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Parliamentarism in the European Union
Soukup, Martin ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Pomahač, Richard (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Právnická fakulta Doktorský studijní program: Teoretické právní vědy Studijní obor: Ústavní právo Školitel: doc. JUDr. Jana Reschová, CSc. DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Parlamentarismus v Evropské unii (Parliamentarism in the European Union) JUDr. Martin Soukup Čílova 1803/2 162 00 Praha 6 Abstract European integration in the second half of the twentieth century resulted in the unique and inspiring project of the economic and political union called at first European Communities and later European Union. History of this gradual integration is accompanied by intensive professional, political and also lay discussions on nature of the European union of states and on its future. Institutional separation of powers in the Union and its legitimacy, as well as the issue of vertical separation of powers among the Union and member states have substantial influence on the Union functioning. Its own system of bodies became one of the most significant features of the Communities and later Union. It is typical for the Union bodies as distinct from the classic central bodies of state power that some of them are strongly connected with the member states. Institutional framework of the Union changed considerably after ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. One of the central and ruling bodies of the Union is the...
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The Influence of the European Parliament on Decision-making in the European Union: Case Study Services Directive
Wygrysová, Dominika ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the role of the European Parliament in decision-making process in European Union under the co-decision procedure. By using the theory of liberal integovermentalism it reflects on wheter the position of the Parliament is mainly influenced by preferences of its political groups, or whether the national interests of those backbenchers, who depending on their position in the institution are able to influence this position, also play the role. The paper focuses on the case study of the Services Directive, which during its negotiations became a subject of many changes. Most controversial issues of the draft were a scope of the Directive and newly introduced country-of-origin principle. The first part of the paper introduces different paradigms of the European integration, which could influence decision-making process. The second part presents key players of the negotiations within the Parliament. The third part itself focuses on the case study, mainly on the preferences of those key players during the development of the position of this institution. It later shows how those key players are able to assert their position in the Parliament and during the inter-institutional negotiations. The paper mainly focuses on the possibilities of those key players to promote the national...
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Programs of the European Union supporting regional interparliamentary cooperation in the region of Western Balkans as an instrument of regionalisation
Ročejdlová, Markéta ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hauser, Jan (referee)
Presented thesis Programs of the European Union of supporting regional interparliamentary cooperation in the region of Western Balkans as an instrument of regionalisation is focusing on regional parliamentary cooperation in the region of Western Balkans and programs of the European Union which are programmed to support this particular cooperation. The study is framed in the theory of new regionalism and the approach of socialization in international relations, which both offer in the case of European integration explanation of why regionalization takes place. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question whether the European Union is successful in its support of regionalization via regional parliamentary cooperation. Meaning if the mechanism of socialization chosen by the Union is effective and if institutional capacities of the national parliament in the region to conclude this cooperation are being built either via direct engagement with the Union, or via indirect way by engaging with regional initiatives active in regional parliamentary cooperation such as Regional Cooperation Council, COSAP and Cetinje Parliamentary Forum. By analyzing the mechanism of socialization and the environment in which the socialization takes place the thesis identifies if, and how much is the European Union able to...
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Human Rights in Free Trade Agreement between the EU, Colombia and Peru
Prošková, Barbora ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This paper focuses on the role of the human rights in the European Parliament decision process. It was created as reaction to blame the European Parliament for not considering the human rights when voting for Free Trade Agreement between the EU and Colombia and Peru. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the European parliament is the protector of human rights in the world or not. An in- depth examination of the Trade Agreement itself, level of democracy in both countries, actions taken by European Parliament and an extensive discourse analysis proves that the European parliament is the protector of human rights. Part of the paper is also devoted to the question of readiness of the Parliament to get involved and to intervene in case that the democratic situation in Colombia or Peru gets worse. Key words: European Union, Colombia, Peru, European Trade policy, Free Trade Agreement, European Parliament, Human Rights
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Internal structure of Europarties since 2004
Kuznická, Anna ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rovná, Lenka (referee)
Presented thesis is focusing on the dependence and relationship between Europarties and groups of the European Parliament and Europarties and national parties. The research is carried out on five Europarties: European People's Party (EPP), the Social Democratic Party (PES), the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), the European Green Party (EGP) and the Party of the European Left (PEL) in the period 2004-2013 and it focuses on three areas: Europarties' financing, its leadership and autonomy in decision making. It presents several conclusions. Since 2004 Europarties became independent on the EP groups and more independent on the national parties in the area of financing in connection with the Regulation No. 2004/2003 regulating financing while their resources have been growing. On the other hand, all three organizational structures are still involved in the decision making as is shown on the example of nominations and subsequent elections of the so-called Spitzenkandidaten (candidates for the President of the European Commission) and the hierarchy within the European party families is similar to the hierarchy of its member parties. Presented thesis also highlights the considerable personal connections between EP groups and the top positions in the Europarties and it underlines...
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Electoral system for European Parliament
Svobodová, Tereza ; Zemánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee)
Members of the European Parliament are chosen according to 28 different election systems. The European Union determines only few basic rules, which are concretised by member states in their law systems. Diploma thesis "Election system of European Parliament" deals with similarities and differences between these regulations in order to show inequality of European elections. In the second part of this thesis the author compares a partial aspect of the election system, election threshold in Germany and in the Czech Republic. While the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany invalidated firstly the five-percent-threshold and then even the three-percent-threshold because of its contradiction to Basic Law, the Czech Constitutional Court confirmed it as constitutional afterwards. Both courts judicated that it is a violation of election equality but in the opinion of the Czech one fragmentation of the Parliament would hinder its work with such intensity that election threshold preventing from this fragmentation is justifiable. The judgements are compared and their argumentations analysed if reasonable. This thesis comes to the conclusion, that considered the current state and predictable development election threshold has its justification. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Legal issues of establishing European political parties
Skalická, Pavlína ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to define the European political parties. The thesis has been divided into five chapters, which are further subdivided. The reason why I have chosen this topic is quite simple - to analyse the current status of the European political parties and introduce them to wider audience not to be confused anymore with political groups in the European Parliament. In the first chapter the thesis brings a brief definition of the legal constitution of political groups in the European Parliament. For many years there has been confusion between the concept of a European political party and political group, so the thesis defines the political groups and its position in the European Parliament in order to create a basis for their differentiation from the European political parties. The second chapter is devoted to create a definition of the European political party and to bring the legal regulation of the European political parties. The thesis focuses also on the variability of their legal base in the treaties of the European Union (legal base before the Treaty of Lisbon, legal base in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe and legal base in the Treaty of Lisbon). The third chapter is dedicated to legal issues of the European political parties. Emphasis was put on...
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The Activity of European Peoples Party in The European Parliament. The Challanges and The Perspectives
Málek, Jan ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Škrábalová, Lenka (referee)
Text of the thesis focuses on the activity of the Group of the European People's Party in the European Parliament. It focuses on this issue from three different perspectives. The first perspective presents a theoretical approach on the concept of europarty as transnational political actor that has developed on the basis of the development of the European integration and the development of the European institutions. The second perspective focuses on the work of the European People's Party, as a classic example transnational European party structure. It refers to its historical development and formation in the context of strengthening the position of the European Parliament. It also encompasses the Group of the European People's Party and its influence in the European Parliament in historical perspective. At the same time reveals the inner structure, program policies and operation mechanism of this parliamentary faction. The third perspective focuses on the analysis of the cohesion of the Group of the European People's Party in the seventh term of the European Parliament. The group cohesion is viewed as one of the main characters determining the strength and importance of the parliamentary factions. The analysis is based on the theoretical assumptions of British political scientist Simon Hix. In...
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Legislative Process in the European Union: European Citizens' Initiative
Houda, Ondřej ; Knutelská, Viera (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
This thesis is embedded in the theoretical approach of multilevel governance and presumption of the rational behaviour of actors. Using the method of process tracing it aims to uncover the legislative process in the European Union. It is a single case study and as a case was chosen the negotiation of the regulation of the citizens' initiative. Various actors were involved in the negotiations, this thesis focuses on the main one - European Commission, European Parliament, the Council, interest organisations and national parliaments. The thesis presumed, that all actors will try to push through their interests based on their rational choice. This presumption was verified, although the success rate of the players varied a lot. As the most successful should be considered the European Parliament, who defended the interests of the individuals and the Council, which apparently represented the interests of the governments of the member states (especially in the issues of lowering the bureaucratic burden). The interest organisations showed their positions clearly, however the Commission did not take their positions much into account while preparing the draft regulation. The position of the national parliaments was different then presumed. Although the thesis expected them to be directly involved in the...
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