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Reprezentace žen v české politice
Mráz, Tomáš ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Rádková, Adéla (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of low representation of women in political institutions in the Czech Republic. It examines this still topical problem primarily by confronting it with theories of representation, which are the main part of the thesis. In the first part, it focuses on the standard model of political representation, and tries to show several concepts that specifically focus on the states of low representation of population groups. The focus here will be on the different notions of descriptive and substantive representation, the existence of shared group perspectives and interests, and the possible division between the politics of presence and the politics of ideas. The second part will introduce the constructivist turn as a possible alternative to the standard model of political representation. It will draw here primarily on the concept of the representative claim, the closer introduction of which will attempt to expose the shortcomings of existing thinking about political representation. In the conclusion, the findings presented in the theoretical part will be confronted and connected with each other using the concrete example of the non-profit organization Forum 50%, which is dedicated to the representation of women in Czech politics. As a result, the thesis aims to...
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Agonistic pluralism and Deliberative democracy's criticism
Bučoková, Bernardeta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Těmín, Kristián (referee)
The thesis deals with theory of deliberative democracy in classic conception by Jürgen Habermas, German political philosopher and leading representative of deliberative democracy. Fist part of the thesis describes the origin, historical development and theoretical framework of mentioned theory - its principles, characteristics and components. It explains how the principles of deliberation work, which is considered as a key element of deliberative democracy. Second part of thesis tries to describe the attitude of Chantal Mouffe, Belgian political scientist and representative of radical democracy, towards deliberative democracy. It describes her criticism against the lack of pluralism, antagonism and agonism in deliberative democracy. This thesis is trying to specify these shortages in some of the chapters and subsections. Thesis's Conclusion dedicates to answer principal questions - wether is democratic decision-making a form of deliberation, therefore concession, or is it a democratic process with a form of conflict.
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Quotas in politics as a way to obtain equality between the sexes?
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Vargovčíková, Jana (referee)
The main purpose of this text is to answer a question whether quotas in politics create conditions for obtaining equality between the sexes. Women's consistent underrepresentation in legislatures constitutes a democratic deficit and quotas are suggested as a possible means of attaining women's equal participation in political decision-making. Arguments for and against quotas will be showed. Quotas are aligned with several concepts - a politics of presence, descriptive representation and differentiated citizenship. It will be also explained why the unequal distribution of the unpaid labor of the family is a major obstacle for women to gain equality in politics. It will be described what types of quotas are actually applied, what are the effects of gender quotas in terms of numbers as well as the empowerment of women and under what conditions are women politicians able to make use of their positions as elected politicians. Attention will be paid to some years of experience with the implementation of quotas in Africa, whether the inclusion of women in politics furthers democratization and interests of women. South Africa will be showed as a country in which gender quotas are applied with success. In contrast negative effects of quotas in certain political system and context will be pointed out.
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Gender politics of Great Britain during the Premiership of David Cameron and Tony Blair
Kubíková, Kateřina ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
(in English): The aim of the theses is to map the development of feminization of two main British political parties, Conservative and Labour party from the point of view of descriptive participation, i.e. women representation in the party and parliamentary structure. Incorporation of women organization into the party structure including also integration of women's concerns into the party manifesto is another topic presented in the text. Attitude towards women advancement and women enfranchisement based on the overall perception of women identity are also included. The second part of the thesis focuses on specific premiership period of Tony Blair and David Cameron with regards to the aspect of feminization mentioned above and legislative steps and their influence on life and position of women in wider society. As a part of the theses, the comparison of both terms of office, from the point of view of their attitudes towards women's issues and strategies of promoting women political participation, are involved.
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Discourse Analysis of Election Campaings of the Populist Parties in the Czech Republic
Hruška, Matouš ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
Two populist movements - ANO and Úsvit přímé demokracie - were successful in the by-election for the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Using several tools of the discourse analysis, this paper analyze the nature of their populism. We are trying to answer, how these populist movements construct their idea of the elite, people and how they understand themselves. This paper also summarize theoretical approaches to populism in the Czech context. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Left and Right-wing Populism in the USA
Kharisova, Kamilla ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Kňapová, Kateřina (referee)
(in English): Populism in the United States (US) has consistently been considered a specific third stream of US policy - from the People's Party to Ross Perot who criticized both the Republican Party,1 and the Democrats. This bachelor's thesis will examine the differences between contemporary left-wing and right-wing populism in the USA by employing the method of quantitative linguistics. The frequency of certain statements and terms used by the US presidential candidates in their speeches will be compared. Being the most recent presidential candidates, D. Trump, B. Sanders, H. Clinton, and B. Obama are selected as main comparison for this study. 1 also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party)
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Deemocracy and Sortition: Historical and Theoretical Perspective
Kubíková, Kateřina ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The thesis deals with the historical perspective of the sortition in the period of the Athenian democracy and the Italian city republics of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The thesis tries to reveal the potential of the sortition and the reasons why the sortition was used as a primary tool for choosing citizens for public offices. The objective of the thesis is to find the potential of the sortition for contemporary liberal democracy. The thesis follows two historical cases in which the sortition was viewed as a democratic (or civil) instrument that breaks personal relations and limits the power of elite groups in the society. In this sense, the sortition should help to widen the civic participation in public affairs, to provide equal and fair distribution of public offices within the society, and to prevent corruption and factionalism.
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Rationality Vs. Conflict: Radical Democracy and its Critique of Deliberative Democracy
Perović, Jovana ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Student in her thesis focuses on the work of the Belgian political theorist Chantal Mouffe and her contribution in the field of democratic theory. The first part of the thesis will examine key concepts of radical democracy: the concept of the political, antagonism, agonism, hegemony, etc. These theoretical concepts will be then applied to the current debate about the nature of democracy (with a focus on deliberative democracy). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Islamophobia and Czech public space. Reception of cartoon affair
Sláma, Vojtěch ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis will define the concept of Islamophobia on the basis of foreign and Czech literature. Starting point will be, inter alia, Pavel Barša's concept of the "new xenophobia" as well as a comparison between the historical anti-Semitism and contemporary Islamophobia by Matti Bunzl at the same time reflecting the arguments of critics of the concept, as they were presented by Robin Richardson. Following will be a discursive analysis of two Czech media resources: webportal Eurabia, which was the main representative of the Czech Islamophobic rhetoric in the period (2006) and a leading newspaper Mladá Fronta Dnes. The analysis will monitor the ways in which the Mohamed cartoons controversy was thematized, applied characteristics and means of expression. At the same time the thesis will confront the analysis to more general issues stemming from the dialogue with theoretical conceptualizations of Islamophobia: Can we define the analyzed sources' language as Islamophobic? Does Islamophobia actually falls into the definition of "new xenophobia", or is it only a successor of "old" xenophobia? Finally it will attempt to define whether and why the cartoons affairs is symptomatic for the Czech Islamophobia. Keywords islamophobia; new xenophobia; Muhammad cartoon crisis; discourse analysis
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