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Evolutionary psychology of art
Lačev, Alek ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
In this thesis I concern with a phenomenon of art within field of evolutio-nary psychology. This phenomenon apparently exceeds the functional and as such it "cries out for an explanation". I explain that evolutionary theories of art consider art in the light of scientific attempt to understand human nature. And in accord with those I ask, why art exists at all or why it is so prevalent in hu-man behavior. There are many evolutionary accounts of art. Yet, I will focus on four of the foremost evolutionary theories of and their proponents: (1) art as not an adaptation, but a byproduct of the evolution of human brain by natural selec-tion (Steven Pinker); (2) art as a product not of natural selection but of sexual selection (Geoffrey Miller); (3) art as an adaptation of social cohesion (Ellen Dis-sanayake) or (4) art as an adaptation of individual mental organization (John Tooby and Leda Cosmides). In the research part of the thesis I further examine one of the above men-tioned theories. Two hypothesis based on Millers theory are outlined and tested empirically in a form of personal ads. Results show, that neither more nor younger women answer to those ads which contain expression of artistic talent though. Thus they do not support Millers theory. Discussion summariz-es possible reasons for such outcome as well...
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Contribution of the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the EU
Vejnarová, Eva ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Contribution of the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the European Union The aim of this thesis is to analyze the changes brought by the Lisbon Treaty to the protection of human rights in the European Union. The author focuses on two key areas: 1, The Charter of Fundamental Rights has become legally binding and thus enforceable document by the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The author outlines how the agenda of the protection of human rights has grown to become the Union's major theme, and what preceded it, the Union now has its own catalog of rights. The author describes the systematics of the Charter and the reasons why countries like Great Britain, Poland and the Czech Republic consequently negotiated an exception to its applicability. 2, The possibility of accession of the EU as a whole to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, a significant human rights document of Council of Europe. If indeed such a step was taken, it would become the Union's 48th Party to the Convention in addition to 47 member states of the Council of Europe and in this context the question arises, what would be the future relationship of the ECJ and the Court of Human Rights. Keywords: European Union, Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, European...
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Competence as a Factor Shaping Human Behavior Managers
Stuchelová, Jana ; Stejskalová, Irena (advisor) ; Tužová, Julie (referee)
My dissertation is focused on description of characteristics which are connected with competences. The main aim of my work has been to set up the manager competences. After the analysis among the students of Faculty of Management we found which competences were obtained during our studies and which ones we had already had when we came to faculty. In my theoretical part I described the manager as a personality including all his competences, their development and the methods of developing. Practical part deals with analysis among the students of Faculty of Management, evaluation and presentation of the results in the form of the charts and graphs.
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Mam-Machina-Systems and their Reliability
Jurčík, Petr ; Skřehot, Petr (referee) ; Havlíková, Marie (advisor)
The point of this work is to describe and analyse human and technical reliability inside a man-vehicle system. The reliability of whole system is given by partial reliabilities of technical sub-systems and reliability of a man like a human operator. Human operator influences security and reliability of whole system by his activity and servicing of equipment. It is necessary to monitor and evaluate this activity in the analysis of security of technical systems. By the evaluation of human reliability people come out of the whole probability analysis of security. Inside the man-vehicle system the vehicle is operated by the driver and therefore influence of human operator is totally fundamental for the total reliability of this system. Graphic fault tree model shows different combinations of equipment failures and people failures which can lead to the accident.
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Design of leg for crash test dummy
Maršálek, Petr ; Semela, Marek (referee) ; Bilík, Martin (advisor)
This thesis is devoted to the design model of the lower limbs crash test dummies. It describes how the dummy developed historically, what are currently available for crash tests, what they are made and what their future will be. The main motive of the work is to design a model of lower limb for crash tests, with emphasis on the human anatomy. The work is characterized by how the figurine is produced using the form from material Thermolyne Clear, wood as a substitute human bones and the agar substitutes such as human muscle.
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Sweet innocence - Sextus Empiricus on human happiness
Krása, Ondřej ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Karfík, Filip (advisor)
In the present thesis I tried to approach the philosophy of Sextus Empiricus from the ethical perspective. I introduced the most prevalent current of interpretation of Sextus Empiricus' work first and later, on the basis of identification of several shortcomings in this "epistemological" interpretation, I developed such a view on scepticism that pivots on the conviction that all reasoning is the very source of unhappiness. For those who hold any opinion whatsoever pursue some things and avoid others and are therefore perpetually troubled and unhappy. Suspension of judgement, epoch, brings about tranquillity, and sceptical arguments are so designed as to lead to the suspension of judgement. According to this "ethical" interpretation, scepticism questions central position of reasoning in accomplishing human end and challenges two basic maxims of ancient ethics: "Know thyself!" and "Cognize the world!" In the critical part of this study I tried to call in question the sceptical ideal of life without reason with regard to its priority in happiness and with regard to its sufficiency in defining goal of human life.
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Ontology of the work of art in Jan Patočka
Škutil, František ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor)
In this dissertation the author attempts to refer to the issue of the ontology of a work of art based on the philosophy of Jan Patočka. The character of the first chapter is something akin to a preparation stage. Here the author uses Patočka's original concept of the issue of the natural world to prepare space in which to outline the philosophical development of Jan Patočka with emphasis on his demarcation of the overall movement of human life, which consists of three fundamental movements, of which the third movement of truth as human transcendence is movement that characterises not only human existence, but the essential determination of a work of art. The final section documents the historical variability of the truth of a work of art and defines experiences from a work of art based on Patočka's contributions to the issue of art and individual artistic types.
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The Relationship of the Right to Privacy and the Right to Information in the Czech Republic
Bardiovská, Petra ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Toman, Prokop (referee)
This bachelor thesis offers a view on two basic human rights, a right to privacy and a right for information and deals with situations in which these rights stand against each other and come into conflict. The dispute between these two rights always needs to be adjudicated and so one of these rights is prevailed over the other one. However, to decide which to law should be given priority and which will be limited, it is not always easy. This thesis tries to answer a question if a solution for the mentioned conflicts can be found and if it can be commonly applied. A part of this thesis is focused on disputes between the mentioned rights that are connected with a use of internet services. A questionnaire included in this thesis identifies internet users awarness on fundamental rights and duties, potential risks associated with internet services use and also examines whether users prefer privacy to other subjects awareness.
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Occupational safety and health
Justová, Gabriela ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Kocianová, Renata (advisor)
Occupational safety and health represents a set of measures aimed at reducing, or totally eliminating, the risks endangering lives and health of workers. It is influenced by a character of work and also by working conditions. Lately, emphasis in this field is not only on accident prevention, but also on creating satisfying working conditions. Good working conditions contribute to keeping high productivity and pleasant atmosphere at work, to an increase of quality of life and to social and legal protection of employees. In my thesis I pursue not only work safety and health protection as one sphere of care for workers, its historical development in the Czech Republic and primary legal provisions, but also working conditions and work environment. In connection with these factors I use, as an example, work schedule of flight crews, and a level of cosmic radiation to which the flight attendants are exposed. In a separate chapter I describe contribution of ergonomics to work safety and health protection at work, specifically, and to improvement of human activities generally. In this chapter I describe ergonomic problems connected exclusively with occupation of flight attendant. In another chapter I define concept of "work accident" and duties of an employer when an accident at work happens. To prevent work...
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