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The Role of Video Games in Health Care and Medical Training
Gálíková, Markéta ; Langerová, Petra (referee) ; Šedrlová, Magdalena (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá možným využitím počítačových her a technologiemi s nimi spojených v rámci medicínského vzdělávání a zdravotní péči. Veřejnost často vnímá videohry jako ztrátu času, nebo je využívají pouze pro zábavu. Cílem této práce je proto prokázat jejich využitelnost a pozitivní vliv na již zmínění medicínský vzdělání a zdravotní péči. První část práce pojednává o vlivu her na vzdělávání studentů medicíny, lékařů i pacientů a zároveň jej kriticky analyzuje. Druhá část je zaměřena na využití her ve zdravotní péči, jako je například terapie dětí s autismem nebo dětskou mozkovou obrnou, dále jako možnost redukování bolesti, či způsob objevování nových biochemických látek a struktur. Záměrem práce je zabývat se nejen počítačovými hrami, ale také s nimi spojenými technologiemi jako je virtuální a rozšířená realita, které ještě násobí zkušenosti získané v medicínském vzdělání.
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Cognitive flexibility in selected animal models of psychiatric disorders
Janíková, Martina ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adjust thinking and behavior based on changing conditions. Cognitive rigidity has been described in a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and has been suggested to contribute to symptom maintenance. Therefore, we aimed to study cognitive flexibility and other behavioral characteristics in several rodent models relevant to schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In a two-hit mice model relevant to schizophrenia, we found the between-group difference in set- shifting and decreased number of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus of stressed female mice. Interestingly, we found no impairment in any other behavioral task. In two pharmacological rat models relevant to OCD, we showed that sensitization to D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole and serotonin 1A/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task. The impairment was so severe that the reversal couldn't be tested. Surprisingly, drugs decreasing glutamatergic neurotransmission, memantine and riluzole, further impaired the performance in both models, although no such effect was observed when they were applied alone. Lastly, we showed that the knockout of a collapsin response...
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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Francoise Dolto - a personality of 20th century French pedagogy
Říhová, Nikola ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
This thesis deals with the life of the French psychoanalyst and paediatrician Françoise Dolto. Thesis treats her personal life, defines the essential moments in her professional development. It summarises her theoretical ideas concerning child education and upbringing, child psychoanalysis and also touches on her impact on comtemporary educational practice. KEYWORDS Françoise Dolto, pedagogy, psychoanalysis, autism spectrum disorder, education
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Homesharing pohledem nezapojených nestátních neziskových organizací
VANÍČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis deals with the topic of homesharing and summarizes its implementation in the Czech Republic. The thesis sets two objectives, namely to survey the views of the representatives of non-participating non-governmental organisations (hereinafter referred to as NGOs) on the need for homesharing services in regions where homesharing is not organised; and to examine the opinion of the representatives of non-participating NGOs on the organisation of homesharing in the Czech Republic. The research is conducted through a qualitative research strategy, using semi-structured interviews. The method of deliberate (purposive) sampling was adopted to select the research population. The research sample consists of 13 managers of NGOs located in regions where homesharing is not organised and 1 programme manager of the Abakus Foundation. The analysis of the results is conducted using open coding and axial coding, and a paradigmatic model is created. The data obtained are processed using ATLAS.ti 8 software. The data analysis revealed the perceptions of the NGO representatives regarding the Czech concept of homesharing, its necessity and also its organisation. The representatives of the non-participating NGOs perceive the need for homesharing mainly in connection with the drastic lack of social services for people with autism spectrum disorder particularly in the afternoon or at the weekends. The findings indicate that homesharing has the potential to complement social services. Not all areas of the organisation of homesharing are perceived positively by NGO representatives. The results show a lack of promotion and insufficient distribution of NGOs providing homesharing. The research reveals a certain lack of interest on the part of the representatives towards the inclusion of homesharing services. The thesis contains a subjective evaluation of homesharing by NGO representatives, which can serve as feedback for NGOs organizing homesharing in the Czech Republic. The thesis can also be used as a source of information for the wider public interested in the Czech concept of homesharing.
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Social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders in preschool age
NOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool age. The aim of the study is first to determine the level of social skills in a selected child with ASD in preschool age. On this basis, the actual creation of a tool, designed to develop the selected problematic social skill, and its piloting follows. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the reader is introduced to the basic terminology and characteristics of ASD concepts. The so-called autistic triad is introduced, i.e. the manifestations and problem areas of ASD. In this part we also find an explanation of the term social skills, an introduction to the problems of developing these skills in children with ASD and the possibilities of their development. The theoretical part also presents the principles of structured learning and the current range of didactic aids for pupils with ASD. The aim of the practical part is first of all to find out the problematic social skills of a selected child with ASD of preschool age on the basis of observation, data analysis, interviews with the child's parents and teachers in a special kindergarten. And last but not least, using the CARS2-ST screening method. Once identified, a didactic tool will be created to develop the selected problematic social skill. The application of this work will be especially among educators working with children with ASD. The work will be helpful in the creation of didactic aids for the development of social skills.
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Alternative and augmentative communication in PE lessons for pupils with pervasive disorder.
Vyvialová, Kristýna ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pavlová, Ilona (referee)
Title: Alternative and augmentative communication in PE lessons for pupils with pervasive disorder. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to investigate the possibilities of using pictograms as methods of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) to support the communication of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in physical education (PE) classes.. Methods: The work is based on theoretical-empirical methods. In the first phase of the research, the SOP methology (word, picture, movement) was created, which can be used for testing and conducting PE for individuals with communication disorders. In the second phase, the method was tested on a group of five students with ASD (age 18-20 years, 2 women, 3 men) studying at a special secondary school. The qualitative investigation included the following methods of data collection: a three-phase test of understanding of physical education terminology, diagnosis by independent pedagogic staff in classes and participant evaluation by the researcher. The intervention consisted in the implementation of a comprehensive 4-month program for the development of communication skills using the SOP method in PE lessons with support in other lessons. In the third phase of the research, teachers were asked about their experiences, opinions and needs in the...
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The use of therapeutic methods in children with ASD
HAŠKOVCOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis focuses on the use of therapeutic methods in children with ASD. The aim of the work is to summarize the theoretical knowledge in the field of the use of therapeutic methods for children with ASD and, on this basis, to explore the possibilities of therapy for children with ASD in the Czech Republic and clarify the way they work. Part of the thesis is research carried out using a qualitative research strategy, where the research method is a multi-source semi-structured interview. The research group consisted of 10 therapists, the results of interviews with them were processed by open coding and graphically processed in the Atlas.ti program.
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Supporting self-care skills in children with autism spectrum disorder through applied behavioral analysis methods
Bergmannová, Klára ; Bartoňová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Květoňová, Lea (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of learning self-care skills in children with autism spectrum disorder through the methods of applied behavior analysis. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the legislative framework of education in the Czech Republic with a focus on special education counselling and the provision of support measures in education. Furthermore, autism spectrum disorders are characterized and the basic theoretical foundations of applied behavior analysis are defined. The empirical part of the thesis is divided into two parts, the first of which aims to present the theoretical foundations of the problem of toilet training, developed mainly from foreign literature, as well as foreign studies conducted on the topic. The second part of the empirical part of the thesis contains a case study of two children with autism spectrum disorder. In the preparation of the empirical part of the thesis, the following techiques were used: analysis of the studied literature, review of foreign studies, document analysis and case study. The informants of the case study were two children with autism spectrum disorder who were trained in toilet training through applied behavior analysis methods. The case study is based on data from a behavioral intervention focused on toilet training. By analysing...
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