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Aplikace temporálních logik ve fyzice
Švarný, Petr ; Majer, Ondrej (advisor) ; Pudlák, Pavel (referee)
This thesis presents an introduction to the three main fields that study time: physics, philosophy, and logics. A brief introduction to general relativity, thermodynamics and quantum physics is made. Also some of the basic ideas from the philosophy of time are explained and dualities connected to time are described, e.g. eternalism vs. presentism, determinism vs. indeterminism and the reality or unreality of time. As there is a huge number of temporal logics, only the main ideas that differentiate these logics from others are pointed out and some typical proofs are then shown. Special attention is then given to the relation between logics and physics, how the first can be used in the latter. Thereafter, Branching space-times and Branching continuation models are presented, which proved to be useful within quantum physics. Next, some basic terminology connected to general relativity and the A, P and T topologies are introduced . These are used together with the given models to investigate a possible combination.
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Traces of time (changes of artifical textures as an inspiration for creative work)
Blahníková, Jana ; Kornatovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Bláha, Jaroslav (referee)
JANA BLAHNÍKOVÁ Keywords: texture, matter, art informel, existentialism, time, change, traces, beauty, ugliness, imagination Abstract: The Master Thesis concerns itself with changes of artificial textures as an inspiration for creative work. By artificial textures are meant paints and layers on objects, on which time has left its mark. A part of the Thesis deals briefly with the basic categories of aesthetics with special regard to texture change. The Thesis maps out the Czech and the world art scene of the 1950s and 1960s and focuses on the main artists of that period, whose work relates to the subject. The theoretical base is linked with the artists and art schools of thought, which is presented in the didactic section a part of which I used in my practical work and described in the reflection.
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Psychotherapy as education for authenticity. The Life-world as a psychotherapeutic problem
Slaninka, Michal ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Our dissertation thesis Psychotherapy as education for authenticity - Life-world as a psychotherapeutic problem deals with ontological foundations of psychotherapy. We present the change of understanding of a man and the world from antiquity to now. Psychotherapy as a new discipline is based on subject - object understanding and tries to understand human being from this perspective which changes into internal conflict. We consider that psychotherapy and psychology aren't aware of their ontological foundations. The core of this work is based on principles of Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's fundamental ontology as conditions of natural psychotherapy. They both bring appropriate understanding of human being. Therefore we consider basic principles of natural psychotherapy. Keywords: Life - World, psychotherapy, authenticity, ontology, education, time
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Humanity and animality between Heidegger and Derrida
Trnka, Jaroslav ; Koubová, Alice (advisor) ; Michálek, Jiří (referee) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee)
This work deals with the difference between man and animal in the context of the theme of time as treated by Heidegger and Derrida. The starting point of the work is the critique of early Heidegger and his characterization of animal as poor in world. This critique targets his thinking of time and possibility. As first two chapters try to show, despite his basic emphasis on time and on the possibility character of human being, Heidegger still thinks time on the basis of presence and possibility on the basis of reality. Only after taking this step can he think animal privatively as meaningless or poor - in a certain absence of time. This critique results in looking for a more consistent thinking of time and possibility as a way to a more welcoming thinking of animal. The third chapter is concerned with Derrida's objections to searching for other time and it maps the main problems connected with this project of Heidegger. The next three chapters present the main analysis of Heidegger's later thought of time. The differences between his late and early thought are emphasized as the differences between his late speech Time and Being and the early work Being and Time. Heidegger in his later works explores the unity of the three-dimensional time and bewares to think it as presence. The ground of the unity...
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"Because the time is near." Eschatology in Grimmelshausen's "Simplicianische Schriften": The Time and Figures of Revelation
Maroszová, Jana ; Tvrdík, Milan (advisor) ; Bok, Václav (referee) ; Václavek, Ludvík (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav germánských studií Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften, Institut für Deutsche Philologie Abstract Dissertation / Disertační práce "Denn die Zeit ist nahe." Eschatologie in Grimmelshausens Simplicianischen Schriften: Zeit und Figuren der Offenbarung. "Čas je blízko." Eschatologie v Grimmelshausenově "Simpliciánských spisech": Čas a figury zjevení "Because the time is near." Eschatology in Grimmelshausen's "Simplicianische Schriften": The Time and Figures of Revelation Autor: PhDr. Jana Maroszová Studijní obor / Fach: Filologie, Germánské jazyky a literatury / Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur des Mittelalters Vedoucí / Betreuer: Doc. PhDr. Milan Tvrdík, CSc.; Prof. Dr. Friedrich Vollhardt LS 2011 / Sommersemester 2011 1 "Because the time is near." Eschatology in Grimmelshausen's "Simplicianische Schriften": The Time and Figures of Revelation Abstract This research study deals with Grimmelshausen's baroque novels known and designated by the author himself as "Simplicianische Schriften"1 (1668-1675). The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the way eschatology in these literary works is presented. This study is introduced with historical, cultural and religious background,...
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Martin Heidegger: Man, World and Space
Kocman, Vojtěch ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract This essay presents an attempt to interpret the key moments of Heidegger's conception of spaciousness. Considering the fact, that Heidegger didn't publish his understanding of spaciousness in any systematic form, it is necessary to work with a great amount of primary texts often available only in a fragmentary shape. Another difficulty is given by the author's use of language, which requires very demanding translations; we always translate the source texts in this paper. Within his conception termed as the topology of being Heidegger attempts to think about the space not as a measurable quantity, but in correlation with the Greek concept of τόπος, i.e. the qualitatively determined place. This essay concentrates on Heidegger's early work as well as on his late period, during which the topological thinking plays a central role; it also tries to identify the connection between them. The understanding of thinking as a way is essential, as well as the connection of thinking and poetry and the relation between space and time, which are considered of equal value in Heidegger's late work. Merely outlined remain other directions, which may be taken by further research within Heidegger's concept of spaciousness: the critique of the contemporary way of the uncovering of the world, the deepened relation with...
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A photo-essay and a reportage photography on the Internet versions of the world-known newspapers or news magazines
Šinková, Veronika ; Lábová, Alena (advisor) ; Turek, Pavel (referee)
The end of the 21st century was marked by major technological changes. These changes, especially the invention of digital photography and the Internet, also affected the area of photography. During this period, while print media are in a crisis, the web is rapidly becoming the new source of media content. The area of photojournalism is one of the first to respond to these changes by creating multimedia sections in online versions of newpaper and news magazines. The thesis "A photo-essay and a reportage photography on the Internet versions of the world-known newspapers and news magazines" is about the transfer of photography from the pages of newspapers to web sites. The whole thesis is then divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The first chapter is focused on the very changes brought by this transition - since the creation of the citizen journalism to the issue of the copyright. Then, there are defined the terms " a photo-essay" and " a reportage photography" that are important for the second half ot the text. The analytical part, which is based on the content analysis, examines four photo-essays selected from the American news magazine Time. At the end the thesis provides practical conclusions arising from the transition of photography and photojournalism to the web by comparasion of...
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Comparison of Czech and foreign textbooks of social science
Hrubanová, Pavlína ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Michaela (referee)
My diploma thesis focuses on comparison of Czech and Belgian textbooks of social science. The theoretical part includes description and comparison of Czech and Belgian educational system and concept of social science. The theoretical part includes also description of word "textbook". The practical part consists of analysis of Czech and Belgian textbooks according to the criterions. Attitudes and opinions of Czech and Belgian teachers are written there. It includes the observation of social science classes, too.
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Jan Zahradníček and his poetry in the 1940-1950s
Fauknerová, Jana ; Wiendl, Jan (advisor) ; Holý, Jiří (referee)
The thesis is focused on the creation of Jan Zahradníček in the 40th and 50th years of 20th century, namely collections of Rouška Veroničina, La Salleta, Znamení moci. Dům strachu and Čtyři léta. The aim of this thesis is to show exclusivity and specifics of these collections. The thesis analyzes the collection in the terms of composition, rhythm and motive, and monitors their individual transformations. All with taking into account the importance of historical context of the period in which these works were created. At the end we present prison Poetry of Zahradníček as a specific, non-contextual genre that does not have analogues in Czech literature. Keywords Jan Zahradníček, spiritual poetry, composition, time, space, theme, historical context.
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The Topic of the Death in Existential Philosophy and its Influence on the Theological Reflection
Kuntová, Karolína ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Topic of the Death in Existential Philosophy and its Influence on the Theological Reflection" deals with the Death in work of existential philosophers as Martin Heidegger, Jean - Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers and Albert Camus. Authors concentrate on human being, which is direct to the Death. They mention about concepts, which influence of this perception of the Death, for example a freedom, an anxiety, a fear or a quilt. These concepts are importance to accept of the Death as a part of a human life. We can't omit the existence of God, who authors, without Karl Jaspers, decline. Diploma thesis deals with importance of the Death and what the Death tells for human. Authors concentrate on moment of the Death and subjective of the Death not only, but meaning of the Death in future too.
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