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Biofeedback in patients with balance disorders
Čakrt, Ondřej ; Jeřábek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Hlavačka, František (referee)
This dissertation is providing evidence that rehabilitation with biofeedback improves postural stability in patients with poor balance. We used two methods of biofeedback during the rehabilitation of the patient groups, visual control and electrotactile stimulation of the tongue. The thesis is based on the body of five scientific publications. The introduction is explaining how postural stability is controlled and how this is assessed by posturografic examination. Discussed also is neurorehabilitation using biofeedback, in patients with poor balance. Throughout the first experiment, we studied the effect of rehabilitation using visual feedback in patients during the early postoperative period after resection of vestibular schwannoma. The results showed stability adaptation is accelerated, using visual biofeedback in patients who have early postoperative rehabilitation, when compared to patients who did not use biofeedback during the postoperative rehabilitation. In the second experiment, we focused on assessing the subjective visual vertical in patients with defined postural deformity - idiopathic scoliosis. Our results showed that patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) have an abnormal perception of subjective visual vertical when compared to age matched healthy individuals. This finding supports the...
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus
Milerová, Jana ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Mohr, Pavel (referee) ; Syka, Josef (referee)
Tinnitus is a common and often severely disabling symptom that is characterized by the perceived sensation of sound in the absence of an external stimulus. Traditional treatment approaches have limited efficacy. It is assumed, that tinnitus is connected with dysfunctional activation of neuronal plasticity induced by altered sensory and somatosensory input. Adaptive neuroplastic processes alter the balance between excitatory and inhibitory function of the auditory system at several levels. Functional imaging studies in tinnitus patients have revealed increased neronal activity of primary auditory cortex (PAC). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes of neuronal activity that outlast the stimulation period. Low-frequency rTMS over the PAC region results in a decrease of cortical activity by inducing long term depression (LTD) and leads to reduced tinnitus perception. The aim of this study was to assess in prospective randomized placebo- controlled study the ability of active low-frequency rTMS guided by frameless stereotaxy to affect symptoms of chronic tinnitus compared to placebo stimulation. Treatment outcome was assessed by subjective specific questionnaires; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and Visual analogue scales (VAS1, VAS2)...
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Changes in Brain Metabolism in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Revealed by Quantitative Electroencephalography and Positron Emission Tomography
Kohútová, Barbora ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Libiger, Jan (referee) ; Syka, Josef (referee)
Low Resolution Brain Elecromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) is a method of quantitative EEG (QEEG), which permits 3D tomography of electrical brain activity. Positron emission tomography (PET) reflects changes of brain metabolism and regional blood flow. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the neurobiological correlates of changes in psychopathology during treatment of schizophrenia and depression, revealed by QEEG and PET, subsequently to evaluate the applicability of these two methods, and third to compare the mechanism of two therapeutic tools, antipsychotics and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) from QEEG point of view. The first part contains the theoretical information about disorders and therapeutic tools and the review of QEEG and PET findings. The empirical part is based on four articles (Tislerova et al., 2008; Horacek et al., 2007; Kopecek et al., 2011; Kopecek et al., 2008) and a common discussion constitutes the end part. In the study 1, we compared schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or clozapine with antipsychotic-naive patients. We found changes of electrical activity in anterior cingulate and in temporo-limbic structures. In the study 2 we studied schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations treated by LF-rTMS. The clinical improvement was...
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Spatial Cognition in Dynamic Environments
Blahna, Karel ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Yamamotová, Anna (referee)
Innate and acquired navigational abilities of animals are often used for purposes cf study of neural mechanisms and modeling of cognitive functions. Detailed analysis of behavior allows Berger understanding of some brain structures, such as the hippocampus, entorhinal and posterior parietal cortices, and their role in these phenomena. Most of behavioral tasks involved stable environment, although the world surrounding us dynamically changes every minute. The thesis aimed at extending the knowledge of behavior of laboratory animals in mobile environments and the involvement of brain structures in processing of dynamit information.
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Clinical and elektrophysiology longitudinal study of children with hereditary neurophathy Charlot-Marie-Tooth type 1A
Haberlová, Jana ; Seeman, Pavel (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Ambler, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vondráček, Petr (referee)
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, known asCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) and with an incidence of 1:2500 -1:10 000, is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Type CMT 1A is the most common form of CMT refering to the group of primary demyelinitateing motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. CMT phenotype is clinically characterized by chronic slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy with hypo or areflexia and mild to moderate acral sensory loss. The lower limbs are predominantly affected. The aims of this study were to describe the first and most common signs of CMT1A during the first decade of life, to characterize their progression, and evaluate the sensitivity of CMTNS (Charcot-Marie- Tooth neuropath scale) for CMT1A young children. Sixteen children aged 3 to 10 years with genetically proven CMT 1A were examined. All patients were clinically examined, underwent electrophysiological examination, and were scored by CMTNS. Eight were followed for up to two years. Our data shows that CMT 1A in children under the age of 10 years causes only a mild disability. Initial signs of CMT 1A were difficulty in heel walking (15/16, 93%) and lower limb hypo or areflexia ( 13/16, 81%). The test of heel walking can be easily used as a screening test for hereditary neuropathies in pediatrics....
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The changes of hearing function during the postnatal development
Groh, Daniel ; Syka, Josef (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Dlouhá, Olga (referee) ; Valvoda, Jaroslav (referee)
8 přítomny spontánní otoakustické emise (SOAE). Amplitudy otoakustických emisí TEOAE, jejichž frekvenční spektrum leželo v rozmezí 0,5-8 kHz, se výrazně snižovaly s věkem. Vysokofrekvenční sluchová ztráta se tedy může odrazit ve snížení amplitudy TEOAE měřené na nízkých a středních frekvencích. Vyhodnocení sluchových ztrát v rozšířeném frekvenčním pásmu spolu se záznamem TEOAE a SOAE může napomoci detekci počínajících sluchových poruch v dětském věku, které nemohou být odhaleny klasickou audiometrií s frekvencí do 8 kHz. Ve studii byly dále hodnoceny audiologické charakteristiky dětí a mladistvích trpících tinnitem různé etiologie a porovnány s obdobnými vyšetřeními u kontrolní skupiny stejně starých dobrovolníků. U jednotlivých pacientů nebyla nalezena korelace mezi původem tinnitu a výsledky audiometrických testů, tj. tónovým audiogramem a výsledky záznamu evokovaných otoakustických emisí (TEOAE a DPOAE). Byl zjištěn pouze významně nižší výskyt SOAE (44,6 % uší) u mladých pacientů s tinnitem v porovnání s 62,5% uší v kontrolní skupině dětí a mladistvých. Nicméně byla pozorována silná závislost amplitud a frekvenčních charakteristik TEOAE a DPOAE na stupni sluchové ztráty bez ohledu na zdroj tinnitu. SUMMARY Experimental part Mechanisms of age-related hearing loss were studied in two rat strains. In aged...
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Spatial choices of animals based on abstract visual stimuli: Configuration or shape?
Nekovářová, Tereza ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Spatial cognition as a model for study of learning, memory and problem solving has a long history in neurosciences. This cognitive ability is used for several reasons. Firstly, the ability to form the inner representation of a space, to orient in an environment, to perceive positions of prominent objects and of other animals is essential for all mammals and birds. Thus it is natural for animals to perform such behavior even in experimental conditions. Secondly, it is possible to compare spatial cognition of different species in similar tasks. And thirdly, there are strong indices of the possible neuroanatomical substrate and mechanism underlying spatial cognition. There are different strategies of navigation in an environment, which could be distinguished by different criterions. They differ in the frames of reference in which the observer operates, i.e. whether the co-ordinates are centered in a subject (egocentric orientation) or whether the co-ordinates encode only the relations between objects and dominants in the environment and they are not dependent on observer (geocentric orientation). The navigational strategies also differ by the type of cues that are used for navigation. In allothetic orientation the subject employs external landmarks, which may be not only visual stimuli, but also the stimuli of...
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Vliv hluku na zdraví člověka a životního prostředí
Ústav experimentální medicíny AV ČR, Praha ; Syka, Josef
Řešení projektu je zaměřeno na výzkum specifických účinků hluku na sluchový systém pokusných zvířat s možností přenosu výsledků na člověka. Pokusná měření byla prováděna na morčatech a laboratorních potkanech. Kromě experimentálního měření bylo hodnocení vlivu hluku zaměřeno na sluchový systém člověka. Účinky sociálního hluku byly studovány u skupiny dobrovolníků, kteří strávili čtyři hodiny na simulované diskotéce.
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