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Philosophical approach to life and death of people who were between life and death
Příplatová, Silvie ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Prokešová, Miriam (referee)
This dissertation thesis goes into the depths of philosophical reflection on the nature of human existence and its relationship to life and death, especially for individuals who have gone through extreme life situations. The thesis explores attitudes towards free will, life and death in people who have found themselves on the brink of life, whether due to addiction, illness or other life-threatening situations. The aim is not only to analyse changes in these individuals' attitudes towards life and death, but also to explore the intellectual and philosophical development that may be prompted by this existential limit. Regardless of the cause of this confrontation with the limit of life and death, we seek to uncover how this experience affects the deeper dimensions of human existence. The work is based on the conviction that illness, although challenging on the physical plane, has an extraordinary effect on the spiritual sphere. It also highlights the impact of illness on the physical and spiritual aspects of the human being and seeks to show this by examining the works of great philosophers whose ideas have shaped the world. We will support this claim by analysing the works of important philosophers whose ideas have shaped our understanding of human existence. From Aristotle to Descartes, Nietzsche...
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Philosophical reflections of creative experience
Fridmanová, Milena ; Koubová, Alice (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee) ; Pokorný, Vít (referee)
Fridmanová, M.: Philosophical reflections of creative experience This dissertation is dedicated to the topic of the creative experience. The creative experience is not something "made" by us, but at the same time it does not occur without our activity and readiness. The basic question addressed by this dissertation is, how can we contribute to the process of being met by creative impulses and to the ability of grasping them and finally transforming them into a piece of art. The dissertation sets off from a premise that current notions of creativity are referring to a romantic conception, stating that the work of art is made by a genius creating through supernatural powers, which are beyond his personal grasp. In the 20th century, the creative experience has undergone a vast scientific examination, especially in the field of psychology; which confirmed that creativity is possessed by everyone and can be developed. This result raises the question, which aspects of the creative process can be affected and which cannot? The first chapters of the dissertation elaborate on the philosophical interpretation of three expositions of the creative experience - by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Gadamer. The intention of this interpretation is to point to contradictory motives of individual conceptions....
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WILL ACCORDING TO ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Demjančuk, Nikolaj (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis aims to clarify the notion of will of Arthur Schopenhauer in a historical context. The understanding of will in Schopenhauer's predecessors - Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel - will also be covered. The paper will try to discover what impact their notion of will had on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is the topic of the second, most important part of the thesis. It will present Schopenhauer's understanding of the world as will and idea. According to Schopenhauer, everything in the world is subordinate to causal laws, which the thesis also presents. There are even more topics to be covered - the partition of the world to subject and objects, which exist only for the subject, examples of manifestation of the will in nature and different branches of science, the impossibility of freedom and so on. Our attention will also be focused on what impact Schopenhauer's notion of will had on his aethetics and ethics. The last part deals with the voluntarism of Friedrich Nietzsche, who transforms Schopenhauer's pessimistic notion of a cruel will to life to an optimistic will to power. In relation to this, several topics will be covered - ressentiment as a consequence of the massive spread of slave morality, the cruitique of Christianity and Nietzsche's expectation of the overman's arrival.
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