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Attitudes of active smokers, patients of outpatient services, after a stroke towards smoking
Horvátová, Tatiana ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: "A stroke is a brain disease caused by a sudden vascular supply malfunction" (Růžička, 2019, p. 213) and "nn the Czech Republic, it affects more than 50,000 people every year" (Zámečník et al., 2019, p. 676). Smoking is one of the most common modifiable risk factors of its occurrence. Chemicals in cigarettes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other pathologies leading to stroke and heart disease (Kim et al., 2012). Research suggests that even a complex life event, such as a stroke, does not lead to quitting smoking in many patients. This may be related to the low awareness of the population that smoking is a risk factor for stroke despite relatively high awareness of the negative effects of cigarettes in general. The emotional relationship of smokers to smoking is strong and the rationalization of smoking is strong as well. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out the attitudes of active smokers after a stroke towards smoking. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of stroke, risk factors for its occurrence and explains the conative, cognitive, and emotional components of attitudes. In the research part, the attitudes towards smoking of active smokers after a stroke are determined. Methods: Data...
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Nutritional interventions for patients with brain injuries and movement limitations
Kadečková, Klára ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Patients with acquired brain damage, who are attending rehabilitation day-care center on the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the General Hospital and the First Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, are often limited by fatigue and lack of energy. Patients are attending day hospital mainly with brain damage acquired after stroke and less often also after brain trauma. Secondary prevention of atherosclerosis development or progression and prevention of stroke relapse is very important with these patients. Nutritional intervention plays significant role in prevention and treatment of many risk factors of an atherosclerotic artery damage. Common consequence of brain damage is development of secondary sarcopenia. Patient in day hospital must bring their own food. Individualized program as a result from examination by the multidisciplinary team doesn't include nutritional assessment. Study with patients with acquired brain damage was carried out on Department of Rehabilitation. Study used bioelectrical impedance analysis provided by InBody 370 S. Body composition of patients was measured. This data and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for presence of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Muscle mass percentage was evaluated as well. Study found out that most...
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Tobacco treatment needs analysis among clients and their priority of tobacco cessation intervention in Addiction Treatement Department at Day Care Centre Ondřejov: a questionnaire survey
Hrabovská, Adéla ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Bc. Adéla Hrabovská Abstrakt v anglickém jazyce k diplomové práci Mapování potřeb klientů v oblasti léčby závislosti na tabáku na Oddělení léčby závislostí Denního psychoterapeutického sanatoria Ondřejov: dotazníkový výzkum Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Adam Kulhánek, Ph.D., MBA PRAHA 2023 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION - The prevalence of the use of tobacco and nicotine products is higher in the clinical population of dependence treatment services than in the general population, Interventions for tobacco and nicotine use cessation are hardly ever available for the patients. AIM - The aim of the research is to map the needs of the clients of the Addiction Treatment Department in the Day care Psychotherapeutic Sanatorium Ondřejov (hereinafter "DPS Ondřejov") in the area of their tobacco and nicotine use disorder and its treatment. METHODS - This research is an evaluation study, specifically an analysis of the needs among the clients in DPS Ondřejov. It is a questionnaire survey. Data were obtained using a questionnaire consisting of a non-standardized part and the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test. The data were transcribed from the printed questionnaire into electronic form. The descriptive statistic...
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The impact of COVID 19 disease on quality of life in women working in health care
Králová, Helena ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the issue of coronavirus disease. First, the general characteristics of the disease, the major variants of the virus, the epidemiology and symptoms of the disease are described, followed by an introduction of the diagnosis and treatments methods. Information on the importance of vaccination and rehabilitation cannot be omitted. Towards the end of the theoretical part, the impact that the disease can have on the lifestyle of health professionals is presented, in all aspects, from diet to physical activity, stress, sleep, psychological hygiene and mental state. Last but not least, I also describe the post-covida syndrome and the subsequent care of healthcare workers. The practical part of this thesis is concerned with exploring how Covid-19 disease has affected the normal daily activities of women working in healthcare. Whether this period had an effect on weight gain in these women and whether there was a change in laboratory parameters. The necessary data was collected by questionnaire survey and then recorded in graphs. The questionnaire was distributed online on Google Forms platform. The questionnaire was filled correctly and completely by 128 women working in health care in different professions. The results of blood tests were provided anonymously from 20...
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Changes in diet and physical activity during the COVID age
Lorencová, Marie ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the daily routine of everyone in the Czech Republic, even school-age children, whose daily rhythm has been completely changed due to school closures. Children were left without regular exercise at school and in after-school clubs, they were eating irregularly and with a different food composition, and their sleeping patterns shifted. Many children returned to school fat and physically unfit after the government measures ended. For fat children, this change could have a negative impact on their health. The aim of this study was to obtain information on changes in eating and exercise habits of school-aged children before, during and after the lockdown. The information obtained from each period was compared and evaluated. Another aim was to determine whether the observed group of children had gained weight or not due to the changed daily routine during the covid restrictions, and for those who had gained weight, selected values from blood tests taken by a paediatric and adolescent general practitioner were monitored to see whether the values had moved outside the reference limits. By processing the questionnaire responses, I expect to confirm the three suppositions that children worsened their eating habits during the lockdown in both composition and frequency of...
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Knowledge of addictology in students of general medicine of 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University
Jenčíková, Anna ; Volfová, Anna (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Background: The study of general medicine aims to equip a future medical practitioner with the knowledge and experience they will need in their future practice. The physician should master the methods of Orientational diagnostics and Brief intervention in the field of substance abuse and addiction. A marginal part of the time is donated to this topic as part of undergraduate studies. Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the level of certainty of the students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine in their knowledge regarding Orientational diagnostics, Brief intervention and to find out the student's attitude toward addictology. The partial goal is to find out what the students need to gain confidence in providing care to addiction patients. Methods: The research was conducted using an anonymous survey. The survey was shared on the social network Facebook in six individual private groups of medical students. The resulting data were statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Word. Results: 50,6 % of the students think that they can understand the term Orientational diagnostics. 17,8 % think that they cannot understand this term. 44 % of the students think that they can understand the term Brief intervention and 29,7 % think that they cannot understand it. 39,8 % of all...
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Addiction to digital potrnography and its impact on quality of life
Škvareniaková, Veronika ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
This work describes the impact of pornography on an individual's life, behavior, relationships and other aspects of life. Due to the relatively inconsistent definition of addiction to pornography and the impossibility of classifying it among other types of addiction, I worked with concepts such as hypersexuality and problematic watching of pornography. For my work, I chose quantitative research, done on survio.com. There were one hundred respondents through self-selection. The data obtained from the questionnaire were further analyzed in MS Excel and IBM SPSS. My goal was to find out whether men or women watch pornography more often. Whether there is a possible link between the problematic viewing of pornography and its impact on partner life. Do older people watch pornography less than younger people? Or are individuals who watch pornography more dissatisfied with their sexual partner life than individuals who do not watch it at all? The vast majority of the research sample (68%) of respondents monitored pornographic content at least once in the last month, with the frequency of monitoring 1-2 days a week prevailing among the respondents. Almost half of the respondents (46%) expressed a negative effect of watching pornography for their partner's life. The evaluation of the sexual life of the...
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Analysis of "The Mobile Infirmary" operated by Outreach Program Drop In, o.p.s.
Nguyenová, Lan Anh ; Matoušek, Petr (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
A Mobile Infirmary (from the Czech term "Mobilní ošetřovna") is a vehicle with an interior space, which in outreach work conditions provides an environment with hygienic standards suited for interventions such as individual counseling, medical treatment or testing for infectious diseases. It represents a relatively unique extension of addictology harm reduction services in the Czech Republic, which has not yet been described in local scientific literature. This thesis aims to describe the characteristics of outreach work done by the Mobile Infirmary, on the basis of a case study of the Outreach Program Drop In, o.p.s., with emphasis on its comparison with regular outreach work. The research questions concern the starting points for Mobile Infirmary's operation, its actual workflow and the ways in which it differs from that of regular outreach work, and what new professional requirements it presents. The research sample of this qualitative case study consisted of nine outreach workers, chosen by deliberate sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. This data, together with documents related to the operation of the Infirmary, were analyzed through the clustering method. The findings show that the starting points of the service stem from the reality of the target group's...
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The impact of menthol cigarette ban on the of tobacco use among university students: a questionnaire-based research
Vostřelová, Zuzana ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Background: In May 2016 a ban on cigarette flavorings was introduced among member states of the EU in order to reduce appeal of smoking especially among youth and young adults. Since May 2020, the restriction has been extended to menthol flavored cigarettes. Until then, menthol was one of the most used tobacco flavors. Aims: The main objective of this work is to map and describe patterns of use of tobacco and nicotine products among university students after the ban implementation. The secondary aim is to describe how the product is perceived as well as the attitudes towards the flavoring regulation. Methods: The data was collected through on-line questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The survey was distributed via social media channels including Facebook, Instagram and Discord. The study sample consists of 577 respondents, 307 of which had an experience using menthol cigarettes in their lifetime. The obtained data was imported into MS Excel where it was processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics tools. Results: The results of the study imply that the average consumption of tobacco products is not affected by the ban among 56 % respondents. 12,4 % respondents reported a decline in tobacco usage and 15,0 % reported cessation. As a reaction to the ban implementation nearly one...
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