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Development of a screening tool for cognitive impairments in older persons
Panenková, Erika ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Jarolímová, Eva (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
Development of a screening tool for detection of cognitive impairment in older persons Mgr. Erika Panenková Abstract Cognitive disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in the elderly, while the prevalence in the population increases with age. Early detection of people at risk of dementia syndrome or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the basis for earlier pharmacological and non- pharmacological interventions. However, it is necessary to have a sufficiently sensitive screening tool to screen the cognitive status of the elderly over 60 years. This study focuses on the development and standardization of the screening test - the NANOK screen. With an average administration time of 3 minutes and 27 seconds, this tool will be used as a sufficiently reliable and valid tool for the use of general practitioners, neurologists, geriatrics, as well as clinical psychologists and psychologists in social services. In the research we offer a description of the development of the method (N = 540), a study on a healthy population (N = 187) and a clinical population (N = 97). The results are percentile norms and cut-off scores for different diagnostic situations: differentiation of the healthy population from a population with dementia syndrome and MCI; differentiation just MCI or just dementia syndrome. Since the...
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EEG Neurofeedback as an instrument to explore introspective correlates of cortical activity
Kaplan, Cyril ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee) ; Uher, Tomáš (referee)
Background: EEG neurofeedback is mostly used as a tool in clinical research and practice. Though many studies exploring the efficiency of neurofeedback training in treating distinct symptoms were performed, mostly adopting a design similar to clinical trials, many aspects of the whole process remain unclear as they are frequently neglected by and/or underreported in the published studies. Surprisingly, one of the first uses that the EEG neurofeedback was put to, had no clinical ambitions. The act of playing a simple sonic game with a goal to generate simple tones (by upregulating own alpha activity) served as a bridge for subsequent interviews targeting the subjective experience that accompanied the shifts in alpha oscillations. Objectives: The series of studies as a whole (a pilot and three studies) was designed around the instrument of EEG neurofeedback loop. The main objective was to capture the essence of subjective experience that accompanies rises and drops in the power of specific EEG features. Similarities and incongruencies in the character of subjective experience across subjects while interacting with the same EEG neurofeedback game were of interest, as well as the similarities and incongruencies in the subjective experience of one subject engaged in distinct EEG neurofeedback tasks....
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Influence of mindfulness on Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Lorencová, Tatiana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šumec, Rastislav (referee) ; Brandoburová, Petra (referee)
Introduction Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a 8 week evidence-based program that offers secular, intensive mindfulness training to assist people with stress, anxiety, depression and pain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and poorly understood neurodegenerative inflammatory condition. Nervous system damage can be extensive, with severe disability in both physical and cognitive realms. Worldwide incidence of MS is increasing, with estimates at 3.6/100,000 person-years in females and 2.0/100,000 person-years in men. Objective The aim of this interventional study was to explore the influence of the MBSR on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods 60 patients with MS were recruited into two distinct groups, interventional and control - non interventional group with 30 participants in each group. General Quality of life WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life (MusiQoL) questionnaire and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were administered in both groups. In order to further explore the effects of the MBSR on patients The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were also administered. The data were collected in the interventional group twice once before...
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The Mapping of a Relation between Cognitive Functions and Intelligence in Persons with Schizophrenia
Šimonová, Miriama ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Nowadays, an intelligence is a widely applied concept. The authors' opinions on its possible unification with or strict separation from the specific cognitive functions vary throughout different fields of psychology. Simultaneously, schizophrenia is a mental disorder, which is often connected to a cognitive deficit. Its assessment is usually realized on an estimation of the intelligence level. The aim was to explore how the estimation of intelligence corresponds with a cognitive profile of a patient with schizophrenia. This purpose is firstly being attained by a description of various views and theoretical objects, for instance core characteristics of a schizophrenia, a description of intelligence and selected cognitive functions. The empirical part is focused on an exploration of the relationship between a cognitive profile and the estimation of actual and premorbid intelligence of a patient with schizophrenia. A total of 120 persons with a diagnose F20 were included in this study. A cognitive profile was assessed with the usage of MATRICS battery and the intelligence levels were evaluated by selected WASI tests and Czech reading test (CRT). Results indicates that despite the level of premorbid and actual intelligence level was identified within the normal range, respondents evinced a cognitive...
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Mild cognitive impairment after stroke
Jaremová, Vladěna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to describe cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients witch ischemic stroke (IST). The theoretical introduction focuses on IST, the concept of MCI, and neuropsychological test of cognitive deficits related to IST. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research results. 64 patients with various types of brain lesions after first-ever stroke were examined within 3-6 months after hospital admission. The cognitive performance was assessed across five cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, visuospacial abilities, and language. All cognitive domains were impaired to the similar extend; the impairment quite severe, and ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 SD below the mean of the control group. The results showed that right hemisphere lesions were associated with visuospacial impairment whereas left hemisphere lesions were associated with language impairment. Also, it was examined which combination of tests differentiates best between patients from the experimental groups and the control group, and among individual experimental groups. It is necessary to develop and use sensitive and valid tests that can detect mild cognitive deficits in patients after ischemic stroke, which could be useful for rehabilitation planning. Keywords: mild...
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An attempt to analyze the aphasic syndrom with regard to the possibilities of its neuropsychologica rehabilitation
Straka, Ondřej ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Although the Wernicke-Geschwind model has been for a long time one of the most influential bases for the study of aphasia. its general acceptance seems to have been partly undermined by the use of new imaging methods on the one hand. and recent developments in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics on the other hand. The main reason is that it fails to account for the fact that the lesions in one brain area can result in a variety of deficits in the processing of language. and similarly the same deficit is often due to the impairment of ditlerent brain structures. This thesis ťirst presents the localizationalist theories. then compares both approaches pointing out their respective interests and limitations and tinally focuses at some length on the assumptions about the brain organization of language production postulated by the cognitive psychology and their reflection in the therapeutic procedures used in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of aphasic patients. Key words: aphasia, localization, cognitive psychology, neuropsychological rehabilitation Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
Bolceková, Eva ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Tr ad i t io n a l ly, th e c e r eb e l lum ha s b e en co n s id e r ed th e s t r u c tu r e in th e h uman b r a in r e sp o n s ib l e f o r mo to r fu n c t io n : p o s tu r e , g a i t , mo v emen t co o r d in a t io n . Howev e r, r e c en t f in d in g s s h ow th a t i t s f u n c t ion i s wid e r - i t i s a l s o in v olv ed in co gn i t ion an d emo t io n . Th e c e r eb e l l a r co g n i t iv e a ff e c t iv e s yn d r ome i s a c l in i c a l u n i t d e s ign ed to d e s c r ib e d e f i c i en c i e s in p a t i en t s wi th c e r eb e l l a r d amag e . Th e a im o f th e s tu d y i s to con f i rm th e v i a b i l i ty o f th i s co n c ep t . Th e th eo r i t i c a l s e c t ion summa r i z e s cu r r en t n eu r op sy ch o lo g i c a l k n owl ed g e a b ou t th e c e r eb e l lum an d fu n c t io n a l d e f i c i en c i e s r e l a t ed to i t s damag e . Th e r e a r e th eo r e t i c a l ex p l an a t ion s o f me ch an i sms o f d amag e , a s we l l a s a r ev i ew o f emp i r i c a l d a t a . Th e emp i r i c a l s e c t io n i s a s tu d y o f 1 3 su b j e c t s wi th dama g e l imi t ed to th e c e r eb e l lum an d a con t r o l s amp l e o f 1 3 he a l th y, d emog r a p h i c a l ly ma t ch ed con t r o l su b j e c t s . Me th o d s in c lu d ed an in t e r v i ew, n...
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Rehabilitation of cognitive functions in patients after brain injury
Umlaufová, Veronika ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
The mm of the master thesi s "Rehabilitation of cognitive functions in patients afteľ bľain injury" was to claľify these problems fľom pľactical point of view. In the first chapter readers get acquainted with kinds of brain injury. The second chapter deals with cognitive tlmctions and the third, most extensive, lS dedicated to rehabilitation of patients after brain injury. The ľehabilitation lS conceived as a complex process involving care of patients in the biological, psychicaL social and physical sphere. The empirical part concentrates on training oť attention. Patients after brain injury. who were invol\"ed in the study. vvere divided into two groups. Within three weeks one group practiced on computer (programme RehaCom) and the other attended occupational therapy. We investigated whether there are any diťferences in the influence of training of attention by means oť computer programme or occupational therapy. In regard of a smalI sample (five patients in each group) and other conditions we came to the conclusion that the effect of training oť attention appeared in neither group after three weeks. The empirical part is completed with a questionnaire. We addressed the specialist who work with patients after brain injury and asked them what they thought about the training oť attention by means oť computer...
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Procognitive effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
Kučerová, Hana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
V současné době se problematika kognitivních funkcí u depresivních pacientů dostává do popředí zájmu neuropsychologického výzkumu. Ukazuje se totiž, že porucha ovlivňuje praktický život pacientů. Dává se do souvislosti zejména se sociálním a pracovním selháváním. Bližší prozkoumání podstaty a specifického obrazu kognitivního poškození tak může přispět k hlubšímu pochopení depresivní poruchy a k vytvoření zacílených a efektivních programů její nápravy. Přesto se v současné klinické praxi hodnotí kognitivní výkon u depresivní poruchy spíše výjimečně. Hodnocení kognitivních funkcí např. u schizofrenie je již běžnou součástí klinického vyšetření, zatímco u depresivní poruchy je ještě stále považováno za "nadstandardní". Je to poměrně překvapivé, zvláště když si uvědomíme, že například měření poruch paměti je svým způsobem objektivnější než posuzování jiných významných symptomů deprese jako je její závažnost či přítomnost poruch spánku. Kromě toho je kognitivní deficit pravděpodobně 7 klíčovým faktorem, podle kterého se odvíjí schopnost sociálního fungování nemocných a tím i doba návratu do zaměstnání. Repetitivní transkraniální magnetická stimulace (rTMS) představuje novou možnost léčby depresivních poruch. Výhodou je zejména možnost působit pouze na danou oblast mozkové kůry. Na rozdíl od elektrokonvulzivní...
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Executive functions in patients with frontal code damage
Hůrková, Jana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Executive function testing is very difficult for many reason.s. In everyday life there are situations in which standard neuropsychological tests do not uncover damage of executive functions, which is utterly obvious. Therefore, the aim of the research was to verify one of the possibilities how to get executive function testing doser to reallife and this way to contribute to improving thc diagnosis of executive functions. In the research the performances of a group of 19 respondents with dysexecutive syndrome were compared with the performances of a control group of 19 healthy respondents. Both groups were tested in two testing situations - in silence (standard testing) and in noise (real conditions). The identical tests of the NEUROP-2 program were u sed in both situations, namely KIQ, PAARE, GO fNO-GO, LISEQ, HANOI and NATE tests. The PAARE, LISEQ and NATE tests have not confirmed a noise effect on any of the groups. On the other hand, the results of the KIQ and HANOI tests have shown that in noisy conditions the performances of the group of the people with dysexecutive syndrome have got worse. In the KIQ test this deterioration was statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant differences between the performances of the group of the respondents with dysexecutive syndrome and the performances of...
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