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Investigative journalism carried out by non-profit media organizations
Indra, Jan ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the production of investigative reporting by nonprofit organisations. The phenomena of a partial shift of investigative media production into the nonprofit sector has rapidly gained traction in recent years. One of the reasons for this development has been the declining economic condition of the traditional types of media, resulting in newsrooms decreasing their staff as well as the overall dedication of resources to investigative journalism as an extremely expensive form of journalism. The other reason has been the transformation of the political and social spheres, which have an undeniable impact on whether independent investigative journalism is even possible. This paper then aspires to present a comprehensive view on this phenomena and whether it is sustainable. After defining the theoretical conditions for the existence of investigative journalism in the nonprofit sector, the paper identifies the main challenges that emerging nonprofit investigative organizations have to face, as it then also presents steps that these organisations can take in order to overcome these challenges. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the five-year existence of the Czech Centre for Investigative Journalism, an investigative nonprofit. The author of this paper, who has also been a...
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Theoretical bases for the limitation of fundamental rights and freedoms in the Czech Republic
Madej, Martin ; Ondřejek, Pavel (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
Theoretical bases for the limitation
of fundamental rights and freedoms in the Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, the conception of fundamental rights and the conditions for their limitations are the result of a specific interpretation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms by the Constitutional Court, which in turn reflects its own views on constitutional theory. Despite being presented almost dogmatically, the confrontation with foreign literature suggests that the so-called external theory of the Constitutional Court finds strong opponent in the so-called internal theory. Internal theory sheds doubts on such hallmarks of the Court's doctrine like the wide conception of fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality or the very existence of conflicts of constitutional values. In this thesis, it is argued that although the internal theory cannot substitute for the external theory at the moment, it represents an opportunity for the Constitutional Court to reassess its current position in order for it to better depict the aims of the constitution-maker, to respect the policies of the legislator and - above all - to take fundamental rights seriously. In particular, it is claimed that the optimal model of the limitation of fundamental rights dully distinguishes between definition and...
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Nature Protection and the Public Interest
Müllerová, Hana
In the decision-making procedures, the interest in the protection of nature often collides with other interests and values. Declaring certain value to be in a public interest strengthens the position of that value and justifies its priority over other interests. This contribution focuses firstly on the concept of the public interest and the ways how collisions of competing interests are solved in general. Then it analyses the Czech legislation on natural protection and its provisions on the public interest.
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Vliv veřejného a developerského zájmu na udržitelný rozvoj
Ježková, Tereza
The contemporary cities’ development is concurrently affected by public and business interests and depends mainly on the willingness of these entities to find the common goal they want to reach. By comparing priorities, behaviours and conflicts in case studies, it is possible to determine the changes in the quality of a public space and that of lives of the inhabitants, in the amount of job opportunities and the changes in ecological and hygienic conditions, in case that the developer’s plan will be realized or the public interests will be defended to the maximum extent and what is the view of the city that is reflected in the Local Development Plan. The intention is to uncover whether the public, the Local Development Plan, developers or all of them contribute to the desirable city development.
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Land ownership right restrictions resulting from public law in the Czech Republic
Hoch, Jiří ; Drobník, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Průchová, Ivana (referee) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
In the Czech Republic, the same way as it is in other democratic countries, the ownership right is recognized to be one of the fundamental human rights, and it is protected by legislation of a supreme legal force. Along with modern society development and for this reason it becomes more and more restricted. It is a long time ago, when the unlimited legal domain like theory of ownership rights in rem was forsaken. The restrictions are more numerous and intensive in case of land being subject to ownership rights. This results from many differences between land and other subjects of ownership. Limited and definitive land area, the fact that land is not relocatable as well as soil, being one of environmental elements, represent the most important ones. In one line with increasing amount of people on Earth and their increasing requirements on its usage, the land must fill constantly increasing needs for the welfare of increasing amount of people at the same time. The necessity of protection of environmental aspect of land and soil respectively, is still growing. For all those reasons, the restrictions and regulations on land ownership rights are to be put in place. When justified by public interest, the restrictions arise from public law legislation. Key words: land ownership, restriction, public interest
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Limitations of professional liability in relation to the professions of auditor, tax adviser and accountant with regard to the duty of confidentiality
Belšánová, Ivana ; Molín, Jan (advisor) ; Králíček, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis "Limitations of professional liability in relation to the professions of auditor, tax adviser and accountant with regard to the duty of confidentiality" focuses on a more detailed elaboration of the selected specific segment of professional liability of the given professions, on the legal and ethical obligations in the field of confidentiality and the possibility of its breaking. The introductory part of the thesis deals with confidentiality in terms of historical development and its importance in the present. Further, it outlines the area of moral and ethical responsibility, legal liability in general, and confidentiality as a specific duty. The concept of confidentiality of the professions of auditors, tax advisers and accountants represents the core of the presented work. The duty of confidentiality of the profession of auditors is significantly influenced by the public interest in the presented information in the form of opinion on the financial statements of the audited entities, and thus the possibilities of the legally supported breaking of this obligation are the most extensive, as evidenced by the amendment to the Act on Auditors, effective from 1 October 2016. The duty of confidentiality of the tax adviser has until recently been strictly defined on a legal basis. The change was brought by the Supreme Court's case law in November 2015, which by comparing the principally equivalent conditions for the exercise of legal liability in the area of confidentiality of the tax adviser and attorney, also deduces the similarities of competencies of both professions in cases of breaking the confidentiality. The accounting profession is not regulated by law, and therefore the confidentiality obligation is also not legally enforceable. However, professional certified accountants are required to comply with the Code of Conduct issued by the Professional Chamber. The final part of the thesis focuses on comparing the duty of confidentiality of the selected professions of auditors, tax advisers and professional accountants with the attorney-at-law profession.
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Public interest, politics and developers
Srb, Ondřej ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Havel, Tomáš (referee)
Thesis title: Public interest, politics and developers The thesis deals with issues of public interest, politicians and developers. The aim of the thesis is to map the conditions for new buildings and determine what the public interest is in urban planning. The thesis is focuses mainly on the territory of Prague. For that purpose thesis analyze the relationships between terms and analysis of the legal framework and a description of practical experience in construction. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is divided into two main parts and is dedicated to the term of public interest, first from the interdisciplinary and subsequently from the legally perspective. This chapter provides a better understanding and grasp of the term. In the first part thesis interprets the works of prominent thinkers who work with the term, especially the genesis of the words "public" and "interest". This is followed by a search for a corrective to the capitalist view of the public interest, as well as view of the public interest as the interest of certain groups, as well as modeling system to determine public interest in the decisions of politicians. The second part analyzes the term based on the analysis of case law and legislation. The second chapter focuses on the conditions for the placement...
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Land Government in Bohemia in Relation to the Public between 1900 - 1908
Patočka, Jaromír ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jiří (referee) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
Land Government in Bohemia in Relation to the Public between 1900-1908 Abstract At the beginning of the 20th century, the term Czech Kingdom referred to one of the crown lands forming the "West half" of the Habsburg monarchy, called Cisleithania. The Czech Kin- gdom was a public corporation which participated in implementing public administration. Its activities included mainly administrative tasks and to a limited extent also tasks related to exercising state power. The Czech Kingdom as a public body managed in the early years of the 20th century a very complex public agenda ranging from supervision and regulation of the subordinate self-governance bodies, significant activities related to public construction work, tasks related to education on the national level to tasks from the field of culture. Agricultural issues and tasks related to small scale business were of great importance. In 1890s, coalition of conservative nobility and Czech citizenship policy won a majority of parliamentary seats in the representative assembly of the Czech Kingdom. However, the coalition lost its position due to political changes in the civil bloc. The early years of the 20th century already saw long term escalation of the delicate Czech-German relations. This also impacted provincial politics in Bohemia. Despite complex...
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Contracts under public law
Háleková, Ivana ; Vedral, Josef (advisor) ; Rajchl, Jiří (referee)
in English The main topics of my thesis are public law contracts. Public law contracts can be defined as bilateral or multilateral legal operations, which establish, change or repeal rights or duties in the area of public law. I tried to give a complete point of view on them, including their history, the actual legal regulation and I also tried to present the single types of public law contracts. Public law contract is one of the forms of public service. It is an institute, which was already commented by legal theorists in the period of Austria-Hungary and also in the beginning of 20th century. The importance of this institute was shaded during the Second World War and during the period of communism. The democracy and then the general legal regulation in form of the normative act No. 500/2004 called the Rules of Administrative Procedure give the institute importance again. Public law contracts can be considered as instruments, which help to involve private entities in the sphere of public services. The thesis is divided into chapters, but it is possible to say, it is divided into two big parts. The first one concerns the definition of the public service in general, because I suppose it is necessary to understand the whole system for determining the public law contracts issues. It also concerns the...
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