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Luigi Angiolini - Life in Service to Tuscany
Prokopová, Oldřiška ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Klusáková, Luďa (referee)
This bachelor's thesis presents in a chronological order, the life of a Tuscan aristocrat Luigi Angiolini (1750-1821). He was a writer, traveller and diplomat, active in the period of the Habsburg reforms, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic rule, and the restoration in Italy. Based on the available literature and sources, this thesis maps Angiolini's youth, his journey to England and Scotland, his diplomatic career in Paris in the service of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, as well as his final years spent in the countryside with his family. Angiolini's varied life and his openness to modern ideas allow for conceiving this protagonist as a typical man of his times, while on the basis of his interests and activities simultaneously elucidating the entire historical period in a wider context.
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Honour and virtue in signo temporis. On examples of female figures in G. E. Lessings's, F. Hebbel's and A. Schnitzler's works.
Poláčková, Zuzana ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Weinberg, Manfred (referee)
The subject of this thesis was virtue and honour in signo temporis. It means that I've tried to focus on the concept of virtue and honour in a certain time period. I have chosen three different literary periods and three works as their representatives. It was the bourgeois tragedy "Emilia Galotti" by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, as the representative of the Enlightenment. For the first half of the 19th century I've chosen also a bourgeois tragedy "Maria Magdalena" by Friedrich Hebbel. And as the third example I analysed the novella "Fräulein Else" by Arthur Schnitzler. All of the three heroines are daugthers, who are strongly influenced by this fact. All of them find a tragic end. Two of them commit suicide and one persuades her own father to kill her. The fathers are also an important part of the plot, because their largely contribute to death of their daughters. Emilia in "Emilia Galotti" is stabbed by her own father, after she persuades him to kill her, because she is afraid of losing her virtue, which is at that times related with religion and identified with chastity. In the first half of the 19th century the religious aspect was still a part of the concept of virtue and honour. But the honour was now perceived more in the way of reputation. Klara in "Maria Magdalena", who lost her virtue by...
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Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels
Pokšteflová, Marie ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee)
My diploma thesis called Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels aims to analyse the theme of happiness in prose works Micromegas, L'Ingénu, Zadig and Candide. The analysis is preceded by an introduction showing the evolution of the theme of happiness through different historical periods. This theoretical part is also followed by a definition of philosophical novel as a typical Voltaire's way of expressing his philosophical thoughts. The analysis itself underlines common points of view found in the novels which all describe a world full of evil, disasters and misfortune. Good and honest heroes enter into this bad world and they struggle to find their place in the sun. Their nice personalities present a big contrast to the merciless world which surrounds them. The analysed examples from novels highlight major problems in Voltaire's time but a lot of parallels are found in today's world. I systematically pay attention to these parallels throughout the diploma. The analysis leads to the description of incorrigibly bad world, where only small islands of happiness can be found represented by friendship and love. We can only deal with such a life thanks to a meaningful activity which can make it bearable. The philosopher's approach to the theme which still captures people's attention is evaluated in the...
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The Concept of Autonomy : (conditions of modern subjectivity and historicity of the concept of law)
Janoščík, Václav ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
of the diploma thesis Janoščík Václav The Concept of Autonomy (Conditions of modern subjectivity, of the concept of law and of historicity) Submitted thesis aims at articulation of the concept of autonomy in its complexity. At first it pursues specific contexts of the notion to arrive at its structure. At first we try to explore prospective of analytical philosophy of law to situate the concept of autonomy to the heart of the idea of law. This efforts unfolds itself by an unorthodox interpretation of natural right theory of Herbert Hart's early work. Second chapter discusses the framework of the philosophy of history, that are based on the idea of an autonomous subject. Seemingly paradoxical linkage of Heidegger's fundamental ontology and Kosík's dialectics of the particular articulates the historical function of the autonomy. Next chapter connects Kosík with Cornelius Castoriadis in the perspective of social theories. Also in their normative core we can identify our notion of autonomy. Fourth chapter follows the theory of disenchantment of the world of Marcel Gauchet. We reformulate it as a realization of the ideal of autonomous subject in order to contextualize the concept historically. Last topic of the first part is the framework of the intellectual history. Here we situate Dieter Henrich and...
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Greek and Roman traditions in Architecture of Chateau Kačina
Matys, Marián ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor) ; Bažant, Jan (referee)
The subject of this paper is the study of history of the Kačina Chateau from the point of view of its inspiration from the art and architecture of the ancient world. The introductory chapters were dedicated to the general atmosphere of the time in which the castle was designed and built, the general ideas of the Enlightenment, and also to its relations to Count Chotek. There is an unresolved problem whether its relations to Classical antiquity monuments existed directly, or if they were mediated by other sources. While working on the theme it turned out that the foundation of Kačina Chateau derived from earlier models that were developed during centuries. The work of Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was of substantial importance for all Classicist architecture and especially the architects of the Renaissance knew it very well and used it frequently. For the architecture of Kačina Chateau the most important stimuli were those of Andreas Palladio who transformed earlier patterns according to his own artistic views. One of the following chapters concentrates on the personality of the owner of the estate, the Count Jan Rudolf Chotek, and then on the architects and builders of the castle. Following chapters are dedicated to the description of the castle, of its exterior, the segmentation of its interior...
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The origins of catholic political thought in life work of V. S. Štulc
Záškoda, Miloslav ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Klementová, Eliška (referee)
The subject of this paper is the public role of the Catholic priest in the Czech national society of the 19th century, when the Catholic Church lost its ideological and influential position and when it had to face the process of secularization. The situation of the Catholic Church had changed radically as it became only one of many different cultural or political entities in that century and had to find new means of how to influence opinions of the people. This essay discusses the life and work of Václav Štulc (1814 - 1887), a Czech Catholic priest and an enthusiastic patriot. It describes three fundamental tendencies in his political thought. The first tendency in his work is associated with his role of representative of the Catholic Church and with his emphasizing the importance of religious values for the common good of society. Štulc's conservatism is based on very sharp criticism of the Enlightenment, revolutionary violence and the enlightened rule of Emperor Joseph II. Štulc urges all social classes to respect the basic laws and to maintain public order. Secondly, Štulc often refers to the relationship of the religious and national identities. Štulc is trying to unite the Catholic faith with the modern concept of the nation, challenging many prejudices about the Catholic Church and...
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The spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Antigone and Rameau's nephew in dialectical conflict
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
The work seeks to gain an understanding of the concept of spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. The objective will be met by means of Hegel's interpretation of Sophocles' Antigone and Diderot's Rameau's Nephew. In its most immediate form the spirit appears as an organically structured whole which Hegel identifies with the Greek ethical substance. Superficially this substance is conceived as a harmonious organism; in reality - as Antigone's and Creon's paradigmatic conflict shows - it is beset by inner conflicts. The once unitary and organically structured spirit decomposes into individual forms of consciousness during the Roman period and develops in further course into a subject freed from anything substantial. It is in this course of the spirit evolving into a subject that Hegel presents his interpretation of Rameau's Nephew. Rameau represents the self-negating and self-destructive spirit, who has completely identified with Antigone's and Creon's revolt and has lost the capability of accepting anything not issuing from his consciousness. The last part of the work presents the spirit as a movement seeking to encompass both of these extremes, i.e. the extreme of the substance devoid of subject as well as the extreme of subject negating the substance. In the context of the Phenomenology of...
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