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Intra-individual variability in perception of otherness
Doubková, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel Dobroslav (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
This dissertation focuses on intra-individual variability in the perception of otherness, specifically on the variability of experienced emotions toward diverse representatives of otherness in relation to attitudes and personality functioning. At the beginning of the thesis, the theoretical background is introduced, especially the concept of otherness. A total of 205 respondents from the general population and the population of people with mental disorders participated in the study. The research was conducted in three phases, and the results are presented in three studies. In the first phase, the semi-structured interview assessing the severity levels of personality functioning (STiP-5.1) was translated into Czech, and its psychometric properties were verified. In the second phase, the association between attitudes toward minorities and the level of personal functioning impairment was examined. The last, third phase focused on the intra-individual variability of experienced emotions (disgust, empathy, anger, compassion, pity, respect) toward different representatives of otherness (e.g., close ones, Romani, migrants, people with mental disorders) and its relation to personality functioning and attitudes, using the experience sampling method. Significant differences in personality functioning were...
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Emotional intelligence in heterosexual and non-heterosexualpeople in the context of gender identity
Jelínek, Jakub ; Blatný, Marek (advisor) ; Baumgartner, František (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
The main topic of the dissertation thesis is the construct of emotional intelligence which can be defined via several theoretical models out of which the well known ones are presented step by step in the theoretical part of this work. The paper also exlains the main difference between ability and trait emotional intelligence which represent two different ways, above all, for measuring the construct. The most well know tools are presented in one of the chapters too. The theoretical part of the dissertation largely elaborate on the topic of individual differences in emotional intelligence which were explored within the basic research of the construct. The purpose of the two separate studies which were conducted within the dissertation research project was to examine whether the groups of heterosexual and non-heterosexual respondents are statistically similar or different in both ability and trait emotional intelligence and in emotion regulation which is considered to be the upper component of emotional intelligence. Moreover, the first study focused on the replication of low correlation between ability and trait emotional intelligence and on the relation between ability emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence. The relation between trait emotional intelligence and personality traits was...
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Influence of practical courses on the upper secondary school students' motivation to study biology
Janštová, Vanda ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
The reasons for the decline in students' interest in science have been studied for the last decades. The key question is how to stimulate this interest and motivate students and pupils to study science. Part of this thesis was testing the influence of practical courses on upper secondary school students' motivation toward studying biology. To start with, it was found out how many practical courses were taught for each biology topic at Czech upper secondary schools. Molecular biology and genetics emerged as one of the topics with the lowest number of practical courses. Therefore, molecular biology practical courses have been proposed and tested. It was shown that these practical courses can increase students' motivation scores. The possible influece of age, gender and number of practical courses during biology lessons on motivation was tested as well. Motivation of Czech students was compared to motivation of New Zealand students. Younger students and boys were more motivated to study biology in both countries. New Zealand students were more motivated than Czech students. Motivated students like the participants in the Biology Olympiad, Students' Professional Activities, biology summer course and optional biology courses were used to describe the origin of their motivation toward biology.
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Primary prevention problems of socio-pathologic phenomena at secondary schools
Procházka, Miroslav ; Stuchlíková, Iva (advisor) ; Helus, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vališová, Alena (referee)
Dissertation brings summary knowledge about theory and practice of primary prevention realization of socio-pathologic phenomena within secondary school environment. Its target is to contribute to current discussion about effective prevention form in school and to enrich prevention cognition for empirical research findings. First part of dissertation is based on knowledge from several branches of science, nevertheless unifying view goes from sociál pedagogy range. Author deals with problems of socio-pathologic effects, their theoretic defínition and description of these effects that are endangering secondary school pupils. Practical part of dissertation analyses and compares approaches and problems, which are occurring in European and Czech context within primary prevention realization in secondary school. Third part is empirical research, which is set out for two phases. In the first phase is point of interest the teacher, which as an prevention methodist guarantees compliance with targets, content and prevention methods of prevention in the school. In the second phase then dissertation deals with views of secondary school pupils on selected socio-pathologic effects and prevention programs, which are in use at the schools. Research result is determination of problém and context of prevention realization...
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Neuropsychology of phobic reaction to snakes
Polák, Jakub ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee) ; Prokop, Pavol (referee)
Neuropsychology of phobic reaction to snakes Mgr. Jakub Polák, Ph.D. Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Petr Kulišťák, Ph.D. The snake is a psychologically very strong stimulus that triggers intense fear in a large part of the population and at the same time causes one of the most common specific phobias. According to an evolutionary hypothesis, universal snake fear is a result of selection pressures, because during evolution of the mankind, venomous snakes presented a deadly threat. Previous psychological research has therefore used the snake as a prototypical trigger of fear. However, snakes as a group are very variable in terms of morphology, colour, toxicity, and behaviour. In this dissertation, I have adopted several tools to verify the hypothesis that some species of snakes may elicit disgust rather than fear. The whole work is divided into four consecutive studies: 1) psychodiagnostics of fear of snakes and disgust using standard scales, 2) rating of snake images according to fear and disgust, 3) measurement of physiological response and 4) measurement of neural activation using fMRI. A different sample of subjects was studied in each of the four parts, however, men and women aged 18 or older with varying levels of fear of snakes and disgust propensity were included. They were mostly healthy subjects, only the...
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Validation of learning motivation measure Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS) in the Czech environment
Kováčová, Klára ; Stuchlíková, Iva (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
This master's these is considering the relationship between achievement goals and parenting styles. In the theoretic part of the thesis there are described current findings in the area of development individual achievement goals until adolescence from the viewpoint of social cognitive theory and the role of parents in this process. Research is aimed at establishing working model of the PALS questionnaire in Czech Republic and relationship of achievement goals and family parenting styles in students of 7th , 8th and 9th grade of mainly Prague elementary schools. Results show the need to modify PALS questionnaire in the manner that would better reflect the difference between performance- approach and performance-avoidance goals. The statistically significant relationship between achievement goals and parenting styles was not found. KEYWORDS achievement motivation, goal theory, competence, parenting style, PALS questionnaire
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Influence of practical courses on the upper secondary school students' motivation to study biology
Janštová, Vanda ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
The reasons for the decline in students' interest in science have been studied for the last decades. The key question is how to stimulate this interest and motivate students and pupils to study science. Part of this thesis was testing the influence of practical courses on upper secondary school students' motivation toward studying biology. To start with, it was found out how many practical courses were taught for each biology topic at Czech upper secondary schools. Molecular biology and genetics emerged as one of the topics with the lowest number of practical courses. Therefore, molecular biology practical courses have been proposed and tested. It was shown that these practical courses can increase students' motivation scores. The possible influece of age, gender and number of practical courses during biology lessons on motivation was tested as well. Motivation of Czech students was compared to motivation of New Zealand students. Younger students and boys were more motivated to study biology in both countries. New Zealand students were more motivated than Czech students. Motivated students like the participants in the Biology Olympiad, Students' Professional Activities, biology summer course and optional biology courses were used to describe the origin of their motivation toward biology.
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Conception of Development Education Emphasizing the Beginning of Compulsory Education
Franclová, Marta ; Stuchlíková, Iva (advisor) ; Horká, Hana (referee) ; Lukášová, Hana (referee)
The Conception of Development Education Emphasizing the Beginning of Compulsory Education ASTRACT This thesis deals with the issue of education and its role in personality development, emphasising its application from the beginning of compulsory education. The work explains and clarifies the reasons for which it is necessary to understand, from the very beginning of compulsory education, the pedagogical problem of a narrowed conception of education, restricting education only to being an instrument transmitting knowledge, without considering the deeper insight. The thesis also refers to the trends of current pedagogical theory and practice, putting the personality of the child in the first place of the educative effort of the school. Within the given context it updates the contributions of humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology, constructivism, positive psychology and reminds us of the documents written by Czech authors, which emphasize similarly this point of view of the school, education and the role of the teacher. Education and its role in the personality development is further elaborated upon with an accent laid on its four dimensions - to learn how to get to know, behave, live together and to be (see the study "Učení je skryté bohatství" - "Learning Is The Hidden Treasure" published in 1997). KEY...
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