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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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HPLC in quality control of food supplements based on goldenrod and containing rutin and chlorogenic acid
Kotyková, Klára ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Klára Kotyková Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: HPLC in quality control of food supplements based on goldenrod and containing rutin and chlorogenic acid In this diploma thesis, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. This method was applied to the analysis of food supplements based on goldenrod: drops Celík zlatobýl (Valdemar Grešík), Celík obecný BIO (Bylinné kapky), Celík obecný (Bylinné kapky), Zlatobýl (Green Idea), Zlatobýl - tinktura z pupenů (Serafin), Zlatobýl - tinktura z bylin (Serafin), Zlatobýlová směs (Dědek kořenář), Zlatobýl (Inca Botanica), and capsules Celík (Ex Herbis). Furthermore, two food supplements containing rutin (Solgar and Walmark®) and a food supplement Zelená káva (Botanic) containing chlorogenic acid were analyzed. An Ascentis® Express 90 Å AQ-C18 150 × 4.6 mm column with 2.7 µm particles was selected for analysis. A gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.085% phosphoric acid was used. Detection was performed with a diode array detector at...
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Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease
Tošnerová, Daniela ; Karabanovich, Galina (advisor) ; Matouš, Petr (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Mentor: Ing. Galina Karabanovich, Ph.D. Consultant: Ing. Barbora Svobodová, Ph.D. Student: Daniela Tošnerová Title of Thesis: Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurologic disorder. Current treatments only temporarily delay the progression of disease. The main limiting factor for developing of new therapeutic compounds is the simultaneous presence of multiple pathologies. Thus, a new group of potential drugs called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) emerged as an alternative option to combat AD. To this date, dozens of MTDLs have been published. As part of the experimetnal section of this thesis, a series of small molecules based on quinazoline scaffold was rationally designed with the intention to influence the activity of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A/MAO-B), and the GluN1/GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Subsequently twenty-four new quinazoline derivatives were synthesized, and biologically evaluated. The overall results highlighted compound II-6h ((5E)-8-chlor-N-cyklohexyl-3-methyl-1-...
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Mechanisms responsible for sex bias in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases
Ráček, Vojtěch ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Ciferská, Hana (referee)
Studies have shown that women typically have stronger immune responses than men. This can also make them more susceptible to autoimmune diseases, with females comprising 80% of autoimmune patients. In women, one X chromosome is epigenetically silenced through a process called X chromosome inactivation. However, some immune-related genes located on the X chromosome, such as TLR7 and CD40L, may escape this silencing process in certain cells or tissues. This can result in a sex-biased expression that contributes to the development and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Another interesting factor that explains this sex bias is lncRNA XIST, which is a primary regulator of the inactivation process. It plays a crucial role in lupus development and creates an XIST ribonucleoprotein complex with proteins that help establish a repressed chromatin state on the inactivated chromosome. Importantly, many of these proteins are autoantigens in various autoimmune diseases and may serve as clinical markers for the diagnosis of these conditions. While microbiome and sexual hormones also play important roles, the focus remains primarily on XIST RNA and escape genes. Keywords: autoimmune disease, sex bias, X chromosome, escape genes, lncRNA XIST, sexual...
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The role of infection of HPV and EBV in the etiology of nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma
Machů, Jakub ; Vojtěchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are common DNA viruses that contribute to the development and progression of tumours. These two groups of viruses are associated with more than 600,000 cases of newly diagnosed tumours of different anatomical locations annually. However, carcinogenesis is not a part of their normal productive life cycle. High risk HPV infections are mainly associated with head and neck tumours and anogenital cancers. EBV infections are associated with a range of acute or chronic diseases and tumours, with Burkitt's lymfomas (BL), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) being the most prominent. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that EBV infections may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in woman and that HPV infections may play a role in the development of NPC. The aim of this thesis is to characterize above mentioned groups of DNA viruses and to summarize currently available information about the potential role of these viruses in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinomas. Key words: human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma
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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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Identification of "red flag" items in the S-PMV screening questionnaire
Straková, Lucia ; Urban, Kamila (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Jana (referee)
The recognition and identification of developmental delays or developmental disorders in early childhood development can be difficult, and various screenings are often used. The Screening for Psychomotor Development ("S-PMV") consists of ten questionnaires and is designed for children between birth and three years of age. Since 2019, it has been recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic as a tool for paediatricians, which allows them to monitor the development of the child and catch any delays in its progress. The aim of the present thesis is to identify the "red flag" items in motor, communication, cognition, adaptive and social behaviour in the S-PMV at each assessed age of the child, which the majority of children (>95%) of a given age fulfil and to distinguish abnormalities in development as a result of it. The research sample consisted of 60,298 completed questionnaires from children aged between birth and three years. A total of 48 "red flag" items were identified in all questionnaires except for the S-PMV 9 questionnaire for children between 11-12 months of age, which could be due to the fact that children at this age have reached different levels of ability in the domains of interest and therefore the items in the questionnaire may have been chosen unsuitably.
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Dispersal and personality
Rišová, Slavomíra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Dispersal of animals is an important area of ecology, the study of which is crucial for understanding population composition and dynamics. The acquired knowledge has broad applications in various fields, whether in the efforts to introduce endangered species or, conversely, to suppress the spread of invasive ones. However, dispersal begins at the individual level, so it is first necessary to determine which traits dispersing individuals possess. One possible aspect in which dispersers may differ from residents is their personality. This bachelor thesis provides a summary of literature that focuses on personality predictors of dispersal, comparing personality traits among each other, both within and across three selected taxa: fish, birds, and representatives of mammals - rodents. The literature suggests that in the context of individual personality, besides others, three main types of dispersal exist. In the first type, primarily observed in early stages of life, dispersal of more submissive individuals of territorial fish and rodents is enforced due to aggression from more dominant individuals. However, in birds, it is necessary to secure suitable territory as quickly as possible, leading to the opposite dependence - earlier dispersal of dominant individuals. The second type involves voluntary...
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Influence of urbanization patterns on the escape behaviour of birds
Dontová, Alena ; Mikula, Peter (advisor) ; Brlík, Vojtěch (referee)
Urbanization, i.e., the anthropogenic transformation of natural habitats into urban areas, has significant impact on the biodiversity. One of the key factors for successful animal survival in urban environments is the increase in their tolerance towards humans manifested by their decreased shyness. One of the field methods for assessing the level of the shyness across different individuals, populations, and species of animals is measuring their flight initiation distance. In this thesis, I focus primarily on birds, as their responses have been most extensively studied. Previous studies focused on differences in escape behaviour among birds mainly between urban and rural areas, and focused mainly on Europe and North America. However, human settlements vary in their history, size, population density, and other characteristics. Therefore, the observed patterns in bird behaviour may not always be universally applicable across all cities. In this thesis, through a literature review, I summarize how the escape behaviour of birds differs not only between urban and rural environments but also depending on the characteristics of human settlements, such as their size, history, degree of urbanization, the density of the local human population and the ecoregion. I found that the most important characteristics are the...
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The genus Neotinea Rchb.f. in Europe
Vavřina, Štěpán ; Chumová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the genus Neotinea from the phylogenetic, molecular and ecologic points of view. Most of its species have been classified in the genus Orchis until the use of molecular methods. Within the Orchidoideae, Neotinea forms a sister clade to the genera Anacamptis, Serapias, Ophrys and Himantoglossum. Six species are accepted now. The current taxonomic circumscription calls for a revision under the influence of new knowledge. Especially in N. tridentata, which contains several well-differentiated lineages and is the ancestor of the tetraploid N. commutata. Also the relationship between N. lactea and N. conica remains unresolved. The genome size within the genus ranges from 6.48 pg in N. maculata to 31.14 pg in N. lactea. All species except N. commutata, whose tetraploid origin is debated, are diploid (2n = 42). Partial endoreplication is present in the genus. The range of endoreplicated DNA is relatively narrow regardless of differences in genome size. Species prefer open, slightly basic habitats. In mycorrhizal interactions they appear generalistic with a preference for Ceratobasidiaceae. At the level of reproductive strategies, the genus Neotinea prefers the generative mode over the vegetative one. N. maculata is autogamous, the other species are allogamous, food deceptive, with...
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