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Polish Party System 1989-2016: A Case of Polarization
Koubek, Jiří ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
Polish Party System 1989-2016: A Case of Polarization Abstract The dissertation thesis analyses the Polish party system focusing particularly on the issues of polarization and anti-communism. The analysis is partially carried out in comparative perspective, especially in exploring anti-communism. Throughout the post-transition period, Poland has been displaying high levels of polarization, without any substantial link to the fragmentation of the party system. Seeking the sources of the polarizing tensions, the thesis has identified the construction of language of politics, as well as historicising and identity- based understanding of political divisions in Poland. The thesis specially focuses on the issue of anti-communism, as a key factor in creating and launching various polarizing impulses. The periodization of the Polish party system developments, as well as its categorization as a case of Satori's polarized pluralism is also proposed in the text. Key words: party system, Poland, polarization, anti-communism, fragmentation, alternation, competition, cleavages, dimensions of competition
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Nationalism and democratisation. Possibilities and limits of Yugoslav democratic alternative
Žaba, Jakub ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the relation of the democratization process and the national mobilization in the case of former Yugoslavia. In the first part, the author deals with the tension between democratization and nationalism and describes moments in which both processes could become mutually reinforcing. A product of that is a democratic nation-state as a final consequence of the right of culturally defined nations to self-determination. However, refusing the nation-state as the sole scope of the democratic process, the author puts forward the concept of the state-nation by Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. This concept deals with multiple but complementary political identities and enables to democratize multinational states, without denying the national segments the right to foster their cultural originality. In the second part of the thesis, the author analyses the Yugoslav case and explains reasons why at the turn of the 1990s the idea of a democratic state-nation was not put in practice, while the particular national projects, with democratic ambitions in many cases, were. In the author's opinion, the answer lies in a reduction of multiple but complementary political identities caused by the fact that loyalty to an ethno-culturally defined nation and loyalty to the Yugoslav political centre...
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Vít Olmer: landmarks of the Czech exploatation - a disorted view of postcommunist society
Blažek, Jiří ; Čeněk, David (advisor) ; Hanáková, Petra (referee)
The following bachelor thesis focuses on film exploitation as a tabloid phenomenon; particularly examines the tabloid tendencies of productions of Vít Olmer in the years after the Velvet Revolution between 1990 and 1995 in Czech cinema. His work reflects the new creative democratic circumstances that arose after November 1989. Olmer effectively used these circumstances to his benefit and as a result he became one of the most productive personalities of the mid-90s. The first part of the thesis consists of a mapping of the status of exploitation film in foreign academia. Based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept, it explores how the logic of "pure taste" influenced the approach to the "tawdry cinema", its research, and last but not least, an attitudes of researchers of (exploitation in) cinema themselves. It then provides an overall view on allied difficulties accompanying exploitation film; the scattered identity unfounded by virtually no theoretical basis remains an essential problem of the analyses of exploitation cinema in the context of film studies. The second part of the thesis expounds a rudimentary nature of the exploitation phenomenon with the contribution of sensationalism, theoretical model used mainly in a media studies. The part proves close relation between the sensationalism, a paradigm...
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Ion Iliescu and his role in the forming of the modern romanian democracy
Kocian, Jiří ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The problems of Romanian transition to democracy after the year 1989 were in large part determined by the form of previous regime. Because of the extreme pressure and control exercised on the opposition and personal dictatorship of the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, no major dissent groups or opposition centers possessing the potential to take part in the overthrow of the regime existed. In the swift and still unclear events of December 1989, National Salvation Front rose to hold the power, being directed by Ion Iliescu at the same time. As a formerly top positioned communist apparatchik, who had been swept out from his status after several conflicts with Ceausescu, he transferred almost complete communist structure under the newly formed regime, including Securitate, the secret service. Deconstruction of the former regime was actually performed by the execution of the former president and his wife and by trials of several Securitate generals. Iliescu concentrated overwhelming majority of the state power around NSF and in contradiction with his original proclamations postponed transition to democracy. New regime, which was led by Ion Iliescu demonstrated in its ideological presentation and exercise of power apparent similarities with the era of communist rule, nevertheless, it worked under formal...
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Ion Iliescu and his role in the forming of the modern romanian democracy
Kocian, Jiří ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The problematic of Romanian transition to democracy after the year 1989 was by its major part determined by the form of previous regime. Because of the extreme pressure and control exercised on the opposition and personal dictatorship of the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, no major dissent groups or centers existed, bearing the potential to take part in the overthrow of the regime. In the swift and still unclear events of December 1989, National Salvation Front rose to hold the power, being directed by Ion Iliescu. As a formerly top positioned communist apparatchik, who had been swept out from status and power after several conflicts with Ceausescu, he transferred almost complete communist structure to the newly formed regime, including Securitate, the secret service. Deconstruction of the former regime was actually performed by the execution of the former president and his wife and by trials of several Securitate generals. Iliescu concentrated most of the power around NSF and in contradiction with the original proclamation postponed transition to democracy. The new regime, which was led by Ion Iliescu demonstrated in its ideological presentation and exercise of power apparent similarities with the era of communist rule, nevertheless, it worked under formal democratic framework. Because of this fact,...
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The Mašín Myth. Ideologies in Czech Literature and Culture since the Second Half of the 20th century until the Present Day
Švéda, Josef ; Janoušek, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílek, Petr (referee) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
This dissertation analyses narratives of the Mašín brothers and their father, Josef Mašín senior. The Mašín brothers established what they called 'a resistance group' against the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, which between 1951 and 1952 killed three people. The brothers, alongside the other member of the group, Milan Paumer, escaped from the country in 1953, heading for the Western sectors of Berlin. Despite more than 20,000 East German and Soviet troops hunting them, the group reached West Berlin safely. Later, the brothers went to the USA where they joined the U.S. army. The dissertation analyzes a whole range of discourses including newspaper articles, historical papers, books, detective stories, novels, memoirs and also one episode of the Czechoslovak television series, Třicet případů majora Zemana ('Major Zeman's Thirty Cases'), entitled Strach ('Fear'), from 1975. The dissertation is conceptually embedded in cultural studies and critical theory. Drawing on Roland Barthesʼs work on mythologies, Hayden Whiteʼs theory of history and Slavoj Žižekʼs theory of ideology, the dissertation considers the relationship of the Mašín brothersʼ narrative representations with respect to the dominant ideology of the time. The first chapter of the dissertation deals with narratives produced in Communist...
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State-owned enterprises and their role in creating opportunities for corruption
Sodomka, Jan ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Vymětal, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with state-owned enterprises and their potential for corruption. In the first chapter is characterized corruption in the Czech Republic in the context of social, economic and political changes in the end of the twentieth century. This section also contains typology of corruption from Rasma Karklins, which is also the methodological basis of this work. The second part focuses on the characteristics of state-owned enterprises, and also on internal and external control mechanisms, which should reduce their potential for corruption. The third chapter presents in detail the processes and results of legislative changes in recent years, regarding the increase of external control mechanisms of state-owned enterprises.
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CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP
Hynková, Jana ; Kubaš, Mario (advisor) ; Kouba, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis analyzes the state support of the cultural and creative industries in selected post-communist countries, now the Visegrad Group. The first part is devoted to the impact of the totalitarian regime on culture and cultural policy, economic transformation and current economic situation of individual countries with emphasis on chracteristics of the cultural and creative industries concept. The main part of the thesis deals with the issues of culture policy perspective of each state including the opportunities available under EU funds. The final section presents the summary of a comparative analysis along with pros and cons of the models in all countries.
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Totalitarian and present summer camps-participantś view
HOŘÁKOVÁ, Lucie
One of the most common ways of spending free time during summer holidays in the Czech Republic is a summer camp. The long history of this institution makes us think of its development. It is obvious that the historical issues of our country do have an influence on the management of the summer camps. However, do these historical and political changes influence the children's experience, they have from these camps? And what are the most important issues for children there? In other words the main task of this study was to find out what experiences and feelings children get at these camps.
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