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Specifics of school maturity and school readiness in children with autism spectrum disorder from the point of view of special education teachers and primary school teachers
Nováková, Monika ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
Primary target of this thesis entitled 'Specifics of school maturity and school readiness of children with autism spectrum disorder from the point of view of special education teachers and primary school teachers' is to focus on abilities and skills of children with autism spectrum disorder at the beginning of their school attendance and to look for individual preferences of respondents to the individual components of school maturity and school readiness. For this purpose a combined research has been used. Presented data are based on the study of professional literature, questionnaires, and interviews with special pedagogues and teachers. The results from both the quantitative and qualitative part of the research confirm that school maturity needs to be significantly supported and individual requirements have to be adapted in the social-emotional area and language area. Research shows that school maturity in the two above mentioned areas can be hard to achieve but school readiness is something a child with ASD can still achieve through adequate intervention. The research part also identified other factors that may affect school maturity and readiness - family, kindergarten or a teacher in both the pre-school facility and the first grade of elementary school. Keywords: autism spectrum disorders,...
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Reading comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder in 6th and 9th grade
Nováková, Hana ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with the matter of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we dealt with the issue of autism spectrum disorders, constituent diagnoses and the triad of disrupted areas. Further into thesis we presented the reader the fundamental cognitive theories which explain exhibitions within the range of autism spectrum disorders. Towards the end of thesis we dealt with reader's literacy with special emphasis on reading comprehension. The second part presents empirical research aimed at ascertainment of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The research sample consisted of sixth and ninth grade pupils diagnosed with Asperger syndrome from both primary and grammar school. The sample was supplemented with a control group which comprised intact pupils of the same grades. For the purposes of this study there were created new tests focusing on the level of reading comprehension. The first test aimed at reading comprehension with regard to silent reading, the second test observed reading comprehension in terms of loud reading. Methodology was further supplemented with the Strange Stories test ascertaining the level of theory of mind. The crucial part of...
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Coping with Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brožová, Kateřina ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
in English: This diploma thesis is focused on parents coping with the burden of having children with autism spectrum disorder. It's goal is to analyze parent's strategy to cope with such burden in relation to taking care of a child with autistic spectrum disorder. Thesis is constructed as an emprical qualitativeresearch which also involves quantitative data. Data were acquired via half - structured interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.Furthermore, a questionnaire SVF 78 "Strategy of stress management" was used and filled out by the parents. The data were subsequently qualitatively analyzed and interpreted using content analysis. Finally, a comparison to specialized literature was performed. The text of the thesis itself is composed of three parts. First part includes theoretical solutions that are based on both Czech and foreign literature concerned with autism theory and coping with stress of parents bringing up an autistic child. Second part is focusing on the methodology and data analysis procedure. The final third part is dedicated to the interpretation of interviews and discussion results, combined with results of available literature research. The benefit of this diploma thesis is discovery of what helps to parents of autistic children to cope with the stress...
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The clinical picture of developmental dysphasia in the concept of neuorodevelopmental disorders
Pospíšilová, Lenka ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Koutek, Jiří (referee) ; Ošlejšková, Hana (referee)
Introduction: Developmental dysphasia (DD) is a developmental language disorder with high prevalence, but also with low publication index and confusion of the terminology (including the Czech version of ICD - "speech" disorder instead of "language" disorder). The scientific view has passed the development from a symptom, through the specific nozologic unit to the current term Developmental language disorder (DLD) and its classification among a new category of diseases in ICD-11 (existing in DSM-5) called Neurodevelopmental disorders. Another disorder with the characteristic pathology in communication is the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which is classified as a disease of the same category as DD. Compared to DD, it has a higher publication index, lower prevalence, and even more serious consequences. Three different domains that cause confusion, both in ASD and DD, are "speech", "language", and "communication". The same confusion applies to the current subtypes in ICD-11 with the term "functional language". In the Czech Republic there are very few studies dealing with the patients with DD, their profile of a clinic picture has not been processed so far. In spite of the increase of Czech research of ASD there is a missing speech, language, and communication profile of these individuals. This has...
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Memory and cognitive coordination impairment in rat models of neuropsychiatric diseases
Vojtěchová, Iveta ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Hort, Jakub (referee)
The memory and spatial navigation are extremely important brain functions for humans, but they are often the question of life and death for animals. In humans, memory can be disrupted by various neuropsychiatric disorders. The patients suffering from Alzheimer's dementia (AD) have impaired working and long-term memory, spatial navigation, higher cognitive functions and social memory. The deficit of cognitive coordination (the skill to recognize the relevancy of incoming information) and disorientation belong to the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Intelectual disability appears in some patients with autism spectrum disorder. Unfortunately, it is not possible to cure these disorders efficiently because the etiology is not known in the majority of patients. The causes leading to development of these disorders could be revealed using animal models. This thesis contributes to the characterization of the cognitive skills disruptions - as well as other behavioral alterations - in selected rat models of AD (transgenic McGill rat, non-transgenic Samaritan rat) and schizophrenia (lipopolysaccharide model of early postnatal, or prenatal, bacterial infection). The thesis also discusses the validity and limitations of these models. Our results showed a severe deficit of spatial navigation, learning and...
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Adults with Asperger's Syndrome and Their Compensatory Mechanisms
Babčaníková, Anna ; Mlejnková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis entitled Compensatory mechanisms in adults with Asperger's syndrome is to answer the main research question: What compensatory mechanisms do adults with Asperger's syndrome use during integration into society and what social consequences do they face? The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and research. The theoretical part presents readers with expertise from Czech and foreign publications. The introductory part deals with the characteristic of Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Asperger's syndromem (AS), etiology and interesting myths about the development of autism spectrum disorders. The following chapters provide information on the integration of adults with AS into society, possible barriers to social integration and social skills training that can be supported by social workers. The next chapters present a long-term prognosis, compensation mechanisms and their possible social consequences. The research part of the thesis focuses mainly on the collection and analysis of data oriented according to some elements of constructivist grounded theory (GTM). Interpretative qualitative research of the diploma thesis is realized through semi-structured interviews with adults with Asperger's syndrome and also with social workers from one organization,...
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Assessment of motor skills in children of younger school age with autism spectrum disorder practising applied behavior analysis with the MABC-2 test battery
Adamcová, Tereza ; Kotlík, Kamil (advisor) ; Vařeková, Jitka (referee)
Title: Assessment of motor skills in children of younger school age with autism spectrum disorder practising applied behavior analysis with the MABC-2 test battery Objectives: The aim of the work is to assess the motor skills of children of younger school age with autism spectrum disorder using the test battery MABC-2 (Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition). The obtained results will be compared with the standards for Czech children and children with autism spectrum disorder who do not practice Applied Behavior Analysis. Methods: The motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the MABC-2 test battery (Henderson et al., 2007) - Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition. The method of comparison was used in the work, namely the results of children with autism spectrum disorder with standards for Czech children and both groups of tested children - one group practicing applied behavior analysis with another group of children without intervention. Results: We found that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in our sample showed a significantly higher incidence of motor problems. All involved children with ASD (n = 10) in the research fall into the 3rd zone (score below the 5th percentile), where there are significant motor...
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The importance of motivation in mentally disabled students
Nesvadbová, Tereza ; Bartoňová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zemková, Jaroslava (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with definition of classification of mental disabilities, education of pupils with mental disabilities and motivation for education for pupils with mental disabilities. The practical part examines, through semi-structured interview, observation and questionnaire, importance of motivation of pupils with mental disabilities, if there are differences between motivated and not motivated pupils. Which motivational elements are functional and whether pupils with mental disabilities have a need to achieve success and avoid failure. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, education, motivation, performance motivation, pupils with mental disabilities.
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