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Family psychoeducation and relapse prevention in psychotic disorders
Pleštilová, Lenka ; Bankovská Motlová, Lucie (advisor)
Relapse prevention is a primary long-term clinical goal in treatment of psychotic disorders. Pharmacotherapy by itself is not sufficient, because compliance of patients in remission is usually low and there are more factors contributing to relapse, especially stress of patients resulting from emotionally demanding situations in the family. PREDUKA (PREventive EDUcational programme for relapse prevention) is a six-hour professionally-led group programme for patients with psychotic disorders in ambulant therapy and for their relatives. In a field questionnaire survey we mapped 1) theoretical knowledge of participants, 2) usage of practical advice obtained from PREDUKA and 3) general benefit of programme. Participants from years 2007 - 2009 were included. The sample consisted of 14 patients and 22 relatives, 27 women and 11 men. The average age of patients was 28,6 years, that of relatives 44,4 years. High return of questionnaires from patients confirms their goodwill to cooperate. Knowledge of participants about psychosis and their therapy is very good, compliance of patients from our sample is high. Participants usually follow advice obtained from PREDUKA. Common is the ignorance of important phone numbers (crisis centre, attending psychiatrist), so we suggest to include a page in a workbook for these dates....
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Treatment of biological samples before HPLC analysis - determination of alfa-tocoferol in erythrocyte membrane
Pospíchalová, Naďa ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Matysová, Ludmila (referee)
α-Tocopherol is the principal membrane antioxidant in mammalian cells, although antioxidant is not the only mechanism of this vitamin. Many studies consider erytrocyte α-tocopherol levels to be more suitable to assess the tocopherol status of organism than its plasma levels. This thesis presents erytrocyte membranes α-tocopherol HPLC-UV analysis with diferential ultracentrigation and solid phase extraction sample pretreatment. Red cell samples were ultracentrifuged (288 000 × g, 3 minutes, 4 řC) in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), D-mannitol, HEPES and CaCl2. Then α-tocopherol was extracted from erytrocyte membranes by solid phase extraction with n-hexane in the presence of ascorbic acid and tocopherol acetate internal standard. The extract was dissolved in methanol and separated on the monolithic column Chromolith Performance RP-18e (100 4.6 mm) using a 100% methanol as the mobile phase. The absorbance of α-tocopherol was measured at 295 nm wavelength.
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Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
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Cariovascular Profile, Level of Its Control in Relation to Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Nussbaumerová, Barbora ; Rosolová, Hana (advisor) ; Lacigová, Silvie (referee) ; Málková, Jana (referee) ; Soška, Vladimír (referee)
1. A sample of 415 type 2 diabetic (DM2) subjects was examined. The control of cardiovascular risk factors, e.g. blood pressure, lipids and glucose metabolism, is unsatisfactory in this sample. There is a lack in nonpharmacological treatment and regimen - physical activity, smoking, low energy diet. The choice of antihypertensive treatment is satisfactory. Many patients have only the monotherapy. The antihypertensives are underdosed. We are not sure about the compliance. The treatment of dyslipidemia is not sufficient enough, there is a lack of the statin + fibrate combination therapy. The nonpharmacological regimen in needed for better glucose metabolism compensation. The pharmacotherapy should be indicated earlier (esp. metformin). 2. The prevalence of microvascular complications (mvc) was high in this sample (54%), especially the diabetic nefropathy (95%). The macrovascular compliactions (MVC) were present in 27% subjects, more in men, 55% of them had coronary heart disease. Subjects with MVC had more often mvc. The risk profile was worse in subjects with any vascular complications. The common risk factors in association with both MVC and mvc were the age over 60 years and hsCRP plasma level over 1 mg/L. We follow the sample prospectively to estimate predictive factors for vascular complications. 3. We...
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The Effect of Ankle Taping on the Onset the Muscle Fatigue of M. Tibialis Anterior a M. Gastrocnemius
Louda, Zdeněk ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee) ; Pánek, David (advisor)
Background: Taping is widely used both as a preventive and stimulative means in sport and as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders apparatus. Effect of taping is not yet clearly understood, as well as a mechanism tape which affects muscles and their performance or fatigue. In the publications we learn about the effects and benefits taping, some publications agree on theories influence, but objectively it is not proven mechanism of its effects on the organism. Objective: The aim is to create an overview of theoretical knowledge concerning the topic taping, created on the basis of theoretical knowledge, hypothesis, and accordingly build clinical study. It examines whether a taping functional caliper legs influence the activity selected muscles of the lower leg. Methods: In five subjects with no previous trauma in the ankle was compared course median frequency EMG signal at a constant isometric muscle contraction intensity by 30% MVC for two minutes to m. triceps surae and m. tibialis anterior-free conditions and applications tapu functional caliper legs. Median frequency conditions with taping applications were compared with the state without application of taping and to each other by statistical function T test. Results: In the theoretical part has managed to create sufficient...
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Experimental use of selected cholesterol-lowering drugs as potential candidates in modification of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease
Cibičková, Ľubica ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Hlúbik, Pavol (referee) ; Jabor, Antonín (referee)
Rationale: The current standard treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is represented by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. In the pathogenesis of AD, cholesterol is directly involved. Its blood and brain levels positively correlate with amyloid β (Aβ) - a peptide characteristic for AD and capable of increasing AChE activity. Based on these data, we may suppose that cholesterol-lowering medication such as statins and alendronate might confer protection against dementia, probably via modulation of cholesterol synthesis in the brain. The aim of the present studies was to investigate possible influence of two lipophilic statins (simvastatin and atorvastatin) and alendronate on cholesterol synthesis in selected parts of the rat central nervous system (CNS) and other parameters relevant to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Methods: We have performed 3 similar experiments on awaked rats that were administered simvastatin, atorvastatin, alendronate or aqua. At the conclusion of experiments, blood and brain parts were isolated and analyzed for cholesterol, lathosterol, hydroxymethylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase protein, acetylcholinesterase activity, amyloid beta (40 and 42) and cholesterol synthesis rate. Results: All drugs at higher doses were able to lower cholesterol in the plasma, but none...
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Clinical and cost effectiveness of antibiotic treatment of respiratory infections
Bártů, Václava ; Sechser, Tomáš (advisor) ; Homolka, Jiří (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee)
Background. Respiratory tract infections belong among the most frequent inflammatory affections. They are mostly cured as outpatients. Cases with complicated or serious course have to be hospitalized. The aim of the projeet was to evaluate the procedures of physicians of pulmonary department in the diagnosis and therapy of respiratory infections including community acquired pneumonia of inpatients. The drug prescription and its adherence to the positive list were evaluated. Clinical effectivity of therapy was evaluated according to the acquired data and cost effectivity was followed up. Methods. The projeet included 200 patients who were examined and treated according recommended standard guidelines as "usually". All diagnostic and therapeutic activity depends only on the decision of the physician without any intervention. As the patient was accepted and received antibiotics, so immediately he entered the study. The projeet protocol consisted of usual questions on which physician had to response during his deciding diagnostic and therapeutic action. The projeet had non-intervention character. The results of all decisions and examinations were recorded so to the documents of patient as to the protocol of the projeet and at the same moment to the PATS in the order not to be changed. Conclusions. Data analysis...
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Boston Naming Test in preoperative examination in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Libertínová, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Theoretical part of this thesis concems Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Epilepsy surgery as an important option of the treatment of these patients. lt introduces respective methods used in complex preoperative diagnostics stressing the neuropsychological preoperative examination. Majority of basic cognitive functions - memory, speech and IQ - are lateralised. Functionality of temporallobe is reflected by ability of naming. We introduce the Boston Naming Test (BNT) used in preoperative diagnostics of pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients to locate the epileptogenic region. Empirical part concems Czech adaptation and standardisation of BNT and describes pivotal study with 38 healthy persons and 38 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Main objective was to check criterial validity ofBNT" Statistical analysis shows highly significant differencies between scores of healthy controls and epilepsy patients. (p < 0,000). Test shows 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.
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Social economics and a treatment of unemployment in towns and regions
Kozák, Petr ; Kadeřábková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jetmar, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis "Social economics and a treatment of unemployment in towns and regions" addresses on an area of social enterprise and also has an ambition to proof, that in this area is hidden a huge potential for future resolutions of unemployment of specific group of people. The thesis is divided into two main parts. First which is theoretic and methodical is based on explanation of a basic terms, a description of previous development of this phenomena in Czech Republic and in selected european countries. It also deals with definitions of basic relationships occuring in this economic area. An essential component is also a legal basis and an explanation of a regularization of social enterprise. The second part is focused on an established and efficient subject in an area of the social enteprise in Czech republic. There are calculated all pros and cons of a given organization with a consideration of theoretical knowledge from first part of the thesis. The main target is to proof, that those companies, organizations and firms which are based on "social-economical" aproach should be maintained not only for their social aspects, but also for their financial assets for public sector and private sector aswell.
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Th Role of Experimental Treatment with Statins on the Expression of Genes Involved in the Pathogenesiis of Pancreatic Cancer
Marková, Lucie ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Krechler, Tomáš (referee)
Úvod: Karcinom pankreatu patří mezi nádorová onemocnění s nejhorší prognózou. Vzhledem к lokalizaci pankreatu v retroperitoneu i dalším anatomickým a patofyziologickým souvislostem se příznaky karcinomu slinivky objevují velmi pozdě a u většiny nemocných již není možné zahájit radikální léčbu. Z těchto důvodů jen 5% nemocných přežívá 5 let od stanovení diagnózy. Většinou postihuje nemocné mezi 30-70 lety, přičemž průměrný věk v době stanovení diagnózy je přibližně 56 let. V posledním desetiletí se dostává do popředí zájmu tzv. DNA microarray technologie umožňující monitorování exprese genů. Exprese genů představuje komplexní proces, kterým je genetická informace uložená ve formě deoxyribonukleové kyseliny (DNA) přeměněna v konkrétní buněčné struktury a metabolické nástroje. Produkty exprese genů jsou molekuly bílkovin, jsou jimi však i ribonukleové kyseliny (RNA). Statiny (inhibitory HMG-CoA reduktázy) patří mezi klíčové léky v léčbě hypercholesterolémie. Z výzkumných studií vyplývá, že tato skupina léků má velmi významné protinádorové vlastnosti. Inhibicí HMGCoA reduktázy, klíčového enzymu v syntéze cholesterolu, totiž dochází také к depleci jednotlivých meziproduktů v syntéze cholesterolu, z nichž nejvýznamnější je farnesyl pyrofosfát hrající důležitou roli v buněčné signalizaci ovlivňující apoptózu....
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