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Boundaries of the labyrinth. Literary Space in the Italian Postmodern Novels
Čaplyginová, Olga ; Flemrová, Alice (advisor) ; Pelán, Jiří (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
The Phd thesis titled Boundaries of the labyrinth and subtitled Literary space in the Italian postmodern novels strives for specification and closer definition of the genre of post-modern novel through the analysis of literary space. Formally, the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part aims to provide a theoretical introduction into the problems of three areas related to the given topic, namely the definition of postmodernity and postmodernism, the genre of the novel itself and last but not least the study of space in literature. The content of the second part is the actual literary and scientific analysis of the selected novels (Città invisibili and Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore by Italo Calvino, Notturno indiano by Antonio Tabucchi, Comici spaventati guerrieri by Stefano Benni and Oceano mare and City by Alessandro Baricco) which follows three basic and most frequent spacial topoi occurring in these novels, namely the topos of the city, the house-hotel and the road. The third and final section sums up the observed aspects and characteristics and strives to use them as a basis for determining a certain and generalizing spacial and temporal principle which would facilitate at least a partial characterization of the postmodern novel as an independent genre.
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Analysis of cell signaling mediated by the adapter protein Daxx
Švadlenka, Jan ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Forstová, Jitka (referee) ; Stopka, Tomáš (referee)
2 Abstract Multifunctional adapter protein and histone chaperone Daxx has been described in nu- merous cellular processes, including the regulation of apoptotic and stress signalling, antiviral response and processes connected to chromatin (e. g. transcription). Its influ- ence on chromatin-related processes is mainly carried out by several associated en- zymes, such as DNA-methyltransferase-1, histone deacetylases and chromatin- remodelling ATPase ATRX. In the complex with ATRX Daxx functions as a chaperone of histone-3.3, maintaining the constitutive heterochromatin e. g. at centromeric and telomeric regions. The main aim of this Thesis was a better understanding of the Daxx cellular functions through identification and functional characterization of its novel interacting proteins. Using the yeast two-hybrid screen, several such new Daxx-interacting proteins were identified. These proteins were mainly nuclear, connected to the regulation of chroma- tin-related processes. More detailed analysis focused on the interaction of Daxx with chromatin-remodelling ATPase Brg1. This interaction was confirmed both in vitro and in the cells, where Daxx and Brg1 associated mainly in high molecular weight pro- tein complexes. These likely chromatin-remodelling complexes contain, in addition to Brg1, several...
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Shell shape variability in selected members of family Geoemydidae
Protiva, Tomáš ; Rehák, Ivan (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jiří (referee) ; Široký, Pavel. (referee)
Turtles always fascinated men primarily by morphology, unique embryogenesis and later also by uncertain phylogenetic position. As this group exists for 200 Mya, with taxon Odontochelys and Proganochelys identified as the first ancestors, recently they are endangered by habitat destruction and hunting for meat. The worst situation is in Asia, with China as the most important consumer of turtle meat and other products. Captive breeding programs may be the only chance for lot of almost extinct species. Proper taxonomic and geographical determination is crucial for correct management of rescue programs. Shell shape variability studied by geometric morphometric method and supported by genetics is the right tool for this task. My thesis is focused on verification of the use of geometric morphometric method for selected species of family Geoemydidae. This family has centre of distribution in Asia and many of its species are endangered by so called Asian Turtle Crisis. We found unusual high occurrence of supernumerary vertebral scute in Morenia petersi. Shape of the carapace and plastron is not affected by presence of this extra scute. There are no significant differences between turtles with additional scute and turtles with normal five vertebral layouts. Scute pattern with supernumerary vertebral scute...
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Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in pediatric glaucoma patients, measured by scanning laser polarimetry
Hložánek, Martin ; Filouš, Aleš (advisor) ; Autrata, Rudolf (referee) ; Bělohlávek, Otakar (referee)
Martin Hložánek: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in pediatric glaucoma patients, measured by scanning laser polarimetry Abstract Introduction Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized as progressive neuropathy of retinal ganglion cells. Diagnosis of glaucoma can be difficult and often requires several different investigations, performed repeatedly. Evaluation of thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) by scanning laser polarimetry (with GDxVCC machine) belongs to the most sensitive objective methods of glaucoma diagnostics and monitoring and it is also easy to perform. Importance of this method is even higher in children, as the performance of other diagnostic methods is difficult due to poor cooperation. Normative databases of machines providing objective measurement of RNFL thickness, including GDxVCC, don't comprise data of subjects younger 18 years. Methods The aims of our work were to assess normative values of RNFL parameters on GDxVCC in healthy children and to compare them with values of children diagnosed with glaucoma. We performed measurements of RNFL thickness and basic ophthalmological testings in 186 children of age 7-17 years. During our study there were published papers pointing the influence of atypical birefringence pattern (ABP) on...
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"Global Space Security and the U.S. - China - Russia Rivalry."
Robinson, Jana ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Jansky, Radomir (referee) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD INSTITUT POLITOLOGICKÝCH STUDIÍ ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL THESIS GLOBAL SPACE SECURITY AND THE U.S. - CHINA - RUSSIA RIVALRY 2016 JANA ROBINSON 2 ABSTRACT This study concentrates on whether the spacepower projection strategies of China and Russia, as communicated through their actions, key initiatives and public diplomacy positions, will, in the near future, undermine or advance global efforts to preserve the stability of the space environment and sustainability of outer space activities. In order to arrive at key findings, the analysis presented in this study is guided by two theories, the Astropolitik, a well-established spacepower theory of Everett C. Dolman, and the "preventive arms control in space" theory of Max Mutschler. It was concluded that arms control in space will not advance space security and prevent systemic destabilization of the space domain, and formal top-down arms control does not effectively restrain counterspace activities1 . It was likewise concluded that there exists a high probability (i.e. possibly greater than 75%) of near-term space 'incident' among the U.S., Russia and China. To prevent an escalatory spiral leading to conflict in space, the U.S. should continue to engage China and Russia (including in multilateral venues) in an...
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Developing creativity of pupil at the primary school through notation software
Grobár, Martin ; Váňová, Hana (advisor) ; Slavíková, Marie (referee) ; Sedláček, Marek (referee)
In today's fast changing world, global development of information and communication technology significantly affects many fields of human activity including music and education. As a result, questions concerning effective using of modern technology in musical education have become a major topic within the pedagogical community. Presented dissertation thesis examines utilization of notation software as a modern teaching tool. The software was specifically used to further improve musical creativity of pupils at secondary school (grades 6 to 9). The very first part of the thesis focuses on research framework, contemporary musical technologies, and available notation software tools. A special attention was drawn to MuseScore software that was used in the research. Last but not least, this part of the thesis outlines vital facts connected with musical creativity field of knowledge. Second part of the thesis is dedicated to author's research and starts with determination of project scope, goals, and basic working hypothesis. The actual research was carried out in several phases with subsequent real-life verification of acquired results. Main research work included development of experimental musical teaching methodology for children in sixth grade. Here, the notation software was used as a tool for stimulated...
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Synthesis and Utilization of Selected Nitrogen Heterocycles
Mikušek, Jiří ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee) ; Bureš, Filip (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Jiří Mikušek Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Milan Pour, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Synthesis and Utilization of Selected Nitrogen Heterocycles The thesis is divided into two parts, both dealing with the synthesis of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives. The first one is focused on the cyclization of enynes with gold(I) catalysts. Main attention is paid to the synthesis of various acyclic precursors starting from propargylamines, their addition to propiolates and Sonogashira cross-coupling. The mechanism of the cyclization with (TFP)AuCl is then discussed in detail. Prepared dihydropyridines were converted to pyridines or tetrahydropyridines. A precursor of the antidepressant drug paroxetine was prepared. The second part deals with quinazoline alkaloids with pyrimidine moiety and their structural variations towards potential organocatalysts and biologically active compounds. Therein new types of organocatalysts based on the structure of vasicine were prepared and screened on model aldolization and addition reactions. Prepared compounds were tested for bronchodilator activity.
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Terestrické řasy rodu Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) ve světle hypotézy "Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects"
Ryšánek, David ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee) ; Leliaert, Frederik (referee)
In 1934, Baas Becking mentioned hypothesis "Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects", which still contains three current controversial issues in protists: (1) disunity in distribution patterns, (2) species concepts, and (3) the ecological preferences. In recent years, protistan biogeography and diversity has become a highly debated topic. Two opposite hypotheses have been proposed: the ubiquity model, which emphasizes the cosmopolitan distribution of protists with low global diversity; and the moderate endemicity model, which admits the existence of endemic species with limited distribution, leading to relatively high diversity. However, habitat preferences and ecological aspect to the distribution of species are rather missing in the discussion about geographic distribution. We examined terrestrial algal genus Klebsormidium (Streptophyta), which is one of the most abundant microautotrophs in various terrestrial and aerophytic habitats, and further (i) tested whether there is any biogeographical pattern of this microorganism, (ii) examined if there is a comparable diversity in the polar and temperate regions, (iii) investigated a potential role of ecological speciation processes on diversification, and (iv) clarified the taxonomic identity of Klebsormidium species. Our analyses...
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Geographical approaches to assessing the quality of housing in Czechia
Baxa, Jan ; Chromý, Pavel (advisor) ; Čermák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Szczyrba, Zdeněk (referee)
Choice of housing is one of the most important decisions of inhabitants. It is a relatively new process in Czechia which did not work absolutely freely till 1989.Inhabitants accustom to choice of housing and learn this process which is based on the relatively short experience. On the one hand, the importance of the choice of housing is conditional by low willingness of the Czech inhabitants to move and on the other hand, it is amplified by the high purchase price, which usually means the greatest investment in life of households. Thus, people consider many aspects in the wish to satisfy one of the basic life needs during the choice of housing. The place of future residence is one of the most important of them. Housing research is a relatively new topic in geography. Even though systematic research on housing and quality of housing in Czechia takes place more intensively (in the social sciences, for more than two decades), there were not performed territorial differentiation of the quality of housing assessment and comparison of municipalities according to suitability for. The concept of quality of housing has appeared almost exclusively in connection with the dwelling yet, the basic unit of housing. Housing permeates all basic areas of human and social life. Therefore the evaluation of the quality...
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The Politics of Bio(in)security: science, experts and the dilemma of dual use
Rychnovská, Dagmar ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Leander, Anna (referee) ; Lupták, Ľubomír (referee)
This thesis explores the politics of biosecurity and the governance of dual-use research. It focuses on life sciences, whose rapid development brings together the issues of biological weapons, terrorism, and the dangers of scientific innovations. The thesis has three goals: first, to situate the dilemma of dual-use research historically and conceptually, second, to analyse how the attempts to govern biosecurity and regulate dual-use research in life sciences affect the relations between science and security, and third, to discuss what implications this science-security nexus has for the politics of (in)security. Approaching the subject from critical security studies, the thesis looks at how the nexus between science and security is constructed. It does so, first, by exploring the dominant political and expert discourses on biosecurity and by looking at two distinct empirical sites, which exemplify how a regime of biosecurity governance evolves at a boundary of science and security in a 'global' and 'local' context: the international biological weapons regime and the Czech system of biosecurity management. The thesis finds that the attempts to govern dual-use research in life sciences focus not only on materials and technologies but also on scientific knowledge. It conceptualizes dual-use as a problem of...
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