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What is Phenomenology? The Inevitability of the Clash between Husserl and Heidegger
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
Based on the explicit Husserl-Heidegger polemic, which concerned the ''Phenomenology'' entry for Encyclopaedia Britannica, my thesis captures conflict between the two protagonists precisely when it becomes direct. Tracing the main issues of their dispute, I will firstly demonstrate that the conflict is not a consequence of mutual misunderstanding, but rather a disagreement coming from the core itself of their respective theories. It could therefore not have been avoided. Secondly, I will show that the leading intentions of both traditional versions of phenomenology are not only irreconcilable, but essentially contradictory.
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Generational transformation of scouting ideals after 1945 based on the case of 18th centre Kruh
Nováková, Vendula ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krátká, Lenka (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá pohledem čtyř skautských generací na ideje skautského hnutí po roce 1945 v Československu. Výzkum je zaměřen na 18. středisko Kruh v Praze. Práce se zaměřuje na proměny skautských idejí, ale i na proměny vedení a skautského programu. Výzkum je veden metodou orální historie, přičemž narátoři jsou vybíráni z řad 18. střediska Kruh. Cílem práce není podrobně zmapovat vývoj a historii vybraného střediska, ale spíše obecně nastínit, jakým způsobem se skauti museli ideově přizpůsobit politické a společenské situaci. Dále práce zkoumá způsob, jakým se ve skautském oddíle předává tradice a jak na sebe jednotlivé generace navazují. Klíčová slova: skauting, generace, hodnoty, vedení, význam
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Quantitative Analysis of historiographic Textbooks in term of Christianity
Cmíral, Jaroslav ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Matějek, Marek (referee)
Quantitative analysis of historiographic textbooks in term of Christianity The theme of this thesis is the quantitative analysis of contents of selected integral series of historiographic atlases for elementary schools, in term of frequency of occurrence of Christian coherence. The resolution proceeds in following steps: 1) Searching for outputs of multilayer relations between culture and Christianity in motion of history. Questions on meaning of processes. 2) Meaning of teaching of history in light of curricular documents. 3) Studying of process of textbook creation. 4) Textbook as an educational medium. 5) Historiographic textbook conception. 6) Quantitative analysis theory. Its phases. 7) Practical methodology of quantitative analysis of atlases. 8) Quantitative analysis. Work with atlases. The aim of this thesis is to find out the meaning of the Christianity in contemporary teaching of history, based on the quantitative perspective. Concretely on the frequency of occurrence of Christian connotations in contents of historiographic atlases. Individual atlases and final percentual measuring outputs: Prehistory and Antiquity (1,2 %), Modern Period II. (3,5 %), History of 20th Century (3,9 %), Modern Period (13,5 %), Middle Ages (18,2 %). Total average value of the measuring (8,3 %.) is the...
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Images of Children and Youth about the Work of Journalists
Zahornadská, Eva ; Wolák, Radim (advisor) ; Šírová, Tereza (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Images of Children and Youth about the Work of Journalists" is typification the Czech journalist and his workload by children and adolescents from the age group 10-16. Moreover thesis is working with subjective children's and youth's attitudes to the profession. The first theoretical part is searching the definition of the journalistic profession in the literature and sumarizes past research on similar topics. Novel research is the core of the whole work. The questionnaire survey was carried out in primary and secondary schools in Prague, Central Bohemian region and Hradec Králové region, 153 questionnaires for younger respondents and 180 for older respondents were processed, a total of 333 completed questionnaires. The questionnaire asked for socio-demographic data about a notion of typical journalist (age, sex, place of residence, income, education...), it's personality (characteristics), journalism as a lucrative profession (rating of respondents) and a normal working day of the journalist (timetable of activities and place of presence). Semi-structured depth interwviews with four other respondents who were to clarify and confirm the results of the survey followed, namely to verify their reliability. The conclusion summarizes the results of research in an effort to create...
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The Function of Speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty
Puc, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee) ; Janoušek, Hynek (referee)
The Function of Speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the development of the intentional function of speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. The intentional function is defined as the change of expressed meaning that is engendered by the expression itself. We trace Husserl's position from the Logical Investigations and the first book of his Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy, where he describes speech as the non- productive mirroring of other kinds of intentionality, to the late text The Origin of Geometry, where he discerns two functions of speech: it provides thought its ideality, which is different from the ideality of species; and it provides thought its objectivity, i.e. the form of object that lasts in history as identical. In The Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty adopts Husserl's late position with several profound modifications. The starting-point ceases to be the linguistic sign, and speech becomes a kind of gesture. As a consequence, the difference between linguistic and non-linguistic ideality disappears. Furthermore, Merleau-Ponty holds that the expression accomplishes the meaning of what it expresses. In this way, speech becomes creative and ceases to be just an empty intention of...
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Depiction of women in contemporary Czech art
Zimmermannová, Vladimíra ; Bláha, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
Zimmermannová, V. Depiction of Women in Contemporary Czech Art. /Graduation Thesis/ Prague 2010. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Education. Department of Fine Art Education. Supervisor J. Bláha. This graduation thesis aims to describe and reflect on the views relating to the depiction of women, female corporality, identity, sexuality and other elements related to the topic of women in contemporary Czech art. The thesis tries to explore characteristic methods of expression and topical schemes that connect contemporary works of art, and at the same time puts them into the context of art history, sociocultural theories of sex and gender, and current media production. Furthermore, it presents a variety of ways to apply this theme in fine art education lessons at secondary and special art school. key words women, art, depiction, corporality, body, identity, sexuality, gender, meaning, stereotype
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Philosophy and community
Timingeriu, Filip ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Master's thesis "Philosophy and community" looks into the origin of ancient greek term "polis" and inception of its citizen. It looks into it as specifical means of being of world and human. The correlation of polis and citizen is most apparent in philosophy of Plato. With an emphasis on his privilegy of spoken word over written one, he shows possible sources of philosophical hermeneutics. By understanding the situation, which leads to the decline of the reciprocal relationship between human and world, author would like to express that in Platos way of thinking are still unreflected possibilities of solution for the present day. Intention of this work is to contribute - by sketching and explication of the principles of political thinking - to the discussion - and not only to that of the political philosophy and political science.
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Comics of the Czech magazine Ohníček in the period of 1968-71: semiotic analysis
Řezníková, Ivana ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the genre of comics in the Czech magazine Ohníček during the early period of normalization: the text is based on a detailed analysis of eleven comics that were published in the magazine between years 1968-71 (season 19-21). As far as the genre criteria are concerned, the analysed comics came closer to adventurous stories that were very popular in the 60/70s. At the same time, the original visual expression changed so that it was more suitable to child readers. Three of the analysed comics are comic series where the particular episodes are connected to each other by an adventurous narrative storyline. The eight others are comic strips with the narrative type of gag or fable. When examining the particular comics, the focus was on several aspects: the use of language, visual expression, story articulation and specific distinctive aspects. Differences in those aspects made the comics mutually different and deviating from the classics of genre. Both the graphic form and the story line of the analysed comics were determined by the fact that they were published in a children magazine. As results of the analysis, hero types and the resemblance of the fiction world according to the narrative type are descript and a comparison with European and American comics tradition is given.
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On Sense Division in a Bilingual Dictionary
Hagenhoferová, Lucie ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the dividing the dictionary entry into several "sub-meanings", i.e. with the sense division, and with the closely related ordering of these "sub-meanings", i.e. with the sense ordering, with the bilingual passive German-Czech dictionary in the centre of interest. This thesis deals shortly also with the discriminating the senses by different means, i.e. with the sense discrimination. With these three subjects chronologically following the lexicographic decisions the matter of equivalence and the understanding of the term of meaning are correlated. In the theoretical part of this thesis the specifics of the sense division and the sense ordering in the monolingual and in the bilingual lexicography are introduced, in the practical part of this thesis the possibilities of the sense division and the sense ordering are exemplified with ten chosen substantive lemmas prepared for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary in progress. For every lemma the most suitable arrangement of the lemma is suggested, which is then compared with the corresponding dictionary entry in the source dictionary Duden - Deutsches Universalwörterbuch. The differences between the arrangements of the microstructure illustrate the necessity of the revision and eventual modification of the adopted structure...
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