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Fake News: Methods of assessing and verifying news by their recipients
Čajanková, Kateřina ; Kasík, Pavel (advisor) ; Poljakov, Nikita (referee)
The diploma thesis "Fake News: Methods of assessing and verifying fake news by their recipients" is focused on the ways of evaluating media content by their recipients and the factors that affect the assessment process in the context of fake news phenomenon. The purpose of the thesis is to find out how people perceive the content they read; what affects their perception; and what are the criteria that govern their assessment. The theoretical part first defines the concept of fake (false) news, among other things in connection with the overuse of the term fake news. In the next chapters, the current role of the media and the issue of credibility and trust in the media are approached. The conclusion of the theoretical part discusses the social and psychological assumptions that affect the perception and actions of recipients. The second part presents the research background of this thesis. The research is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative inquiry. The qualitative approach is focused on the description of the processes and criteria used by the recipients in assessing and verifying the news. Data collection is therefore realized through eight semi-structured interviews, which are analysed by the open coding method. The quantitative research part is based on hypotheses about the...
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Influence of New Media on Journalists: Deprofessionalization of Journalism
Ševčíková, Marie ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Groman, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the transformation of the journalistic profession after the massive development and practical application of the new media. What does the current state of the media scene look like? What changes have taken place in connection with digitization and globalization? In examining these changes, I focus on how the journalistic profession has changed due to the influence of new media, the way they are used and their adaptation to them, based on the assumption that the field of journalism has been deprofessionalized. The aim of this thesis is to find and explain the key elements that caused the phenomenon, to demonstrate the correlation between the development of the new media and the declining prestige and professionalism of journalism by using quantitative and qualitative analysis.
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Reconstructing Identities in Fake News: Comparing two Fake News Websites
Ely, Nicole ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Špelda, Petr (referee)
TOPICAL ANALYSIS OF FAKE NEWS 4 Abstract Since the 2016 US presidential campaign of Donald Trump, the term "fake news" has permeated mainstream discourse. The proliferation of disinformation and false narratives on social media platforms has caused concern in security circles in both the United States and European Union. Combining latent Dirichlet allocation, a machine learning method for text mining, with themes on topical analysis, ideology and social identity drawn from Critical Discourse theory, this thesis examines the elaborate fake news environments of two well-known English language websites: InfoWars and Sputnik News. Through the exploration of the ideologies and social representations at play in the larger thematic structure of these websites, a picture of two very different platforms emerges. One, a white dominant, somewhat isolationist counterculture mindset that promotes a racist and bigoted view of the world. Another, a more subtle world order-making perspective intent on reaching people in the realm of the mundane. Keywords: fake news, Sputnik, InfoWars, topical analysis, latent Dirichlet allocation Od americké prezidentské kampaně Donalda Trumpa z roku 2016, termín "fake news" (doslovně falešné zprávy) pronikl do mainstreamového diskurzu. Šíření dezinformací a falešných zpráv na platformách...
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Fenomen deepfakes as a threat for journalism
Mudrová, Nikol ; Láb, Filip (advisor) ; Moravec, Václav (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis tackles the newly occurring type of fake news - deepfake videos. Considering they are quite new and not profusely misused to spread disinformation yet, the thesis embraces this phenomenon right from its roots. In the first section, it defines, what disinformation is, what did it emerge from, how did it look like in the past and how does it look like now. Obviously, to the topic also applies its psychological perspective - in this case, why people's brain does not identify fake news and which short-cuts in processing information take disinformators an advantage from. After such an introduction to the problematics follows a part, which explains the technology behind producing deepfake videos. In a practical part of the thesis concrete deepfake examples are analyzed. Based on this analysis and an interview with Jakub Zelenka, a journalist focusing on fake news, the thesis answers a question of whether and how deepfake videos influence journalism.
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Media literacy and critical thinking among adolescents
Zvelebilová, Kristýna ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Moravec, Václav (referee)
ZVELEBILOVÁ, Kristýna. Mediální gramotnost a kritické myšlení u dospívajících. Praha, 2020. 131 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky. Katedra žurnalistiky. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Jan Jirků, Ph.D. Annotation Master's thesis project Media Literacy and Critical Thinking Among Adolescents adolescents emphasizes the importance of media literacy for life in today's media-rich world. At the same time, it introduces related concepts such as critical thinking or media education and phenomena like fake news, hoax, propaganda, confirmation bias etc. Overall the main emphasis of the thesis is on the media literacy and its development among youth audiences. Marking of a specific relationship between the children and the media is followed by the description of parental media education strategies, media education in general and specifically in the Czech educational system. Main stress of this document is on the critical-thinking related part of a media literacy. Theoretical introduction is complemented by a case study research, which aims to discover, how secondary school pupils approach selected examples of fake news. Methodology of this case study falls somewhere between quantitative and qualitative research. It is conducted by a...
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The Disinformation as a Topic of Media Education and Its Integration into the Teaching Humanities
Tošnarová, Kateřina ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Samek, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of fake news, which is presented as a current and crucial issue of contemporary media discourse. In the initial part of the thesis, the notion of disinformation is described and embedded into the context of related media concepts. The thesis deals with introducing possible consequences of media and misinformation influence for individuals and society. Description of fake news uncovering and coping techniques is also presented. Furthermore, the topic of disinformation is introduced in the context of media and media education, and the influence of media, including fake news, on people and their process of socialization is depicted. Principles which lead the brain to believe misinformation are also covered. In the final part of the thesis, the topic of disinformation is described in relation to humanities and elementary and secondary education framework program. Moreover, the importance and current nature of the topic of fake news is accented in the thesis. The last chapter features educational projects and organizations which cover fake news and their detection, and which can be of use to students and teachers alike. KEYWORDS disinformation, fake news, media education, media, media literacy, manipulation, basics of civics and social sciences, critical thinking
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Influence of massmedia to upbringing of children
Jankovská, Tereza ; Kuchař, Pavel (advisor) ; Pařízek, Michal (referee)
This thesis is about mass media and their influence on upbringing. Theoretical part of thesis is focused on problems of mass media and upbringing and influence of mass media on upbringing. There are describe types and functions of mass media, their influence on the society, furthermore individually upbringing categories and specifics of 21st century. Thesis is closer focused on description of influence on individually digital mass media for upbringing, also on personality of child, and child support for right using mass media at last. In practical are descriptions and results of research through questionnaire which was focused on survey influence mass media in particular cases and their comparison.
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The Phenomenon of Fake News in the Czech Media Milieu
Beránek, Matěj ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focused on disinformation, providing analysis of media system in the Czech Republic. The main focus is on content analysis of disinformations and their persuasive function - explaining what are the ain characteristics of those news and which lingual and rhetorical tools they use. The main tool which is discussed and analysed in this thesis is fallacy, false or invalid arguments. Disinformation phenomenon and its place in today's world is explained in their first part of the thesis. The second, empirical part of the thesis looks at specific examples of disinformations which were published at selected Czech disinformation news websites (Aaronet, AC24, Instory.cz). Selection of those websites was guided by their diversity when it comes to structure and themes. The sample of analysed articles was subject to predefined standards, chosing articles with the theme of immigration crisis which were published between 2015 and 2017.
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Fake news genres
Prokypčák, Matej ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of two main parts. In the theoretical part, we deal with the basic terminological framework of fake news, the development of misinformation, fake news, hoaxes, propaganda and their form and the form they acquired. We will also look at misinformation, hoax and propaganda as a specific genre of false news. Furthermore, we analyze the spread of hoaxes and disinformation and the criteria by which hoaxes are recognized and labeled. An important part of the theoretical part of the thesis is also the manipulation with the content and the determination of the criteria on the basis of which false information can be recognized. We will focus primarily on the electronic and new media domains, which are mainly represented by social networks. In the research and analytical part of the thesis we look at the ways in which different sites classify misinformation and hoaxes, by what criteria they approach their classification, and whether these methods are unambiguous and consistent. The second important part of the research will analyze the attitudes of traditional and alternative media to work with false news and hoaxes. We will try to bring a glimpse of both stakeholders, that is to say, representatives of traditional media and alternative media.
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