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The competence of arbitrators for deciding property disputes (from the perspective of their independence and impartiality)
Ryšavý, Lukáš ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
The main focus of this doctoral thesis is arbitration; the phenomenon of not only an out- of-court dispute resolution but also international commercial relations. Arbitration is a modern legal institute that is regarded as an equivalent alternative to court proceedings. Independence and impartiality of the arbitrator are very important and at the same time very problematic aspects of arbitration. These two principals accompany the arbitration since the beginning of the modern era of this institution and they are still perceived as essential criteria of the arbitration. Independent and impartial decision-makers are an integral part of the right to a fair trial enshrined in Art. 36 subsection 1 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and Art. 6 subsection 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Although such legislation refers to the court in terms of a state court, in the course of this thesis was demonstrated that these attributes are also applicable to arbitrators, even though they must be interpreted in arbitration proceedings with respect to the characteristics of arbitration. Due to the fact that resolving disputes in this way is the most common approach in international trade, the main focus of this thesis is to depict the issues of independence and impartiality in relation of...
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Signiíficance of the moderator and television studio backround in TV show otázky Václava Moravce
Chrenčík, Roman ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Wolák, Radim (referee)
This thesis is focused on analysis of political television show Otázky Václava Moravce. It is particularly focused on the period one year before and one year after the territorial change of the broadcasting studio which occured in the summer 2015. Firstly, through a quantitative analysis the change in the guest composition of the show is examined. Using the method of qualitative analysis it consequently captures fundamental semiotical elements of the studio and describes the role of the moderator in broadcasting. It also deals with moderator's rhetoric and the way in which his bias is expressed. The thesis sets out influences affecting final media release, among others socially-political background of the guests and influence of the studio and the moderator. Its aim is a comparison of these influences and possible explanation of the change that occured in the show Otázky Václava Moravce.
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Bias of Czech media: the image of Radovan Krejčíř and his activities in the contemporary press
Němeček, Jan ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
Bachelor thesis Bias of Czech media: the image of Radovan Krejčíř and his activities in the contemporary press analyzes how chosen media informed about events during the escape of Radovan Krejčíř from the Czech Republic in 2005. The quantitative analysis aims to reveal potential journalism methods and working procedures, that could cause, at the end, bias on public. Theoretical part of these thesis focuses on defining the term bias and specifies defined terms, which this study contains. Theoretical concepts kinds of bias are introduced and monitored press is defined. Practical part of this study draws information form monitored periodicals in defined time table and emphasizes on following comparation of analyzed data. The main aim of this study is to find out, how media worked with information and confirm or refute potential bias.
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Cognitive errors in mass media communication
Zíka, Vojtěch ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Hladík, Radim (referee)
This work is based on an assumption that human decision-making process is following several approximate rules (heuristics) that causes predictable and systematic errors in judgement (cognitive biases). Although this stand point is typical for fields like behavioural economics or behavioural law and economics, there is no reason to not apply this logic also on other discipline like a mass media communication studies. This work offers an analysis of the information market where supply side is represented by producers of information (e.g. media organizations) and demand side is represented by consumers of those information (audience). The analysis is focused on factors that cause perceived description of a particular event can vastly differ from this event. One of those cognitive biases which cause different perception of the same media content is called hostile media effect. In respect to this effect, sympathizers with a socially controversial topic tend to perceive information in the mass media as hostile to their own opinion. Previous research concluded that hostile perception is mainly caused by a reach of information which is explained by the selective categorization - although individuals with different worldview can see the same content, they perceive it with a different valence. The valence of the...
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Selected examples of institutionalized journalistic support (endorsement) before the elections in the Czech Republic after 1989
Leichterová, Jana ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Trunečková, Ludmila (referee)
Author: Jana Leichterová Name of the thesis: Selected examples of institutionalized journalistic support (endorsement) before the elections in the Czech Republic after 1989 Abstract Endorsement as a form of media support for a specific political actor is a traditional part of a media sphere in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, especially in a period preceding important elections. In the Czech Republic, this concept is generally considered to be new. The main aim of this thesis is to establish the concept of endorsement within the context of Czech media. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on the theory of media bias by Denis McQuail and his typology of this concept, supplemented by the current work of John Street, Elizabeth Dwoskin, Bernard Keane and more. The thesis gives a concise idea of the history of endorsement and media support, especially in Europe with a special focus on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis consists of the author's own research. The author examined the media coverage of three elections with the aim of a trend analysis during the time. That is why the elections into the Chamber of Deputies in 1996 and 2006 and the presidential election in 2013 were selected. The research was conducted with a usage of a content...
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Satisficing Detection in online Research in the Czech Republic within online Panel Recruitment
Königová, Martina ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with detection of satisficing caused by not reading the instruction below a question in the online survey in the Czech Republic. First, the issues of online survey is introduced from the theoretical point of view and cognitive aspects of the proces of creating a response to survey questions is described. Further, the term satisficing is explained, including its sources, forms and ways of measurement, and surveys and studies focused on satisficing detection are presented, including Instructional manipulation checks method which is crucial for the practical part of this thesis. Based on previously executed studies, the author designs hypotheses about the presence of satisficing in the online survey in the Czech Republic, and about the effect of respondent's socio-demographic and other factual characteristics; these hypotheses are subsequently verified using data from the conducted quantitative survey. The research results reveal considerable presence of satisficing caused by not reading the instruction below a question in the online survey. Furthermore, the impact of some socio-demographic and factul characteristics on the total amount of incorrectly answered control IMCs was proved. Building a model used to predict the probability with which the respondent will engage in...
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Analysis of Missing Data: Comparing Performance of Traditional Methods across Mechanisms
Petrúšek, Ivan ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate different methods of dealing with missing values in data analysis. The thesis is divided into three major chapters. The first chapter summarizes the theoretical literature on missing data and focuses on missing data mechanisms in particular. The second chapter introduces traditional methods for addressing missing data in sociological research. The third chapter assesses the performance of these methods by analyzing simulated data sets for two variables (income, IQ). For practical analysis (chapter 3), we simulated missing data according to three different mechanisms (MCAR, MAR, NMAR) and varied the proportion of missing values under these mechanisms (10%, 20%, 30%). Then, we applied each of the following four methods of addressing missing values: complete-case analysis, arithmetic mean imputation, regression imputation, and stochastic regression imputation. In order to evaluate the performance of each of these methods we performed correlation and regression analyses for each experimental condition. The results of these simulations are largely in agreement with existing theoretical literature on the subject of missing data. In the case of NMAR, all solution methods provided biased parameter estimates. In the case of MCAR, only complete-case analysis and...
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The electoral bias in the electoral system to the Chamber of deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Blaha, Aleš ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
This diploma thesis opens a new deep insight into the issue of electoral systems in Czech and Central European political science. The mid-point of this research is the electoral bias in the electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The electoral bias is researched on all general elections from 1996 until 2013. To find out the electoral bias I apply mathematical method created and used by professor Galina Borisyuk from University of Plymouth. This method is based on several mathematical methods used by the American and the British political scientists for decades. However, the new method created by Galina Borisyuk is the most convenient for many reasons. Mainly this method isn't necessarily connected with plurality majority system, which was essential variable so far. Second key attribute of this method is the possibility to apply it on the three party systems, which is important variable for our political system in the Czech Republic as well. In analytical part of this research I apply the new mathematical method in all elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Ascertained results are analysed in the conclusion together that I have set the feasible ways to develop a new path the research of bias in the future.
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Attitude of czech daily press Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta Dnes a Právo to direct election of the president of the Czech republic
Kottová, Anna ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
My thesis named "Attitude of Czech dailies Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo to the first direct Czech presidential election" should confirm or disprove the bias of the three Czech newspapers in the period between the first and the second round of the direct presidential election. The first part of thesis focuses on selected chapters of media, linguistic and semiotic theories regarding bias. It also discusses the process of direct elections and CVs of Karel Schwarzenberg and Miloš Zeman. At first, I used quantitative analysis to determine if the newspapers were balanced and provide comparable space to the both candidates. Then I applied the qualitative analysis to find out what language and semiotic components used the authors from newspapers to inform the public about the candidates of the second round of direct elections. Depending on the findings, I divide the articles into positive, neutral, negative categories for Karel Schwarzenberg and positive, neutral, negative for Miloš Zeman. After the victory of Miloš Zeman the bias was discussed. This thesis should answer the question of whether the three Czech newspapers were biased in favour of Karel Schwarzenberg or Miloš Zeman between the first and the second round of the first direct Czech presidential election.
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