|
|
Attitudes of active smokers, patients of outpatient services, after a stroke towards smoking
Horvátová, Tatiana ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: "A stroke is a brain disease caused by a sudden vascular supply malfunction" (Růžička, 2019, p. 213) and "nn the Czech Republic, it affects more than 50,000 people every year" (Zámečník et al., 2019, p. 676). Smoking is one of the most common modifiable risk factors of its occurrence. Chemicals in cigarettes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other pathologies leading to stroke and heart disease (Kim et al., 2012). Research suggests that even a complex life event, such as a stroke, does not lead to quitting smoking in many patients. This may be related to the low awareness of the population that smoking is a risk factor for stroke despite relatively high awareness of the negative effects of cigarettes in general. The emotional relationship of smokers to smoking is strong and the rationalization of smoking is strong as well. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out the attitudes of active smokers after a stroke towards smoking. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of stroke, risk factors for its occurrence and explains the conative, cognitive, and emotional components of attitudes. In the research part, the attitudes towards smoking of active smokers after a stroke are determined. Methods: Data...
|
|
|
Social media and academic self-efficacy among university students
Pleskačová, Linda ; Kollerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
This theoretical-empirical bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of social media and academic self-efficacy among university students. The theoretical part deals with social media theory, social networks, their role in society, gender differences in social network use, and general and academic self-efficacy. The empirical part describes, examines, and compares responses to a questionnaire distributed to university students through social media. The research sample (N = 742, 64.96% female, 34.50% male, 0.54% non-binary, mean age = 23.3 years) consists of university students. The questionnaire was quantitatively evaluated using descriptive statistics and statistical hypothesis testing. University students spend an average of 2.71 hours per day on social media, and the majority (81%) of users use social media passively, i.e., they mostly do not actively engage in sharing content. Students most frequently use Messenger (18%), Instagram (16%), Facebook (16%), YouTube (15%) and WhatsApp (10%). The research results showed that there is no difference between active and passive users in self-efficacy in terms of academic performance (general academic self- efficacy and academic self-efficacy among university students). The increasing level of integration of social media into life was not related to either...
|
|
|
Intra-individual variability in perception of otherness
Doubková, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel Dobroslav (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
This dissertation focuses on intra-individual variability in the perception of otherness, specifically on the variability of experienced emotions toward diverse representatives of otherness in relation to attitudes and personality functioning. At the beginning of the thesis, the theoretical background is introduced, especially the concept of otherness. A total of 205 respondents from the general population and the population of people with mental disorders participated in the study. The research was conducted in three phases, and the results are presented in three studies. In the first phase, the semi-structured interview assessing the severity levels of personality functioning (STiP-5.1) was translated into Czech, and its psychometric properties were verified. In the second phase, the association between attitudes toward minorities and the level of personal functioning impairment was examined. The last, third phase focused on the intra-individual variability of experienced emotions (disgust, empathy, anger, compassion, pity, respect) toward different representatives of otherness (e.g., close ones, Romani, migrants, people with mental disorders) and its relation to personality functioning and attitudes, using the experience sampling method. Significant differences in personality functioning were...
|
|
|
Attitudes and awareness of genetic testing for BRCA genes in women in Czechia
Nejedlová, Pavlína ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hirsch, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of awareness and attitudes of women towards genetic testing for BRCA genes in Czechia. Genetic testing reveals hereditary predispositions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are associated with a high risk of hereditary cancers, especially breast and ovarian cancer. The thesis focuses on the importance of genetic testing, which can help to identify women at high risk of developing these diseases and to inform them sufficiently about appropriate preventive measures or recommendations for early treatment. Awareness and genetic counselling are important factors for individuals and their family members. Genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are estimated to account for 5-10% of all breast and ovarian cancers. In this study, the association between social determinants and awareness of genetic testing is examined to determine whether these determinants are important in women's access to and awareness of testing. The analysis used data from 911 respondents who participated in the Sociological Survey of Citizens of the Czech Republic, a sample survey provided by the INRES agency. The binary logistic regression method was used to analyze the relationship between awareness of BRCA genetic testing and the attitude of women in Czechia towards undergoing such...
|
|
|
Critical analysis of attitudes of the professional public to Montessori approach in social work with children
Richterová, Daniela ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out the attitudes of social workers who work with children as a target group towards the Montessori approach. This thesis deals with what social workers think about this specific approach, what they think about it and where they see the space for its use in their professional practice. In the theoretical basis of the work, 3 basic topics are presented: social work, Montessori approach and attitudes. The part on social work deals with defining social work and the profession of a social worker, including the legislative framework, it also deals with the specification of social work with children and the introduction of institutions where it is possible to work with children within this profession (e.g. Authority for the social and legal protection of children, low-threshold facilities for children and youth, children's crisis centres, etc.). The section on Montessori is devoted to this method and the basic pillars on which it stands. A sub-chapter is also dedicated to the founder Maria Montessori and the origin of the method itself. The last theoretical area describes attitudes, their classification and answers the questions of how attitudes are formed, what they are good for, what leads to their change and how they can be measured. Research is processed in...
|
|
|
Gender Ideologies in the Czech Republic in Comparison with Spain
Aldabaghová, Viktorie ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
Viktorie Aldabaghová Abstract This thesis focuses on gender ideologies in the Czech Republic. Through a secondary analysis of data collected as part of the 2017 European Values Study, the attitudes of the Czech public towards gender roles are explored. To put the results of the analysis into a broader context, gender ideologies in the Czech Republic are compared with gender ideologies in Spain. The results show that gender ideologies in the Czech Republic are significantly more traditional than gender ideologies in Spain. The association between gender ideologies and basic socio- demographic characteristics of the population is examined.
|
|
| |
|
|
Adolescent views of ethnic bullying by peer exclusion
Jarolímek, Matouš ; Kollerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Lukavská, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines adolescents' attitudes towards ethnic bullying by peer exclusion. Bullying is still widespread in Czech schools, and the increasing diversity of school classrooms can sometimes bring with it an increasing incidence of bullying among children with different ethnic backgrounds. For these reasons, it is necessary to know the attitudes towards bullying based on the ethnicity of those most affected, i.e. adolescents. In the theoretical part, the main concepts are defined and then placed in the context of the topic of the bachelor thesis. The following practical part aims to use quantitative methods to describe the attitudes of adolescents towards bullying by peer exclusion, which include the willingness to stand up for the bullied, the evaluation of bullying by peer exclusion or its perceived effects, and to verify whether the role of these attitudes is played by the fact that the bullying is directed by a Czech student against a classmate of the same, Czech ethnicity, or against a classmate of a minority, specifically Ukrainian, ethnicity. The assumption that adolescents rate bullying of minority ethnicity by peer exclusion as more acceptable than bullying of majority ethnicity by peer exclusion was tested. As further objectives, it was tested whether the gender of the...
|
|
|
The process of becoming a mother: Changes in first-time mothers' experiences of motherhood before and after childbirth
Martinčíková, Lucie ; Valentová, Hana (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the experiences of first-time mothers in the process of becoming a mother, and their changes in experiencing motherhood before and after childbirth. The theoretical part contains six main chapters that address the main issues of motherhood from the perspective of existing research studies and academic literature. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe first-time mothers: experience of motherhood and experiencing the process of becoming a mother. A qualitative design was chosen for the research purposes. The data collection method consisted of conducting semi-structured interviews. Six pregnant women - first-time mothers - were selected for the research population and two interviews were conducted with them, one of which took place before the childbirth and the other after the childbirth. Data analysis was performed based on interpretive phenomenological analysis of the text. The result of the thesis is a comprehensive description of topics related to motherhood. The research results show that the process of becoming a mother is undoubtedly a unique and non-transferable experience. The research expands the awareness of the factors that influence the experience of motherhood and maps the key areas of possible changes during the period of motherhood. Significant...
|
|
|
Comparison of attitudes of employees and employer to corporate education in the context of further development of the company
VOLEJNÍK, David
The paper focuses on the comparison of employee and employer attitudes towards training within the organizational structure of a company operating in the energy sector. It aims to make relevant recommendations for the planning and implementation of further training within individual departments, which corresponds with the attitudes of each group and the long-term strategy of the whole company. The information needed to develop the questionnaires for the quantitative research was obtained through an interview with an employee of the training department of the company under study. The questionnaire survey focuses primarily on taking the initiative for training, soft skills activities and digitalisation. The data analysis of the questionnaire survey is done using descriptive statistics methods. The information obtained regarding the attitudes and opinions of employees, including recommendations, will be used to further develop the company's training.
|
guest ::
