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Specific difficulties of adults with dyslexia
Táborová, Zuzana ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the difficulties of adults with dyslexia. Not enough attention is being paid to this issue in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this thesis characterizes dyslexia and summarizes possible difficulties of adults with dyslexia on the basis of both Czech and foreign information sources. The empirical part of this thesis describes the research, whose main goal is to chart (especially cognitive) difficulties, which are related to common everyday activities. Another area monitored in this thesis is self-efficacy of adults with dyslexia in their everyday life. Data are compared with intact counterparts. The research group consists of 120 respondents, including 60 adults with dyslexia and 60 adults without dyslexia (66 women and 54 men). The intact counterparts were matched with adults with dyslexia based on the same gender, year of birth and highest education received. The whole set of used methods concluded the anamnestic part and three self-evaluation questionnaires - the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, the Dyslexic difficulties questionnaire (created for the purpose of this thesis) and the General Self-Efficacy scale. The results confirmed higher difficulties of adults with dyslexia. The self-efficacy does not differ, however, it correlates more with difficulties in...
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Humor as a protective factor of the occupational stress of teachers
Vertelmanová, Hedvika ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis offers a brief overview of theories and surveys made in the areas of occupational stress, defence mechanisms and humor. The author is trying to find and indicate the connections between these areas. This paper goes from the general issue of stress to the posibilities of defending against it. Furthermore, it focuses specifically on humor. It offers an overview of the general theories of humor, and it concentrates on the possible uses of humor as a way of dealing with mental overload. The goal of the practical part of this thesis is to examine the ways in which university teachers use humor. The purpose of this examination is to find ways for improving the mechanisms through which teachers deal with stress.
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Towards the systematic support of the early literacy development in preschool age
Šedinová, Petra ; Málková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Vitásková, Kateřina (referee)
This study evaluates the benefits of short-term, relatively intensively implemented training programme aimed at enhancing the development of pre-reading skills (specifically phoneme awareness and letter knowledge) in the last year of kindergarten. The evaluation of the benefits is carried out in comparison with the situation without the implementation of the work methodology and with the use of available work content with content aimed at the development of graphomotor skills with commented instruction. Sixty-nine children from four kindergartens were randomly assigned to three groups: pre-reading intervention group (resp. phoneme awareness and letter knowledge intervention), graphomotor skills intervention group and no- training group. Intervention programs were implemented as a 10-week training programmes in the frequency of 3 training lessons per week. The results provide an evaluation of the variability pre-literacy pre-reading performance in regular kindergarten classes and the benefits of the evaluated training program in terms of mobilizing pre-literacy pre-reading skills before starting school. This work maps the current situation in the field of intervention/training tools, their specifics and targets literacy and key pre-literacy skills important for the development of children in the...
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Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Triadic Family Interactions and Mental Health
Álvarez Kozubová, Karla ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Rojas, Maria Graciela (referee) ; Frascarolo, France (referee) ; Bangdiwala, Shrikant (referee) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Triadic Family Interactions and Mental Health Abstract Adolescents experience changes, discomfort and increased risk of psychopathology (Vicente et al., 2012), whose approach has been insufficient from the perspective focused on vulnerability/risk. The multidimensional perspective of health that considers protective and opportunity factors of development (Steinberg, 2014) becomes important. Subjective well-being (SWB) has been positioned as a multidimensional health assessment (Suldo & Shaffer, 2008), and the life satisfaction construct (LS) (Diener et al., 1985) as the most stable measure of SWB in constituting the overall judgment of the adolescents regarding their lives and the achievement of their aspirations, values and interests influenced by culture (Eid & Diener, 2004; Maddux, 2018; Seligman, 2011) in addition to their discomfort or symptoms. Objectives: to assess the relationship between life satisfaction, quality of triadic interactions (QIT) and mental health (MH) characteristics (risk and protection) in two groups of Chilean adolescents. Method: case-control study (Case: 30 triads with adolescent receiving care in mental health and Control: 15 triads with adolescent not receiving), non-experimental, cross-sectional with correlational...
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The personal experience of Specific Learning Difficulties
Burianová, Jana ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Zelinková, Olga (referee) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The dissertation "Personal Experience of Specific Learning Disabilities" is devoted to the specific issue of the personal experience of the characteristic primary and secondary manifestations of specific learning disabilities (SLD). The dissertation is conceived as a theoretical-empirical one. The theoretical part of the thesis in seven chapters through a literature search elaborates the folowing topics of: social reality, language, learning, learning potential, specific learning disabilities and the role of the student-teacher and the school. Chapter nine serves as a bridge between the theoretical and empirical part of the thesis and reflects on current research and projects. The empirical part of the thesis presents qualitative research exploring the issue of personal experience of specific learning disabilities. The main aim of the research is to convey and describe an authentic experience of the manifestations of specific learning disabilities leading to the development of an understanding of the special educational needs of pupils with SLD. The primary research question asks what is the effect of the personal experience of SLD on seminar participants. The research inquiry was divided into nine phases: designing the content and format of the personal experience of SLD seminar; designing the...
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Cognitive approach to learning
Kuchtíková, Nicole ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
The undergraduate thesis deals with two cognitive approaches, which are part of the learning process. In the first part of this thesis, the literature review provides a description of a current status of educational policy of the Czech Republic with reasons why we should pay attention to the cognitive processes in learning. The work assesses the learning process from the aspect of cognitive psychology. Two cognitive processes are elaborated, namely attention and memory. Both chapters start with a theoretical introduction and continue with specific recommendations and findings which could be used by teachers and students as well. The second part of the thesis describes a research design, which aims to find out the effect of the practice testing as one of the learning strategies by a quantitative methodology.
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Self-awareness and its Development through Public Policy as a Factor in Choice of Upper Secondary School Programme
Pýchová, Silvie ; Veselý, Arnošt (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Kirovová, Iva (referee)
In recent years, the topic of people's employability on the labour market has become increasingly important in the context of its dynamic transformation due to globalisation and technological progress. The way to prepare young people in education and the adult population for these changes is the subject of career guidance worldwide. Surprisingly, this topic is currently not very resonating among the actors in the Czech Republic and is not considered as a priority of educational policy, even though it is a major focus of European educational strategies. The objective of this dissertation is to gain insight into the beliefs held by the actors in the Czech educational system regarding the topics addressed by career guidance. The dissertation uses data from the 2019 Delphi survey among the actors in education and applies a phenomenographic approach for its secondary analysis. Based on The Advocacy Coalition Framework, this thesis also aims to discover if it is possible to identify certain opinion groups among these actors. The result of this research offers a map of actors' perceptions on this issue. At the same time, it shows that there are at least two large groups of actors whose views have significant disagreements based on their core beliefs. The output of this dissertation also provides...
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Cognitive approach to education
Štrejlová, Michaela ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tomášková, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents a broad range of cognitive approaches to education. It introduces their theoretical background and also specific concepts related to the topic and created by various authors. The thesis does not only deal with contemporary authors, but also refers to earlier authors. In their performance, the text encounters pitfalls of the traditional approach to education and compares it with the cognitive approach. Finally, the thesis presents advantages that the cognitive approach to education offers and mentions disadvantages of the traditional approach. Last chapter involves a research project proposal, which builds on the theory mentioned in the first part of the work. It focuses on the effectiveness of the cognitive education.
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Suicide Attacks in the Middle East
Krejčová, Lenka ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Motl, Jiří (referee)
This thesis examines the problem of suicide attacks in the Middle East. It points to a lack of unity in definition and the difficulty of conceptualizing terrorism, while at the same time presenting a potential typology with emphasis placed on so-called religious terrorism and the historical phases of subversive terrorism, including the development of suicide terrorism on the territory of the Middle East. Specific attention is paid to the suicide attacks carried out during the civil war in Lebanon and the Amal and Hizballáh movements. Furthermore, the thesis addresses the relationship between Islam and terrorism; emphasis is put on the diversity of the world of Islam in examples of trends and movements in contemporary Islam, whereas extra attention is paid to clarifying the terms "fundamentalism" and "Islamism". Light is shed on the problems surrounding authority in Islam, and an attempt is made to explain the role of the clergy. Martyrdom is taken into consideration - the various perceptions of suicide and martyr acts are laid out. The psychological dimensions of terrorism as they pertain to individual culprits of terrorist acts are also given due consideration. Moreover, this work aims to contradict the most common myths associated with the suicide attackers. Keywords Terrorism, suicide...
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Psychological Aspects of Prevention of Sexual Risk Behavior with Attention to Attitudinal Changes in Adolescents
Goláňová, Ivana ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Sexual risk behavior is a phenomenon affecting physical and mental health of an individual. In this paper, the psychological aspects of specific types of sexual risk behavior with attention to its causes as well as its consequences are presented. It is focused on a developmental period of adolescence in the context of the risk behavior syndrome in adolescents. Furthermore, effective approaches to preventive activities are discussed. As for the objectives of programs, the main aim is to influence the attitudes of adolescents. These changes should be reflected in their behavior and can be measured. The paper projects a questionnaire for attitudes towards sexual risk behavior of adolescents entitled Inventory SP-20 that is also used in a research design. In the experiment, changes in attitudes within the preventive programs are measured. The change can be an indicator of effectivity of the programs. Keywords: adolescence problem behavior theory risk behavior sexual risk behavior effective prevention preventive programs sexual education attitudes attitudinal changes
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