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Middle English adjectival innovations of native origin (1200-1400) formed by prefixation
Ortutayová, Dominika ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and describe the Middle English adjectival innovations of native origin coming into existence by prefixation in the period of 1200-1400. The formations are described from the point of view of their word-formation and semantics, the individual word- formation patterns are identified and analysed in terms of their productivity. In the theoretical part we present three points of view - social, typological and word-formational - which allow us to formulate our hypothesis consisting in the assumption that the native prefixation will exhibit gradual signs of decreasing productivity, brought about both by the language-external and language-internal causes - the language being overwhelmed by the an influx of foreign elements due to political and social situation at the time; as well as gradual phonological and semantic non- transparency of the native prefixes. The empirical part is based on the analysis of the 219 adjectives retrieved from the Oxford English Dictionary. Our results show that 7 out of 13 prefixes are decreasing in productivity or unproductive, yet the situation is not homogeneous and we were able to identify eight possible scenarios of development in productivity patterns. Our hypothesis is thus confirmed only partially - both the extra and...
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Uncomplemented postnominal adjectives
Mervová, Lenka ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The thesis provides a quantitative survey and a detailed description of noun postmodification by single uncomplemented adjectives, i.e. cases where a modifying adjective phrase represented only by an adjective follows a head noun. The theoretical background of this thesis is based mainly on Randolph Quirk et al.'s A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (1985). The data for empirical corpus based research have been drawn from the British National Corpus by the means of a corpus query extracting the sequence noun+adjective+verb. This query returned 6,413 concordance lines out of which, after manual assessment, the resultant sample of 4,627 examples was compiled. The data obtained were further examined and categorized, revealing that up to eleven categories are needed to account for the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic factors, and other communicative implications and lexicalized conventions that motivate the use the postnominal position.
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Dutch compound adjectives with strengthening meaning without equivalents in Czech
Chábová, Eliška ; Hrnčířová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kijonková, Jana (referee)
(English): The topic of this bachelor thesis is Dutch compound adjectives with strengthening meaning, while this issue is considered from the point of view of a native speaker of Czech language. The author focuses primarily on the possibilities of translating this phenomenon from Dutch into Czech. Taking account of the differences between these two languages and their systems, the author will try to achieve the highest possible semantic consensus. Theoretical foundations for the research are sought in the knowledge based on morphology, word formation, semantics and translation studies. These bases are then applied in practice, to the author's own translation of a predefined group of compound adjectives with strengthening meaning. The main aim of the thesis is to assess the translatability of these adjectives into Czech and subsequently to compare the appropriateness of different translation equivalents. Keywords: Adjective, comparison, compound, Dutch, Czech, equivalent
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The Adjective poslední in Czech Lexicon. A Diachronic View
Gabrielová, Hana ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Dittmann, Robert (referee)
The thesis describes the position of adjective poslední in system of the Czech lexicon with particular reference to Middle Czech and aims to realize its main semantic changes. It results from the dictionaries of the Old Czech lexicon and from the annotated database of evidences which was created on the base of the Middle Czech text corpora. The brief chapter dealing with "pre-Czech" context is following by detailed analysis of lexicography description in the Old Czech dictionaries. The second part summarizes the results of Middle Czech semantic analysis, consisting especially of the component analysis and the analysis of syntagma.
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Lexical negation in French adjectives - semantic and morphological constraints
Orel, Jan ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
This thesis focuses on the issues of lexical negation in French adjectives as well as on other parts of speech - nouns and adverbs. Its objective is the description of functioning of the lexical negation and the examination of restriction, which it is accompanied by. Based on these findings, the practical part (i.e. personal research) will try to define the tendencies of the use of lexical negation in the near future. Last but not least, this thesis also describes the use of general negation or out of standard French language - in argot or in spoken language.
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The complement of the Spanish adjective
Koťátková, Adéla ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and describe the complement of the Spanish adjective. We clarify the heterogeneity of linguistic theories that approach this topic. We select the theory of valency in order to delineate the complement of adjective as a valence complement. We review its characteristics and compare the information in the quoted literature with the results of linguistic corpuses CREA and InterCorp. In the practical part, we analyse the corpuses for the combinations of adjective valency, obligation, the possibility of ellipsis, the influence of quantification on the complement and collocations. Key words: Spanish - linguistic corpus - InterCorp - CREA - valency - complement - adjective
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Comparative study of color categories in Russian and Czech. Cognitive and Cultural Approach
Dolgikh, Ekaterina ; Čmejrková, Světla (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee) ; Dulebova, Irina (referee)
E. G. Dolgikh Comparative study of color categories in Russian and Czech. Cognitive and Cultural Approach Summary The purpose of the study was to describe the contents of the selected categories of colors («Синий цвет», «Голубой цвет», «Коричневый цвет», «Серый цвет», «Розовый цвет», «Оранжевый цвет», «Фиолетовый цвет», «Modrá barva», «Hnědá barva», «Šedá barva», «Růžová barva», «Oranžová barva», «Fialová barva») using the example of their basic terms (синий, голубой, коричневый, серый, розовый, оранжевый, фиолетовый, modrý, hnědý, šedý, růžový, oranžový, fialový) in Russian and Czech, as well as to reveal the specifics of color vision of the world of Czech and Russian speakers by comparing the obtained data. In this study we chose to use the cognitive and cultural approach to the language where, for example, the lexical meaning of the word is viewed as a holistic image, a realized physical and sensual experience. The nature of the study has cultural linguistic tone, because, first of all, it examines the facts of the language and helps in making linguistic conclusions, and, secondly, - the results of the study allow us to make some conclusions about the social and cultural characteristics of Russians and Czechs. The study is based on analysis of contexts where selected color terms are used in the artistic...
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Syntax of Adjective Compounds in a Bilingual Dictionary
Schmidtová, Iva ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the given thesis is to expound the problem of syntax processing by creating adjectival compounds in dictionary entries for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. Assuming that exactly these words, which belong to the complicated vocabulary items, cause difficulties for foreign speakers with text comprehension and text production. It is based on the nature of German language, which makes many compounds, as opposed to in Czech language. Not only are the meanings of these words revealed to be problematic, but also their usage. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of adjectives as word class, and because each word always has its context, attention will be primarily focused on the adjectival valency. Previously, only the valency of verbs and substantives has been discussed. When a native speaker automatically knows these syntax structures and even when, in case of foreign language, there could exist structural similarities between the source and target language, the structures ought consequently to be given in the dictionary. In some mono- or bilingual dictionary the user should find complex informations for word searched. The practical part involves analysis of ten chosen adjective compounds, which shows how the valency structures are...
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Collocability of German Adjectives in a Bilingual Dictionary
Budín, Tomáš ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis researchs the collocability of the german adjectives and gives some suggestions for the presentation of the collocability in the microstructure of the adjectival entries in the German-Czech translatory dictionary. The diploma thesis is a secondary product of the project of The Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary which has been realized in the Institute for German studies of the Phaculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague since 2000. The lexicographs use the methods of the corpus linguistics, especially a combination of the concepts corpus-based and corpus-driven. Analogous methods were used in this diploma thesis. By means of the Cooccurrence Data Bank (CCDB) of the Institute for the German language in Mannheim the most frequent cooccurrence partners of an adjectiv were found, concrete dictionary examples were found out in the corpus DeReKo of the IDS Mannheim using COSMAS II or on the Internet using the search engine Google. The dates were saved in a special numerical chart of a data bank which is structured on the basis of word classes. The diploma thesis comes to the conclusion that each adjectival entry can be carried out in more ways depending on the preferred criterion which can be frequency based, syntactical, semantical or didactical. In the practical part of the...
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On Collocation Problems in Adjective Entries. Problematic Cases in the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary
Oliva, Jakub ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Kloudová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the given work was to point out the problems of the collocability of german adjectives in dictionaries and on the basis of the executed analysis to suggest possible solutions which could be exploited in the entries. The primary information sources were the german dictionary Duden and the german-czech dictionary Siebenschein, the secondary ones were the internet corpus DeReKo and the web search engine Google. The dictionary collocations should not be chosen by the criterion of their quantity, but by the criterion of their usefulness. They should exemplify the differences between both languages and they should be used as the assure instance for the dictionary user.
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