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Fighting Fake News with Accuracy: Dual Processing Perspective
Harutyunyan, Mikayel ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Červinka, Michal (referee)
The phenomenon of "fake news", or misleading online content, is increasingly worrisome due to its large-scale socio-economic impact. Researchers and practitioners attempted to understand what drives the virality and believability of fake news and how to reduce its influence. This research aims to shed light on these questions. Building upon a theoretical account positing that people share fake news because they simply fail to engage in deliberate thinking, we designed an accuracy prompt intervention to encourage people to think effortfully. In a pre-registered study conducted via Prolific (N = 520), we find limited evidence supporting accuracy prompts stylized as warning labels, but only for increasing sharing discernment in true, not fake news. The veracity of news articles does not impact sharing intentions, despite having a sizeable effect on accuracy judgments. This and other findings support the dual processing theory of cognition in the context of fake news. Predispositions towards more intuitive thinking increased belief in fake news and higher distrust in true news. Conversely, a better ability to engage in effortful thinking increases truth discernment. In addition, confirmation bias decreases truth discernment and increases sharing intentions. Politically concordant true headlines are...
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Intelligent System for Generating and Analysis of Trading Recommendations on Financial Markets
Martinský, Ondrej ; Hrubý, Martin (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the price prediction on financial markets. It describes automated trading systems based on technical analysis and discusses a soft computing approach to construction of such systems. Also, this thesis combines conventional trading strategies with the fuzzy logic. The practical part of this thesis contains also a framework for composing, simulation and analysis of the automated trading strategies. The simulator contained in this framework is implemented in the Java language and based on DEVS formalism. Because of this, there is a possibility to embed real-time components into the trading model. This work contains also a database of historical financial data and tools for their automatic actualization.
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Model of Generation Y Customer on the Market of Banking and Other Financial Products in the Context of Behavioral Economics
Fojtů, Kateřina ; Dohnalová, Zuzana (referee) ; Rozmahel, Petr (referee) ; Vochozka, Marek (referee) ; Škapa, Stanislav (advisor)
The dissertation focuses on identifying a typical generation Y representative on the financial products market and, on the basis of these characteristics, creates a model of generation Y customer on the financial products market in the context of behavioral economics. Based on the literature research, the terms "generation Y" and "selected knowledge of behavioral economics" were defined. The literature research also led to creating a questionnaire that was used to obtain primary research data. Secondary research has characterized consumers on the financial products market. Secondary research focused on the form of payment; relationship to technologies; cash and cashless payments; relation to cryptocurrencies; relation to savings; digital banking transformation; financial behavior of Czech households. Primary research has focused on obtaining information in the field of behavioral economics, specifically the prejudices of the Czech generation Y; and on what financial market products the Czech generation Y uses and generation’s relationship to risks, provided information and satisfaction with products. Primary research data was used as input data for structural equation modeling. Because of this method, mutual relationships between selected products have been found; customer characteristics and heuristics. The benefit of this work lies in the characteristics of customers in the selected market. It is a sector that is slowly entering the digitalization period, and understanding the young generation, which now accounts for a third of its customers, is crucial for companies. If companies are not able to respond to the changing needs of the younger generations, they can lose their customers and hence revenue.
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Beer Consumption Patterns in Europe
Zobal, Vladimír ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Špolcová, Dominika (referee)
This thesis intends to verify and quantify relationship between microeconomics, macroe- conomics and social variables with annual beer consumption per capita. To assess dif- ferences in tastes in groups of countries, the concept of beer, wine and spirit drinking countries is used to separate the influences. Firstly, the general model for all European countries is estimated with the use of panel data techniques on data from 2000 to 2013. The results and findings from the first model are subsequently used as a building blocks for specific model for The Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has over a long period the highest annual consumption per capita. Still the share consumed in hospitality expe- riences persistent downward trend. All data are collected on annual basis and with only country-aggregated level of detail. Keywords Beer, Wine, Spirits, Consumption Patterns, Beer Demand, Beer Drinking Countries, Be- havioral Economics Author's e-mail Vladimir.Zobal@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail Karel-Janda@seznam.cz 1
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The impact of behavioral economics on email fundraising of non profit organization Greenpeace ČR
Fišer, Matěj ; Báča, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
The aim of this work is to bring new knowledge in the field of behavioral economics and to explore the influence of selected behavioral concepts on fundraising campaigns conducted through e-mail. The thesis first introduces the key aspects of behavioral economics, explains its development throughout history and defines selected behavioral concepts. Then the thesis describes fundraising and its use in nonprofit organizations. The second part of the thesis introduces the case study, which dealt with the application of selected behavioral studies concepts to the e-mailing campaign led by the non-profit organization Greenpeace Czech Republic. The empirical part presents a description of this experiment and an analysis of the results, which revealed that the usage of selected behavioral concepts may be counterproductive under certain conditions.
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Decoy effect and its use in marketing
Regnerová, Eva ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Rosenfeldová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines decoy effect, a phenomenon of behavioral economics. Above all, it focuses on the asymmetrically dominated effect. The main objective of the thesis is to review recent research dealing with the decoy effect and analyze the possibilities of its use in marketing practise. The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical part. In the first chapter of the theoretical part the principle of the decoy effect is generally explained and its possible modifications are described. The second chapter characterizes the asymmetrically dominated effect, the primary type of the decoy effect. There are discussed possible explanations and limits of the effect. In the chapter there is also described wide scope of experiments testing the effect. Special attention is drawn to the use of the asymmetrically dominated effect in marketing communication. The empirical part is then formed by replication of an experiment focused on the general validity of the asymmetrically dominated effect. In this section the importance of replication of experiments is briefly explained. The results of the original experiment were not replicated. But the results of the experiment showed the asymmetrically dominated effect significant in some research groups.
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Priming as a tool for triggering prosocial behavior
Tížková, Tereza ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Godar, Sarah (referee)
Priming is a cognitive bias influencing, in various forms, daily life of people. This paper examines the effect of priming in economics, where subjects are often forced to make decisions under uncertainty. The empirical part of this paper introduces the experiment, where subjects were manipulated towards or against prosocial behaviour with verbal priming techniques. The experiment results show that priming to specific concepts correlated with a tendency to act prosocially actually increases the subsequent degree of prosocial behaviour, although the same evidence has not been found with the opposite case.
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Choice Architecture and the Pension System in the Czech Republic
Polenova, Daria ; Štěpánek, Martin (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes the influence of behavioral economics on a pension system. The research was performed in order to compare Czech and Swedish pension plans from behavioral economics' point of view. Survey logistic regression was applied to analyze the differences and similarities in the opinions of Czech and Swedish citizens. Data used for the analysis were obtained from Eurobarometer 76.2 (2011). The results show that both nations have similar opinions regarding basic questions about pension. Yet, regardless the fact, that both nations support the idea of elder people delaying the retirement, the number of employed Czech seniors is sustainably lower, than the same number for Swedish elder residents. This supports the idea that Swedish pension plan, to which policymakers had applied some behavioral economics' principles, is doing better than Czech scheme in maximizing employment. Therefore, in fulfilling one of the retirement policy's main goals. And proves, that people can be influenced to postpone the retirement. Furthermore, the analysis shows that people tend to have unrealistic expectations and consequently cannot evaluate some situations correctly, and need to be given a "nudge" to prevent unwelcome impact on an individual's life and on a whole country's economy.
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Use of the anchoring effect in marketing communication
Režný, Michal ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Báča, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to the study of the anchoring effect, one of the most common cognitive biases, and its potential use in marketing communication. The first section of the first part provides a theoretical summary of the anchoring effect as a psychological phenomenon in the form in which it was defined by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in the early 1970s. It addresses the possible explanations of anchoring and also gives a brief introduction to related cognitive biases, understanding of which is crucial for further orientation in the use of anchoring in marketing communication. The main body of the first part is formed by a theoretical research of academic literature and consequently conducted studies and experiments. The terminological discrepancies between fields when it comes to anchoring in marketing communication are dealt with special attention. A considerable part of this section is dedicated to the different types of use of anchoring in marketing communication. The second part of this paper is an empirical one. It describes an experiment conducted by the author of this work with the objective of studying the effect of anchoring and its usability in practice on the example of fictitious car commercials. The results of the experiment suggest that while there is an evidence...
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