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Family economics in Sweden
Wdowyczynová, Lucie ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
The Swedish form of the welfare state has a long history and is known especially for its generous social policy financed mainly from exceptionally high tax levies. At the beginning the Bachelor Thesis Family economics in Sweden shows the general relation between family and economics, and then it focuses on family policy in Sweden and puts it into the context of the development and the present form of the welfare state. It also explores the important sub-components of the Swedish system, which affect family policy and other family trends. The work among other things illustrates how high fertility combined with high rates of labour market participation and knowledge-based economy can be supported in Europe. At the same time, however, it stresses that the differences in social policy in various European countries are caused by many cultural, social and economic factors, and therefore their mutual comparison and unification is limited. Yet, while considering new reforms, we can at least learn from experience of other countries or take them as an example. This thesis also highlights the disadvantages of the Swedish model.
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Equality of rights between men and women in international law
Dibová, Iveta ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Bayerová, Monika (referee)
The main purpose of the paper is to present an analysis of instruments and to contribute to the historical- logical interpretation of the issues of equality of men and women, with an emphasis on the analysis of the most important problems associated with implementation of the international standards. The analysis of the legal documents pertaining to the prohibition of discrimination has also been carried out with regard to the historical development of women's issues as a part of a social process. The history of treaty documents after World War II when the protection of women and prohibition of gender-based discrimination was laid down in both universal and regional treaties; and the examination extends up until the current versions of more than 30 conventions focused on women's issues. The initial examination of this topic is contained in Part I of this paper, which deals with the evolution of the principle of equality from the times when gender relations were formed up to international regulation and which analyses the legal documents pertaining to the prohibition of discrimination in the sphere of the UN. Part II is concerned with the history of equality and the prohibition of discrimination in both European systems; this is followed by Part III with a focus on equality and the prohibition of...
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The conception of multiple discrimination in the legal regulation of the European Union
Tóthová, Tímea ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Koldinská, Kristina (referee)
Resumé The conception of multiple discrimination in the legal regulation of the European Union To ensure the equality of individuals in society is one of the most marvelous human ideals. It is generally admitted that the same treatment of people with regard to the acceptance of diversity and between-group differences should be the cornerstone of any modern society. However, is it possible to achieve full equality in society? And what does equality truely mean? Treating everyone in the same way or taking into account the different starting points of individuals? Nowadays we become witnesses that the initial large openness to multiculturalism related to the continuing process of globalization is replaced by a more cautious approach to the different minority groups. As a result, certain groups are exposed to a greater risk of disadvantage mainly due to a combination of different socio-cultural, ethnic, economic and other factors. The aim of my essay is to shed light on the question of equal treatment and non- discrimination law through the relatively new, but in Czech and Central European literature still rarely discussed concept of multiple discrimination. After highlighting the definition of discrimination, the various approaches to equality and other theoretical aspects of discrimination, I am also trying...
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Reflections on the gospels from the perspective of selected texts of feminist theology
Majerová, Kateřina ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The master thesis Reflection of gospels from the view of choosen feminist theological texts is situated do the context of christian feminist theology, specifically in the framework of feminist theology of liberation. It's focused especially on the texts of feministic protestant theologists Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, mainly on texts which are related to the choosen parts of the gospels. The theoretical part is aimed especially on the theoretical and methodological basics which includes besides others the major concepts of feminist theories of gender stereotypes and the sex-gender system. The attention is also paid to the concepts of feminist theology with main focus to the thesis of relatedness and mutuality exercised in the field of exegesis of Biblical texts, anthropology nad christology. In this part of thesis is also mentioned the biographical context of the canonical gospels origin including its follow-up interpretation by the prism of texts written by feminist-theological authors mentioned above. The analytical part of the thesis is aimed on two concrete moments of gospels and their interpretation through the texts of Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, considering the theoretical and methodological basis. Through the gender focused method of qualitative content analysis is subsequently...
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Gender quotas in politics
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The main claim of my thesis is that demand of higher representation of women in politics and calling for quotas are legitimate. This claim is based on theoretical framework of descriptive and group representation. Essentialism is rejected in the line of reasoning in favour of more women in politics. Instead, current disadvantage of women and social and institutional barriers are pointed out. Although there are no common women's interestes, equality issues are predominantly placed on the political agenda by female politicians. Besides gender stereotypes the biggest obstacle for women in politics are their own political parties because they nominate few women and they do not place them at the top of candidate lists. Civic Democratic Party before election to Chamber of Deputies in 2013 was an example of the concept glass cliff when women get to leadership positions in the context of crisis. Quotas are based on mistrust of gradual development. Efficiency of quotas depends on how many political parties use them and in which position in parlament these parties are. The order of candidates on the ballots is also important. Nowadays there is a proposal of legislative quotas which would be obligatory for all political parties.
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Principles of the tax justice
Huspeková, Marie ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
This thesis is an interdisciplinary perspective on the issue of fair distribution of the tax burden. Taxes are assessed in terms of its purpose, which is to establish resources for the payment of government spending . Attention is focused on the moral and ethical aspects of the impact of the tax burden in human behavior and decision making. The work is divided into four chapters . The first chapter is devoted to human beings , its behavior and decision-making capabilities and comprehensive view of human individuality. One is set in the perspective of living and farming. The second chapter contains a brief look at the concepts of justice , focusing on the relationship between justice and ethical values selected . In the third chapter, the evaluation of the structure of the tax system and individual taxation, with a focus on tax fairness in economic sense . The fourth chapter is devoted to some aspects of international taxation. In conclusion, the thesis are evaluated conflicts tax fairness with other values .
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The proportionality of punishment with regard to the wealth of the offender
Drápal, Jakub ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
The proportionality of punishment with regard to the wealth of an offender Master's Thesis Jakub Drápal Summary This thesis's main question is whether or not pecuniary punishments should be proportionate to the wealth of an offender. In the beginning the philosophical aspects and opinions of Law and Economics are examined. Jurisprudence of Czech Constitutional Court is discussed as administrative and penal law with their respective jurisdictions, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court. Private and supranational law is also considered. The practical part of the thesis is composed of an analysis of the way how are pecuniary punishments in the form of day fines set at two Czech courts. The outcome is that the concept of day fines is not applied in the Czech Republic and is not accepted by the judges. Even though richer offenders get higher sentences than the poorer ones, in proportion to the punishment the richer receive much lesser sentence. To sum-up the findings, it is not possible today to give a unequivocal answer to the key question, whether pecuniary punishment should be proportionate to the wealth of an offender. It is possible in several areas of law, as it is possible to often choose, whether or not it is effective. General and abstract question however has to be left...
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Discrimination on the grounds of sex and its prohibition
Novotná, Miroslava ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Štefko, Martin (referee)
Resume v Aj The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the issue of gender discrimination in labor relations and its prohibition, enumerate the ways of legislation and compare legislation with the actual situation in the society. The thesis is composed of two parts divided into nine chapters, each of them dealing with diferent aspects of the issue in question. The first part is a sort of general parts, including introduction, historical development and sources of law. The second part, which could also be called special parts, then contains individual aspects of the right to equal treatment, demonstrated in specific cases, particularly judgments of the European Court of Justice. The first and second chapter deal with the history and development of anti- discrimination issues and define the basic concepts. The third and fourth chapter lists and describes the regulation of sex discrimination in international legal documents and documents of the European Union. The first part ends with the fifth chapter describing how legal constitution of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex in the Czech Republic and then comparing it with the real situation in society. The second part consists of six to nine chapters, the first of which contains a short introduction defining the judicial authorities of...
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Thomas versus Hill and Kavanaugh versus Ford: Shifts in the cases' media framing by the The New York Times
Zlesák, Ondřej ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
Způsob nebo způsoby, jak média zachycují jednotlivce nebo události je označováno jako rámování. Ten představuje vykreslení situace pro veřejnost, která jej přijme nebo odmítne. Jde tak o určité aspekty vnímané reality a jejich zdůrazňování. V této práci byla provedena obsahová analýza článků prezentovaných jedním z nejvyhlášenějších amerických deníků - The New York Times - v kauzách jmenování kandidátů na soudce Nejvyššího soudu v USA - Clarence Thomase a Bretta Kavanaugha a jejich čelení obviněním ze sexuálního obtěžování podaných Anitou Hillovou a Christinou Fordovou. Cílem této analýzy bylo zjištění mediálního rámce u obou kauz s odstupem času tak, jak je právě prezentoval deník The New York Times. Právě čas je zde faktorem určité proměny ve vytváření rámců k dané problematice, avšak ne zcela ve všech aspektech. Postup a protokol při vyšetřování v rámci obvinění ze sexuálního zneužívání v USA stále chybí. Abstract The way or ways the media captures individuals or events are referred as framing. This is a depiction of the situation for the public who accepts or rejects it. These are certain aspects of perceived reality and their emphasis. In this work, a content analysis of articles presented by one of the most famous American dailies - The New York Times - in the cases of appointing candidates...
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Analysis of Roma integration in the Czech Republic using the theory of social construction of target populations
Tuzar, Vojtěch ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Kohoutek, Jan (referee)
The master thesis deals with public policies in the area of Roma minority inclusion in the modern history of the Czech Republic after 1989. The main objective of the thesis is to identify, by applying the theory of social construction of target populations, the form of state intervention in solviing the exclusion of the Roma minority from society. And then to find out what influence the social construction of the Roma and their political possibilities play here. The research consists in analysing and identifying the different elements of the theory in the following order: 1. Analysis of public policies for Roma integration; 2. Analysis of the social construction of the Roma; 3. Analysis of the political power of Roma. The first step towards achieving the aim of the thesis is to reveal the nature of the policy design of Roma integration. In this step, I will analyse a convolute of public policy documents, which includes international legal conventions, domestic minority laws and strategic documents. In the next step, I will focus on the social image of the Roma, the form of which, according to the social construction theory of target populations, plays an undeniable role in the formulation of public policies and the behaviour of elected officials. The last main effort to fulfil the aim of the thesis...
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