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The American Media System and Political Parallelism: From Internal to External Pluralism
Charvát, Šimon ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the changing media system in the United States. Previously, the U.S. media system was seen as having the highest quality of journalism and its journalists as the greatest professionals. Due to the innovation of technology and increasing commercialization, the American media system is undergoing a major transformation. Part of this transformation is the transition from a media model of internal pluralism to one of external pluralism. In recent decades, the private American media, which were characterised by their impartiality and political balance, have begun to take committed positions and to side with political affiliations. Through a research of media science and political communication theories, followed by a structured synthesis, this paper aims to answer the question of why, when, and for what partial reasons this transformation occurred. This thesis will first describe the systems understanding of democracy and the integral role of the media system within it, place the American media system in historical context, and introduce the reader to theoretical models of media systems. It will describe aspects of the media system such as political parallelism and commercialization and then offer possible reasons behind this transformation. This work can serve as a...
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Journalists' approach to representing female politicians in the media
Kvitová, Alžběta ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on gender aspects of the journalistic profession and their professional discourse. Specifically, it focuses on how people in the media approach representations of female politicians. Women in politics are gender stereotyped in the media, and they also tend to be portrayed differently and in different contexts compared to male politicians. This is manifested, for example, by the fact that people in the media pay more attention to the private lives of female politicians, focusing more on their physical appearance or their age. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate how these different representations of women in politics may be contributed to by journalists themselves. As part of the research part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven female and male journalists working in different Czech media. The collected data were analysed qualitatively using the grounded theory method. The research shows that journalists attach low importance to gender in political reporting. Therefore, the gender of female and male politicians does not influence the way they themselves are reported in the media. However, the results of the analysis suggest that they view society through the lens of a gender dichotomy and also think of female politicians in gender stereotyped...
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Depiction of side effects of Covid-19 vaccines in Czech television news
Zelbová, Judita ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on how the side effects of vaccination against covid-19 were presented by media during the pandemic. The aim was to find out how the side effects were reported by Czech national television stations in their evening news programmes, what were the differences in presentation between the stations and which experts were invited to comment on the topic. The thesis primarily uses qualitative content analysis and to a lesser degree quantitative content analysis. The thesis shows that three of the four TV stations studied (ČT1, Nova and Prima) approached the presentation of the topic in a very similar way conceptually, TV Barrandov being quite different in this respect. All TV stations presented side effects on the basis of substantiated data, with an emphasis on information obtained from relevant organisations (European Medicines Agency, Czech State Institute for Drug Control) and experts (mostly epidemiologists, immunologists and physicians of various specialties). Contrary to the expectation, the coverage of the side-effects proved to be relatively marginal and only became notable in the spring of 2021, when a larger number of adverse reactions occurred with the AstraZeneca vaccine.
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Meanings of the word populism and their changes in czech political debate 2013-2021
Staněk, Jan ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The thesis "The Meanings of the Word Populism and Their Transformations in the Czech Political Debate 2013-2021" deals with how the term populism and its derivatives were portrayed in the Czech media between 2013 and 2021, with a focus on the periods of political campaigns before the elections to the Czech Chamber of Deputies. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the main concepts addressed by contemporary academic research on this phenomenon are summarized, including the theory of populism as a thin ideology, political discourse, and socio-cultural phenomenon. Furthermore, the contemporary context of the examined period is presented, including the main political actors, the course of election campaigns, and the topics that appeared in the political and media debate during the investigated period. The methodological part introduces the research method used, which is Berelson's content quantitative analysis, and outlines its basic limitations. The practical part first presents the research itself and its parameters, including predetermined hypotheses and research questions it works with. Subsequently, the results are presented, confronted with the hypotheses, and an answer to the research question is sought. Among the main findings of the practical part of the thesis is the revelation of a...
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Framing of mental illness in selected Czech media
Lacinová, Kristýna ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the framing of mental illness in the Czech media. It defines the concept of framing and presents the characteristics, process and effects of framing. Simultaneously, the thesis discusses the concept of mental illness and its categorisation in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The focus is on the state of mental illness in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, prominent research papers dealing with the framing of mental illness are presented. The aim of the quantitative content analysis of this thesis is to find out how Czech daily newspapers framed mental illness in the years 2018, 2020, 2022. The analysis focuses on which illnesses are mentioned, how the mentally ill are presented, how the media frame the causes and solutions of mental illness, and which sources journalists quote. The results show that stigmatising stories are the most common and that journalists tend to use episodic framing. The most cited illnesses were depression and drug addiction, and very often journalists did not specify the exact diagnosis at all.
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Framing the Cyprus Conflict in the Czech Media
Němcová, Linda ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the framing of the Cyprus conflict in Czech print newspapers from the perspective of peace journalism. The aim of this thesis is to examine the journalistic tendencies that are applied in the selection and processing of events related to the Cyprus conflict in the Czech media. Not only the main topics that are preferred by the media in their coverage in this context are monitored, but also the way in which the various actors in the conflict are presented and the ratio of representation of official and unofficial sources of quotations. The theoretical part of this thesis explains the concept of framing, its relation to media agenda setting theory, the framing process and the typology of frames. It also introduces the concept of peace journalism in contrast to war journalism. At the same time, this chapter offers an overview of the origins and development of the Cyprus conflict up to its current form. The last subchapter of this section is devoted to selected foreign research on framing the Cyprus conflict, especially its findings and sets of frames. These are used in a quantitative content analysis focusing on the occurrence of these predefined frames in Czech print newspapers. In the interpretation of the results, the correspondences or differences with these studies are...
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Analysis of political communication on social networks during the election of the president of the Czech Republic in 2023
Helmich, Daniel ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the political communication of selected candidates for the office of the President of the Czech Republic at the end of the pre-election period on the social networks Facebook and Twitter. The selected candidates include Danuše Nerudová, Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel, who had the highest electoral potential at the end of the election. The thesis aims to describe and analyse their political communication on social networks, with the analysis of personalisation and negative political communication in the posts being the core themes of the thesis. In the theoretical part, personalisation and negative political communication are set in a broader framework of knowledge, based on the development of political communication and its current trends. Based on the results of the thesis, the ways of conducting political communication of selected candidates are further compared in relation to the thematic focus of the analysis. A quantitative content analysis of the selected social networks of the three political candidates was determined for this research, which provides answers to the set research questions and hypotheses.
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COVID-19 pandemic in selected Ukrainian media
Kruhlova, Olena ; Miessler, Jan (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
Master's Thesis COVID-19 pandemic in selected Ukrainian media gives an overview of the Ukrainian media system with a focus on media ownership and its outcome in the end publications. By choosing three different types of ownership: privately owned media, pro- governmental media and opposition-owned media, we took a look at how the media published articles about COVID-19 at the very beginning of the pandemic. The methodological basis of this work was framing research, which is meant to uncover trends and the ways in which information about the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is presented through the analysis of headlines in the chosen online media sources. The results of the framing research revealed that the frames are indeed present in the materials of the chosen media sources at the beginning of the pandemic. The representation of the frames was discovered to be different from the initial assumptions. The main discoveries revealed how privately owned media are more prone to fearmongering and hope frames, while the politically connected media were statistically less prone to publish anything politically coloured. The results of the study highlight the importance of media responsibilities during the time of medical crisis and how the general public must be critically aware of the dangers of...
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Content analysis of Czech Television broadcasting before the Czech Parliamentary Elections 2021
März, Michäel ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of compliance with the principles of objectivity in the broadcasting of Czech Television, namely its news program Události and a series of pre- election debates in the period of one month before the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic in autumn 2021. The research was carried out using the method of quantitative content analysis, the subject of which was the speeches of representatives of the candidate movements and parties, specifically their frequency and length across the both analyzed programs. The analysis was also interested in the presence of politicians' evaluations in the speeches of members of the Czech Television staff, the valence of the questions asked within the debates, the speeches of external speakers within the Události, but also thematic programs. and the space associated with them, which was provided to the individual candidate subjects in the monitored broadcast sample for expression.
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Crisis exploitation coverage: Comparative analysis of 2 unprecedented crises
Strnadová, Kristýna ; Miessler, Jan (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the phenomenon of media exploitation of crisis events in selected Czech media, using the media crisis exploitation theory as a conceptual framework. Using the examples of two unprecedented crises, the Covid-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic and the ammonium nitrate explosion in Lebanon, this study analyses the diversion of two Czech media outlets, BLESK and Mladá fronta DNES, from journalistic norms and standards across four dimensions: journalistic style, framing of the crisis, the balance of political sources, and tone of reporting. The selected media failed to provide journalistic standards in times of crisis as the study proved a substantial deviation from these standards, with a predominance of descriptive journalistic style using issue-framing when constructing the crisis image, unbalanced use of political actors as sources of information favoring the governmental parties, and lacking the critical point of view on the political leaders portraying them in neutral or positive tone. The analysis also reveals that there was a greater shift from journalistic standards in the case of the Covid-19 pandemic and in the case of the tabloid BLESK. Overall, the study underscores the active role that media organizations play in creating possibilities for media crisis...
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