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Mathematical plays and game strategies
Michalik, Jindřich ; Slavík, Antonín (advisor) ; Křížek, Michal (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (referee)
This work focuses on selected results in the field of combinatorial game theory. Standalone chapters are dedicated to the descriptions of the optimal strategies for the games of Nim and Checkers. However, a major part of the work consists of new results. They include optimal strategies for two games by Sidney Sackson, namely Hold That Line and Cutting Corners, and the game Prisoners, created by the author of this work, including strategies for various modifications of these games. Some of these results were obtained using computer programs created by the author. The thesis also contains a chapter dedicated to the game of Master Mind, a game without complete information. 1
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On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture
Jakešová, Markéta ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Morin, Marie-Eve (referee) ; Weidtmann, Niels (referee)
On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture Markéta Jakešová Abstract: On Changing and Differing Types of Bodies and Their Relationships to Their Souls or/and Minds in Western Culture is a collection of loosely connected chapters that answer the question of how to make Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology more inclusive. The first chapter, devoted to Jean-Luc Nancy, serves as an introduction to the topic of alternative embodiments and the question of the soul in the body. In the following chapters, Merleau-Ponty is confronted with selected authors associated with Actor-Network Theory (ANT). First, the comparison with Bruno Latour shows that the integrity of all beings and entities, including the most privileged humans, is not to be taken for granted. The pathologies in the Phenomenology of Perception and Annemarie Mol's depiction (enactment) of atherosclerosis are then used as an analogy for the inferior status of women in our society, while the fourth chapter shows the empowerment that can grow out of it through an interpretation of Elfriede Jelinek's novel The Piano Teacher. The last two chapters focus on unconventional modes of intersubjectivity and kinships as ways of being in the world. The confrontation with Eduardo Viveiros de Castro...
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The effect of Gender on Adolescent's theory of mind
Šalapková, Jana ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender in adolescent Theory of Mind. The term Theory of Mind (TOM) was introduced more than 30 years ago. Most of the TOM studies investigated Theory of Mind among animals, infants, children and clinical patients. Based on literature review, we know that developmental changes do not stop in childhood but continue through adolescence and into adulthood. Evidently there is a lack of studies on Theory of Mind in adolescents, despite the fact that adolescence is a critical stage for social, emotional and relationship skills. One of the variables important for our research is the effect of gender and gender identity. Gender differences are considered one of the least examined aspects of TOM, and further studies are not specifically aimed to gender-related differences. The tests we employed were Reading Mind in the eyes test (revised version, RMET-R) and Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). Statistical analysis revealed that older adolescents (17- year old) scored significantly higher than younger (16-year old) on the RMET-R test. There were no significant differences between females and males on the RMET-R test performance results. We found no significant effect of gender identity, feminine traits and familiarity with TOM stimuli in relation to RMET-R...
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The ecology of mental skills development in Canadian athletes: person-process-context-time
Štrajt, Martin ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Jonáš, Juraj (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the development of mental skills in Canadian athletes. It does this by linking Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory to the underlying themes of sport psychology. In the literature review section, chapters on motivation, specific mental strategies, talent perception, athlete development and education, and the Canadian context are developed in addition to the person-process-context-time model. The thesis offers various connections between the theories and emphasizes certain factors that most influence an athlete's personality and development. At the end of the theoretical section, an overview of several Canadian projects that influence the Canadian sport context is offered. The content of the practical section is qualitative research that examines the development of mental skills in Canadian university athletes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then evaluated through thematic analysis. The results of the research offer an overview of the themes related to motivation, the process of mental skills training and the associated role of sport psychology, followed by the characteristics and mind-set of the athletes, and finally the athlete's environment.
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Cross-cultural differences in ontogenetic development
Smetanová, Hana ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Popper, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to compare the ontogenetic development of children in the context of cultural environment. The theoretical and research focus of the thesis is on a population of children aged 3 to 5 years. The literature review section will introduce the developmental aspects of preschool age with an emphasis on cognitive development. It will also focus on social cognition, especially Theory of Mind, and its relation to other cognitive phenomena. The possibilities of testing Theory of Mind will also be mentioned. In the last theoretical chapter, the recent findings on cross-cultural differences in Theory of Mind will be summarized and selected factors explaining possible differences in development will be described. The aim of the research part will be to design a research proposal that would map the relationship between theory of mind, selected cognitive functions and sociodemographic factors in Czech and British children. Universality of the influence of language ability and executive functions on the Theory of Mind will also be examined. The contribution of this bachelor thesis is the extension of knowledge of the influence of culture on ontogenetic development and the comparison of Theory of Mind between two European countries. Key words: development; theory of mind;...
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Reading Faulkner's Minds
Krtička, Filip ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Arbeit, Marcel (referee) ; Bílek, Petr (referee)
The present dissertation focuses on the work of William Faulkner in relation to the concept of mind as conceived by the second wave cognitive sciences. This concept radically challenges previous notions such as cartesian dualism and physicalism which equates mind with the brain and puts forth the human mind as embodied, embedded in the environment, extended beyond the skin, enacted in a particular situation, and encultured, being both a product and a producer of culture. Such a vision changes the landscape of phenomena that fall under the label "mind" and has implications for the study of minds within literature as well. Literature and narrative art constitute a rich source of insights on the human mind and are treated here as an autonomous discourse on human cognition without necessarily seeking confirmation by the sciences. Since it represents a new discipline among approaches to Faulkner's oeuvre, I discuss cognitive literary studies and their relation to cognitive sciences as well as more traditional literary studies arguing for a cognitive approach to literature guided by the discipline's distinctive methods, goals and object of study. In his works, Faulkner narratively presents human cognition as transcending the boundaries of the skull, being formed by both natural and social spheres, by...
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Moral judgment of the younger school children
Šeráková, Barbora ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
Anyone who has ever had the opportunity to observe small children when playing or learning something new or telling something and anyone who has ever had the op- portunity to talk to them must have noticed the children sometimes treat the reality around them in a strange way. These are the funny moments when one is surprised what children think and how they treat logic. As though small children lived in an odd world where the rules of logic are completely different. The famous Swiss psy- chologist noticed this peculiar children's thinking and described the intellectual egocentrism in children of preschool and early school age. Egocentrism does not affect only the children's logical thinking but also other aspects of children's think- ing and experience. This special "setting" of children's minds can be observed when the children are playing, in children's communication, in their drawings or in chil- dren's moral judgement. In the field of children's morals Piaget spoke of the moral realism. Under the influence of moral realism children when morally judging the moral situations presented to them do not concentrate on the essential elements of the story but rather on irrelevant circumstances such as material results of an action and other outside matters. According to Piaget it is essential for...
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Komparační studie čtyř romských životních příběhů
Ryvolová, Karolína ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Acton, Thomas (referee) ; Soukup, Daniel (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to do a comparative analysis of four Romany life-stories in prose from different parts of the world and identify features which may justly be called characteristic of Romany writing. The comparison of Victor Vishnevsky's Memories of a Gypsy, Mikey Walsh's Gypsy Boy and Gypsy Boy on the Run, Andrej Giňa's Paťiv. Ještě víme, co je úcta and Irena Eliášová's Naše osada yields valuable insights into how Romany writers construct their identity and to what extent their current work relates to the existing literary genres. Because of Romany studies' multidisciplinary nature, the extensive introduction lays the theoretical foundations for the analysis. I proceed from the characteristics of Romany studies in general in part 1.2 to the way it was practised during my undergraduate years in Prague as opposed to the Western tradition (part 1.3). Using a case study of the schism Romany studies are currently facing in the Czech Republic, in part 1.4 I attempt to illustrate the more general epistemological challenges the field has been grappling with between essentialist/primordialist and radical constructivist views. As there is a definite scarcity of theoretical literature conceptualising Romany writing, in part 1.5 of the introduction the existing body of work is assessed and found...
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The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Language Skills in Preschool Children
Cajthamlová, Tereza ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
This thesis focuses on the relationship between theory of mind and language skills in Czech preschoolers. The theoretical part summarizes current knowledge about theory of mind, its relationship to language skills, and some areas of development of preschool children. The empirical part describes the research of the relationship between theory of mind and language skills of Czech preschoolers. Fifty-five children in total participated in this research, twenty children in a younger group (m=42 months), and thirty-five children in an older group (m=54 months). Theory of mind has been assessed by two false-belief tasks: Sally-Ann Task, and Smarties task. Language skills were tested by Grammar reasoning test, and Understanding of grammar test from test battery of Seidlová-Málková and Smolík (2014). The older group has significantly better results in false-belief tasks then the younger group. Despite anticipated results, there was not statistically significant difference between the younger and the older groups' language skills. A moderate positive correlation was found between language skills and false-belief understanding in both groups. KEYWORDS Theory of Mind, False Belief Understanding, Language Skills, Preschoolers, Sally-Ann Task, Smarties Task
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Bases of establishing and maintaing authority in education from the perspective of student teachers in the international context
Šaroch, Jaroslav ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with bases of establishing and maintaining authority in education from the perspective of student teachers in the international context. The thesis is divided into six chapters, the first three of which lay down its theoretical groundwork. In the first chapter the term authority is defined both generally and from the point of view of education, then it is classified and categorized, which is followed by an outline of possible dilemmas authority may cause in education. The second chapter charts both internal and external determinants of establishing and maintaining authority in education, i.e. it deals with the influence of teacher's personality and expertise, pupil, interaction of a teacher and a pupil, official pedagogical documents, as well as social and cultural factors. The theoretical part is concluded by the review of the contemporary research of authority in education. The fourth chapter presents the research question and characterizes bases of the selected research methodology - grounded theory. Also, it describes the research plan and utilized qualitative and quantitative research methods, which include free word associations, sentence completion, mind mapping, short written narratives, focus group, and adapted QTI. The chapter also concerns itself with...
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