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Formal and material aspekt of the notion of a crime
Ranostaj, Michal ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Šámal, Pavel (referee)
I. Preview The recent adoption of the new Penal code in Czech republic has entailed a range of new approaches, including new conception of the notion of the crime - a crucial institution of the penal law itself, stretching from the fundamental questions of criminal liability via the institution of an attempt to the field of penal procedure. This has give rise to multiple juridical questions, that this work aims to analyse. II. Subject of analysis One of the principal objectives of this diploma thesis is to be seen in the delineating of conclusions of the positive school of penal law and evaluating the measure to which they influenced the Czechoslovak legislation in the realm of criminal law, examining the role of the phenomenon of the social dangerousness in relation to the particular questions on the field of substantial as well as procedural law. III. Prior research Due to its extensiveness and position in the point of intersection of multiple disciplines , the points at issue have been continuously subject to academic works of numerous authors, stretching from the ancient philosophers, religious authors, canonic jurists, on shoulders of whom the modern jurisprudence had elaborated several conceptions that influenced the modern codifications and have been a significant source of inspiration to...
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Adaptation of children to the role of schooler
Vísnerová, Tereza ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The subject of my thesis is the analysis of data from observation of the first class of primary school. A child is confronted with many requirements at the beginning of school. In my work I am trying to detect school adjustment process in terms of the fresh scholar. First, I try to define the core areas to which must adapt the child entering school. This core area is here called contexts,. Then I focus on subelements of these areas of school adjustment, which result requirements for the psyche of the pupil. On the basis of observation, I identified three main areas, contexts: 1. the physical context, 2. social context and 3. school-task context. The physical context relates on such elements of the school adaptation, which are inanimated - spaces and objects. It is the need to learn how to orientate oneself in the new environment and to organize school equipments and tools. The social context is related to adaptation to new social relationships of child at school (other pupils, teacher etc.). And the scholl-task context is aimed specifically at school demands, work. An important regulator of school pupils to adapt to the first class is the clasp teacher, which manages the process. According to the demandingness of the process of adaptation to school, is my next major effort of identifying such expressions of...
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Crisis - family break up-from a child 's view
Nevoralová, Monika ; Procházková, Jana (advisor) ; Hadj - Moussová, Zuzana (referee)
This graduation thesis topic is "Crisis- family break up- from a child's view". As the name Prompts, this paper is focused at the crisis in general, at the crisis in family and also? in detail? at the situation of family break up (or divorce) from a child's view. It is without doubt that the family plays a key role in child's development. It is the first community that a child meets in its life and from which it receives main ways of behavior which are necessary for its social existence. At the same time family is also a place, which is predisposed for getting into crises, family crisis is a period of explosive atmosphere and the family is more endangered by break up. At Present, divorce or family break up are widespread in our society. Beside divorce or partners break up a l s o informal family break up exists husbands or partners still live together but their mutual relationship is *i Very conflictful. Therefore it is possible to say that many children are endangered by disadvantageous s»uation in the family. In this work attention is aimed to children behavior during family crises, childrens' ideas about sřlving critical situations and knowledge of supportive measures. Closer attention is also given to children reactions to parents divorce, parents break up, forms of communications between children and...
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Working with prisoners and the formation of standardized programs
Bajcura, Lubomír ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Sochůrek, Jan (referee) ; Černíková, Vratislava (referee)
In the year 2007 for the Prison Service of the Czech Republic the new treatment program for offenders of commercially motivated sexual abuse of children became preferred. Community is very focused on this area of criminality. In 2007 there were 1 205 of abuse of children. Getting over the long-standing taboo has criminological consequences, which has been confirmed by records on sexual abuse and maltreatment in personal files of dangerous offenders. Therefore, special treatment with offenders of sexual abuse of children represents part of the fight against the most serious criminality and contributes to protection to the most vulnerable members of our community. Commercially motivated sexual abuse of children has been frequently accomplished through a third person that uses pressure or violence on a child. That is why offenders deny their guilt before both the community and their own conscience. The standardized program should guide an offender towards recognition of reasons and consequences of his/her criminal activities. The research part of this thesis concentrates on how the program is perceived by both the offenders and the realization team. The huge potential of the educational part of the program, where facts and theoretical information on the specific criminal activities play the formative role, was...
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International involvement in the peacebuilding process on Sri Lanka
Mojžíš, Michal ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Burešová, Jana (referee)
The final months of Sri Lankan civil war, the 26 year military campaign between the Government of Sri Lanka and the insurgent separatist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, are marked by allegations of war crimes committed by both parties of the conflict, including attacks on civilians, summary executions of prisoners, enforced disappearances, restrictions on humanitarian assistance and recruitment of children. Since the attempts to put the Sri Lankan issue on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council failed on the unwillingness of China and Russia, the UN bodies in Geneva have taken a leading role in promoting the peacebuilding process on the island. The thesis aims to analyse the impact of the Geneva-based human rights bodies, in particular of the United Nations Human Rights Council, on the process of reconciliation in Sri Lanka, for which is crucial that the alleged violations of human rights in the last months of the civil war would be properly investigated and that the perpetrators would be held accountable. In order to put the activity of the UN Human Rights Council into broader context, the paper will examine the political development in Sri Lanka since the end of the civil war in 2009 as well as the failed efforts of Sri Lankan governments to launch the process of reconciliation.
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Supported Emplayment from the Perspective of Emplayers
MYŠÁKOVÁ, Hana
The philosophy of supported employment in the Czech Republic has been developing for over than twenty years. Nevertheless this service is still neglected and only a few non-profit organizations put it into practice. The service is not legislatively based and also the society does not have a clear opinion on employment of people with disabilities. Current labour market situation is not advantageous at all. Therefore some support of disabled people looking for a job is becoming more necessary and required. The employers are an important part of the whole problems, because their attitude to the idea of supported employment plays a significant role. The bachelor's thesis "Supported Employment from the Perspective of Employers" has pretentions to look into supported employment from the employers' point of view. They are not active initiators of the service, but they are important participants for its successful realization. The theoretical part of the thesis tries to describe the basic problems. It covers the service of supported employment from historical development to its importance. It focuses on special characteristics of disabilities and their social impact on human beings. The closing part is dedicated to working opportunities for people with disabilities in the circumstances of current legislative and economic situation. The practical part is written in the form of a qualitative research. The method of questioning and semi-structured interviews were used for the purposes of the research. Eight people were chosen intentionally for the survey. The data gained from the interviews were analysed with the method of open coding. The main aim of the thesis was to map out empoyers' experience with the service of supported employment. Motivation of employers to put this service into practice was the next part of the research. The question was: "What reasons for realization of supported employment do predominate by employers?" The research showed the most frequent facts, which predestine the integration possibility of disabled people in open labour market fundamentally. After the interviews and answering the questions of the research, it was possible to describe the employers' experience with the supported employment service and also their main incentives for its realization. It was found out that employers' experience with the supported employment service is quite limited. Employers often get to know it through the agency for supported employment, which is not only the initiator of cooperation, but it also plays an important role when a disabled person is being employed. An important point of successful employment is often how the emploeyer is satisfied with the agency. The employment of disabled people often brings certain risks connected with the limits of disabilities. Employers, who enable disabled people to work, are aware of that. The impulse for employment can vary from financial advantages, company philantrophy to personal solidarity of the employer. Social responsibility of the company is becoming a trend, that many employers start to know. But it can be presumed to influence the employment of more people with disabilities and at the same time the looking up the supported employment service by the employers. This bachelor's thesis can be contributive to understanding the importance of employment for disabled people's living. It brings information about the employers' experience with the realization of supported employment and motivation to the realization. It can also help to uncover integration obstacles of people with disabilities in open labour market.
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Inclusion of disabled: demand or supply ? Acceptance from others (biographic approach)
Votrubcová, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
Disblement is a part of our society. To the core of social life pertains also a social contact which allows us to check up our understanding of social reality and gives us the feedbach of our acting and behavior. According to this feedbach we act. View on handicap as a social construct is stigmatizing. Inequality in society is more often uderstood as the result of interaction. Disabled people have stigmatized identity which further influences the interaction and inclusion to the society. The integration is very important, stands before the interaction and depends on understanding disability by the people without any handicap and also by people with disabilities. Stigmatized persons are considered deviant and can have feelings of loneliness. From the medical point of view the handicap is considered as a restricting factor, which does not allow people with disabilities to perform basic roles in society. The social model regards disability as a construct, which is created by interaction.
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