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Disinformation in Current Czech Media
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis will deal mainly with the concepts of disinformation and fake news, mainly in the Czech media space. It will summarize the concepts and definitions related to disinformation and the phenomena that help to spread it. The thesis will present the different motivations of individuals who spread disinformation, as well as the motivations of disinformation websites.
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Criminal and Criminological Aspects of Spreading Disinformation
Řeháková, Pavlína ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Říha, Jiří (referee)
Criminal and Criminological Aspects of Spreading Disinformation Abstract This master thesis focuses on the spread of disinformation within criminal law and criminology. The master thesis analyzes and describes the phenomenon of disinformation, detects criminal offences that may be committed in connection with the spread of disinformation and describes such criminal activity from the criminological point of view. The text of this thesis is divided into three parts, the core of the thesis is in the second and third part. The first part of the thesis deals with the term of disinformation and related terms, such as misinformation, fake news, hybrid and information warfare, hybrid threat and propaganda, specifically their definitions and explanations. The second part of the thesis is criminological, therefore it deals with criminological aspects of spreading disinformation. Within the scope of phenomenology, the state and dynamics of crime are described with the help of police statistics. This chapter also addresses the possible characteristics of perpetrators and victims of criminal activity related to spreading disinformation. The etiological chapter analyzes the causes of the spread of disinformation and criminal activity related to such spread. Last chapter of this part deals with crime control, specifically...
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Misinformation Variation? Looking Through the Gendered Lens
Kochel, Alexis ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
In recent years, the growth of the far-right has been spreading across borders, becoming a major international crisis. As the far-right is growing, modern technology has become a powerful platform for recruiting members and spreading misinformation; individuals from anywhere can join, regardless of gender. As a result, women's increased number, impact, and roles within these far-right groups are expanding and becoming familiar. This thesis conducted a qualitative content analysis to depict the difference between women and men when writing messages of political misinformation online, specifically the misinformation regarding the 2020 United States presidential election. By utilizing Deborah Tannen's The Difference Theory, separated language-coded categories were created that depicted an established numerically and qualitatively set of differences between the discourse of the genders. The analysis described some differences between the method and meaning behind the message, but also similarities. The top used categories were the same for both genders, few were similar, and eight were different. It revealed that females expressed similarly to the males; however, males did not use the female-oriented categories as much as the females did the males'.
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Not True, but Could Be: Fake News in Current Czech Media
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Barbora
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of fake news and disinformation mainly in the Czech media space, especially on Czech disinformation websites or social networks. The thesis will outline the issues surrounding the notion of fake news and its resolution within democratic regimes. Fake news and misinformation, with particular reference to 'gender ideology', the Istanbul Convention and racist narratives, will be viewed through the prism of intersectional feminism. Using specific visual and textual examples from disinformation websites, it will give examples and use the method of critical discourse analysis to show how the media in question work with text and visual elements and what discursive frames they communicate. The thesis maps the narratives of disinformation websites with respect to contemporary Czech political discourse.
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Hybrid threats and national security agenda
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Šárka
Hybrid threats and the state security agenda are currently very much debated topics. With the continuous development of IT technologies and changes in military and non-military tactics, hybrid warfare is gradually becoming the dominant way of conducting modern conflicts, which take place largely in cyberspace. The national security agenda is closely related to hybrid threats, as it describes the functioning of the security system of the Czech Republic, in connection with both conventional and modern security threats. The objectives of this thesis are three in total, it involves obtaining information about threats in cyberspace, and how to counter these threats, and further analyze the emergence and spread of so-called fake news that threatens human society. Last objective is to describe the so-called information war and the competence of the government against the spread of fake news. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with basic definitions from the areas of state security, state security system, hybrid warfare, cyberspace and fake news. The selected topics are related to the current situation and specifics in the Czech Republic. Next part of the theoretical part describes discursive analysis, as it is a method used in the practical part of this thesis. The practical part focuses on the discursive analysis of fake news from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The basic article is about summary of several fake news and correcting them. For each fake news, there was an effort to find a relevant article from the Czech media and to find out to what extent the opinions in them coincide and how individual events are perceived in the Czech Republic. The resulting analyzes answered the question from the assignment "What effect do fake nws have on the state security policy?" How can we stop the spread of fake news?" And thanks to them, all 4 goals were met.
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Disinformation as a security threat in the Czech information space in connection with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
HŘEBEČEK, Jan
The thesis deals with the problem of disinformation news in the Czech information space, with attention paid to disinformation in connection with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The aim of the thesis was to identify selected disinformation that appeared in the Czech information space in connection with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to put them in context, to examine the impact of disinformation messages, the dangers of underestimating them, and to answer the research question what impact disinformation had in the Czech information space in connection with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To achieve the objective, a quantitative research strategy was chosen and implemented through a questionnaire survey focused on the spread of disinformation news, the viewership and credibility of selected disinformation media in the context of other media, mass forwarded emails, attitudes towards disinformation news and sources of information in the society-wide context. The research sample consisted of 511 respondents from the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia. The results uncovered some gaps in the aforementioned areas of research, even though students are being prepared to provide work, care and services in many areas of health care facilities and beyond, and medical, biological, natural science and advanced nursing and scientific knowledge is an important line of study for them. Nearly one-third of respondents (29%) agreed with more than one misinformation question. Further, 74% of respondents agreed that someone in their environment has changed behaviors or attitudes because of misinformation related to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. At the same time, exactly 30% of the respondents show a certain level of vulnerability in terms of succumbing to the effects of misinformation messages, as they are unable to recognise misinformation or to express themselves clearly on the issue. Due to the combination of vulnerability, following society-wide events mainly on online networks and in TV, their age and social status, the possibility of succumbing to radicalisation is several times higher than in the rest of society. Therefore, the above findings in this thesis are an important finding that should start receiving much more attention than it has so far. The thesis is aimed primarily at the professional community and offers a relatively comprehensive view of the issue.
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Fake news a nástroje jejich odhalování
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
In response to the increasing danger connected to the issue of the spread of fake news the thesis focuses on the distinction of terms associated with the fake news phenomenon (fake news, disinformation, hoax, conspiracy, manipulation, propaganda etc.), introduces different types of news media (traditional media, alternative media, fake news sites and social media). The thesis further states potential reasons for the mistrust in mainstream media as a possible cause of the recipients' inclination to alternative sources. In response to the increasing number of information coming from different types of news sources, there is a growing need to verify this information, thus the key competencies (critical thinking and media literacy) in the fight against the fake news are introduced. The thesis further elaborates the issue of automatic verification (along with its effectiveness) of news on the internet. Online applications exposing fake news sites are subjected to research in comparative analysis. The results of the examination highlight some of their imperfections that online tools contend.
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Fake news in the hybrid war - case study of the conflict in Ukraine in the year 2014
Samseli, Andrea ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Diplomová práce 2022 Andrea Kačírová 2 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Fake news v hybridní válce - případová studie konfliktu na Ukrajině v roce 2014 (Fake news v hybridnej vojne - prípadová štúdia konfliktu na Ukrajine v roku 2014) Diplomová práce Autor práce: Andrea Kačírová Studijní program: Mediální studia (Distanční) Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Jan Cebe, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2022 3 Prohlášení 1. Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. 2. Prohlašuji, že práce nebyla využita k získání jiného titulu. 3. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zpřístupněna pro studijní a výzkumné účely. V Praze dne 2.8.2022 Andrea Kačírová 4 Bibliografický záznam KAČÍROVÁ, Andrea. Fake news v hybridnej vojne - prípadová štúdia konfliktu na Ukrajine v roku 2014. Praha, 2022. 73 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky, Katedra mediálních studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Jan Cebe, Ph.D. Rozsah práce: 121 409 znaků (včetně mezer) 5 Abstract This diploma thesis describes with fake news as one of the tools...
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Evolution of information warfare expert environment in Czechia
Čičmanec, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
As the tensions between Russia and the West had grown, so had the intensity of hybrid warfare operations, such as Russian disinformation campaigns. These campaigns have contributed to the current polarization of societies not only in the USA, but also in many EU countries and have prompted Western societies to seek appropriate ways to defend themselves against information warfare. Over the last decade, a colourful community of experts developed, empowered to identify specific threats and propose solutions. This study explores how the growing securitization of disinformation affects the development of security expertise in Czechia. Sociological methods, social network analysis, and social capital were applied to uncover and analyze a network of security experts focused on information warfare. SNA allowed mapping both networks of crucial organizers and experts, their social relations, and professional backgrounds. The analyses showed ongoing dynamic development of the network characterized by growing complexity and fragmentation. However, the network is united in its stance on opposing pro-Russian influences. As the network developed, new topics and experts with professional backgrounds emerged. Nevertheless, think tanks remain recognized as both key experts and organizers, drawing their expertise...
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Disinformation and the covid-19 pandemic as a public policy issue
Fialová, Eliška ; Pekáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the current political problem posed by disinformation occurring during the pandemic of the new covid-19 disease. The thesis is theoretical, describes the current state of knowledge, and proposes possible directions of public policies based on the observed information. This recent and alarming phenomenon is associated with potential danger to public health and thus makes the subject of the thesis relevant. An unusual event such as a pandemic provides a fertile ground for the spread of disinformation and conspiracy. The public space is overwhelmed by information and, at the same time, with emotions such as fear and uncertainty caused by the pandemic. The main finding is the continuation of pro-Kremlin and Chinese interventions in the form of anti-Western disinformation narratives. Those undermine citizens' trust in public institutions and the government, where trust is related to susceptibility to disinformation. Fact-checking positively impacts disinformation, but it has no chance of keeping up with the vast amount of information that emerges during a pandemic of a new disease. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the prebunking method of the theory of psychological inoculation, which is further described in the thesis. Based on the findings, specific...
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