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From Language to Sign: Three Stages of Cognitivism
Kadavá, Šárka ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis outlines the three phases of cognitivism, which emerged in the first half of the 20th century as a reaction to the anti-mentalist tradition of philosophical thinking (represented by Charles S. Peirce and Charles Morris), and which was made possible in particular by the so- called linguistic turn in science (especially within analytic philosophy), which replaced mental units, regarded as non-scientific, with linguistic units, conceived as reflecting mental states and, moreover, allowing for adequate investigation. The thesis is largely guided by Thomas C. Daddesio's On Minds and Symbols, which is considered to be one of the first explicit attempts to formulate a cognitive-semiotic perspective, and wherein the author traces the previous development of the cognitive paradigm. Thus, first the factors that made the emergence of cognitivism possible are described, followed by an account of its development, which can be divided into two phases, as per Daddesio's model. This paper, however, goes beyond Daddesio's book and establishes a third phase, where cognitivism emerges as a separate field of inquiry within semiotics, i.e., cognitive semiotics. Within this development, the work traces in particular the transformation of the conception of the relationship between language and mind, which is...
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The Discourse of Visuality of Grammar School Pupil
Včelišová, Karolína ; Daniel, Ladislav (advisor) ; Fremlová, Vendula (referee) ; Babyrádová, Hana (referee)
The dissertation deals with visuality, its perception by pupils of the secondary school. The theoretical part of the work defines the concept of image, visuality, their contextual frameworks. It takes into account the discursivity of these concepts. The aim of the research is to determine students' preferences in the concept of visuality. It seeks theoretical foundation in the areas of: visual sphere - artistic production, new media; art history; spheres of humanities - philosophy, pedagogy, psychology. It also deals with communication and linguistics. It applies knowledge of a semiotic nature. Research design is applied action research of a qualitative nature. It uses the methodology of Grounded Theory and triangulation. The research part of the thesis contains evaluated questionnaire surveys, reflecting selected artifacts. Interpreted student outcomes. These are evaluated using the obtained data to answer research questions. The thesis brings a new perspective on visual information, from the perspective of the pupil. KEYWORDS Visuality, Discourse, Picture, Sign, Pupils artwork, Qualitative research
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SigN from Bacillus subtilis: Functional characterization.
Kambová, Milada ; Krásný, Libor (advisor) ; Nešvera, Jan (referee)
Bacillus subtilis strain 3610 is an ancestral undomesticated strain. It diers from the laboratory strain 168 in many aspects. One dierence in strain 3610 is the presence of plasmid pBS32 encoding the sigma factor N (σN). This σ factor is activated when DNA damage occurs and induces the bacteria's cell death. The aim of the Thesis was a systematic characterisation of σN-dependent transcription. First, I showed that plasmid-borne but not chromosome-borne predicted σN-dependent promoters were ac- tive in transcription in vitro. Next, the anities of RNAP with σN for DNA, initiating NTP (iNTP) were determined for both relaxed and supercoiled DNA templates. Sur- prisingly, the activity of RNAP on relaxed σN-dependent promoters was higher than on their supercoiled versions, an opposite trend than displayed by RNAP associated with other σ factors. This property of σN-dependent promoters was not encoded by the core promoter sequence. In summary, this Thesis contributed to our understanding of the bacterial transcription apparatus. 1
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See and Be Seen
Zoubková, Andrea ; Fišerová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kitzbergerová, Leonora (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with phenomenon of social network coopering with visual content (Instagram and Facebook), particularly as a conception of platforms as a place for individual self-presentation and also as place in which massive deformation of reality comes about. Didactic part is aimed to project thematic whole of art exercise into an art education in which cultivation of student's visual literacy should take place in area of working with identity in virtual reality. Explorative probe pursuing forms of self-representation and using symbols of self-representation of students will focus on mystification by image. Thesis will be based on author dialogue with a piece art of René Magritte "Ceci n'est pas une pipe.". KEYWORDS Self-presentation; new media; social network; photography; identity; manipulation; sign; deformation of reality; art education
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Consequences of Reconceptualization of New Media Artworks
Scholz, Petr ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
Within the new social and technological conditions of the second half of the 20th century, new conceptions of art are being established, later described as "New Media Art". Automated processes (often with integration of artificial intelligence) of artistic creation questions the status of authorship over the final artifact. Next to the ambiguities regarding the status of the artist, the nature of the works themselves is also changing (uniqueness, simulations). The aim of the thesis is to provide theoretical and philosophical analysis of new media artworks based on the synthesis of theoretical background provided by perspectives of multiple authors. This theoretical frame, along with own practical knowledge, will be used for the analysis of selected specific new media art projects, which will provide a closer view on the contemporary computer generated artworks. The end of the thesis will be formulate thoughts about possible future developments in the field of automated creation of algorithmic art or authorship.
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The Role of Play in Peirce's Semiotics
Borč, Marek ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Gvoždiak, Vít (referee)
This thesis focuses on the basic delimiting of the issue of play within the framework C. S. Peirce's semiotics. Its objective is to expound and explicate the role of the phenomena of play in Peirce's philosophy using selected Peirce's texts and secondary literature, whereas our main starting-point is Peirce's identification of play with the inferential form of abduction. As such play is connected to Peirce's theories of sign and inference, as well as to the concepts of synechism, evolutionary cosmology and pragmatism. This finding sets Peirce's theory of inference within critical logic as one of the key themes of the thesis. In relation to this finding we give a basic explanation of Peirce's phaneroscopy and speculative grammar which in dependency on Peirce's classification of sciences set the ground for our analysis of play as a process of inference as well as a significant function. Within the framework of critical logic we focus primarily on abduction, especially on the question of the validity of abduction as a form of logical reasoning as well as on Peirce's transition from understanding different forms of inference as separate processes to understanding them as a continuous and interdependent whole of the scientific method. We develop Peirce's brief conception of play through an excursion...
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A semiotic Analysis of the Terms "Refugee" and "Migrant" in the Context of the Current Immigration Crisis
Fridrichová, Jesika ; Podzimek, Jan (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is semiotic analysis of terms "refugee" and "migrant" in the context of the current migration crisis. The thesis deals with analyzing these terms as semiotic signs. It deals with the way in which selected media treat these terms. Three Czech media were chosen for the research, with 15 selected articles containing research terms from each of them. The sample includes serious news (Aktualne.cz), tabloid news (Blesk.cz) as well as a blog (Blog iDnes.cz) as a journalistic platform, to which anyone can contribute. The research deals with the influence of the media on the formation of concepts and is framed by the theory of social construction of reality presented by T. Luckmann and P. L. Berger. The thesis deals with analysis on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. In the theoretical part, the theory of social construction of reality is outlined first. Then the thesis briefly introduces the circumstances of the migration crisis and the basic differences in the meaning of the analyzed signifiers and finally introduces the analytical concepts, which are Morris classification of semiotics, Saussure's distinction between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships, as well as interrelationships in which individual words can appear in the text. The practical part then...
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World War II Posters and Propaganda
Studený, Dominik ; Řehořová, Irena (advisor) ; Gvoždiak, Vít (referee)
The thesis offers semiotic analysis of the World War II poster. It examines the fundamental rhetorical and visual examples based on specific ideological context. The thesis presents the representative war posters of the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States of America and Nazi Germany. Selected samples of the Czechoslovak posters are also included.
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