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Experience of regular tobacco users with usage of nicotine replacement therapy: a questionnaire survey
Landová, Karolína ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rychlá, Kateřina (referee)
Backgroung: According to current data on the prevalence of tobacco use in the Czech Republic, less than 25% of people over the age of 15 smoke. Although smoking has been on the decline in recent years, due to the effects on the human body and society as a whole, it is advisable to reduce the use of tobacco products. Due to the high risks associated with the use of tobacco, it is necessary to carry out research investigations and subsequent preventive measures that will limit its consumption, and therefore also the morbidity and mortality of the population. Nicotine replacement therapy is one therapeutic modality that can help with smoking cessation. Aim: The main aim of the thesis was to map and describe the experiences of users of nicotine replacement therapy who are currently using it or have used it in the last month. In this work, we deal with the most frequently used form of nicotine therapy in our research group, its negative effects, the price and source of reimbursement for substitution therapy, as well as the reason for its initiation. Methods: The thesis uses a quantitative method, specifically a questionnaire in online form, which was placed on the social networks of the National Smoking Cessation Line and other social networks targeting smokers and those who quit smoking. Closed or open...
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy in smoking cessation: a review of the literature
Brdičková, Naděžda ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: Smoking cessation is associated with significant health benefits. A review on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking cessation would help identify proven effective interventions and enable more informed treatment decisions. Objective: The aim of this theoretical review is to map the effectiveness of CBT and its components in smoking cessation using a non-systematic search. Methods: 272 reviews published in English in the last 10 years were found in the PubMed database using keywords. These were sorted out and supplemented with other articles for a total of 108 processed articles. Results: The effectiveness of CBT in smoking cessation as a stand-alone treatment or treatment enhancing the pharmacotherapy has been demonstrated in large clinical trials, both in individual (RR vs. minimal intervention 1.57 (1.40 - 1.77)) and in group counseling (RR vs. self-help program 1.88 (1.52 - 2.33)). The effectiveness increased with the intensity of the therapy. Of the individual components, commitment, feedback to behavior, social reward, identity associated with changed behavior and financial reward were significantly effective. Information about emotional consequences and reframing the slip had a significantly negative impact. The effectiveness of improving coping skills...
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Attitudes of healthcare workers towards tobacco smoking and smoking cessation: a questionnaire survey
Krejčí, Veronika ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Jandáč, Tomáš (referee)
Background: Non-smoking staff and a non-smoking environment are prerequisites for high- quality health care. Despite this, the prevalence of smoking among healthcare workers is still high. Healthcare workers represent a specific group that should be informed about the harm of smoking. The aspect that strengthens the motivation to smoke among healthcare workers seems to be the demanding nature of work in hospital, which is associated with a higher level of stress. Part of the ethical issue of smoking is delegating one's work duties to other people and disrupting collegiality and relationships in the team in general. Aims: The aim is to determine the proportion of smokers and non-smokers in a selected sample of non-medical healthcare workers. To further identify what role a cigarette plays in the smokers' working day and how the consequences of smoking during working time are subjectively perceived. To determine the level of motivation to quit smoking and awareness of a smoking cessation program offered by the employer. To determine whether smoking affects interpersonal relationships in the workplace. Material and methods: Quantitative data collection in the form of an online questionnaire via the Google Forms platform was chosen for the implementation of the research. The basic set of research...
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Smoking as a maladaptive strategy in overweight and obese women
Zdeňková Kroužková, Pavlína ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Introduction: Smoking and obesity (overweight) together represent a significant risk factor for a number of diseases. So far, not much has been published about the effect of weight reduction on smoking. Aim: The aim of the work was to map the most significant risk factors that lead women, tobacco smokers, overweight and obese to maladaptive behavior based on a comparison of a series of case studies. A partial goal was to find out whether compliance with the reduction program does not affect the number of cigarettes smoked. Methods: This is a case series, prospectively followed for three months (December 2022- March 2023), in which 21 female tobacco smoking patients undergoing a weight reduction program were followed. Monitoring the effect of weight reduction on the number of cigarettes smoked was complemented by structured interviews with female respondents on the topic of the most significant risk factors leading to smoking. The results were evaluated using the rapid assessment method. By searching for common psychosocial factors between individual case studies, individual types of clients were supplemented. Sample: The research sample of 21 female smokers was selected using a simple purposive sampling method based on availability and voluntariness. The age composition of the research sample...
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Experience of the use of nicotine pouches among the student of secondary grammar school
Kolomazník, Lukáš ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, the tobacco industry has begun innovating novele new nicotine product categories. These include nicotine pouches. These are beginning to appeal particularly to the youth population, which may include secondary grammar school students. Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the experiences of high school students in the Pardubice Region with the use of nicotine pouches. A sub-objective was to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine product use among secondary grammar school students. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The management of the Secondary Grammar School Dašická in Pardubice was approached for the research and agreed to conduct the research among students over 15 years of age. The research was conducted successively in all 16 classes, mostly during the Social Studies classes. Students completed the survey on their smart devices. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part of the questionnaire mapped basic information about the respondents (age, gender, grade), the second part addressed students' awareness of nicotine pouches, the third part mapped the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine pouches use, and...
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Tobacco treatment needs analysis among clients and their priority of tobacco cessation intervention in Addiction Treatement Department at Day Care Centre Ondřejov: a questionnaire survey
Hrabovská, Adéla ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Bc. Adéla Hrabovská Abstrakt v anglickém jazyce k diplomové práci Mapování potřeb klientů v oblasti léčby závislosti na tabáku na Oddělení léčby závislostí Denního psychoterapeutického sanatoria Ondřejov: dotazníkový výzkum Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Adam Kulhánek, Ph.D., MBA PRAHA 2023 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION - The prevalence of the use of tobacco and nicotine products is higher in the clinical population of dependence treatment services than in the general population, Interventions for tobacco and nicotine use cessation are hardly ever available for the patients. AIM - The aim of the research is to map the needs of the clients of the Addiction Treatment Department in the Day care Psychotherapeutic Sanatorium Ondřejov (hereinafter "DPS Ondřejov") in the area of their tobacco and nicotine use disorder and its treatment. METHODS - This research is an evaluation study, specifically an analysis of the needs among the clients in DPS Ondřejov. It is a questionnaire survey. Data were obtained using a questionnaire consisting of a non-standardized part and the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test. The data were transcribed from the printed questionnaire into electronic form. The descriptive statistic...
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Patterns of polysubstance, alcohol and cocaine, use in nightlife setting: Qualitative research
Kazdová, Lucie ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: There is currently an upward trend in the availability and use of cocaine within the European Union. Among recreational users, it is consumed mainly in night-life settings where alcohol is traditionally consumed. Alcohol and cocaine are thus often used simultaneously by nightclubbers which carries significant risks. These users also constitute a 'hidden population'whose characteristics and patterns ofuse havenot yet been sufficiently described. Aims: The aim of the research was to map and describe patterns of concurrent alcohol and cocaine use among selected nightlife participants, providing background information on the context of their use. A sub-objective was to assess the level of risk of alcohol and cocaine use based on respondents' experiences and behaviours in nightlife settings. Methods: Respondents were recruited through social networks and directly in the nightlife environment. Methodologically, it was a combination of non-probabilistic methods of selecting the research population (self-selection, purposive sampling and snowball sampling). The research sample consisted of 14 respondents with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted by several interviewers (triangulation of researchers). The data were analysed by coding them and then creating so-called clusters and...
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Motivation to quit smoking among manual workers: research in manufacturing industry
Riegrová, Kateřina ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Kočvarová, Linda (referee)
Background: Smoking cessation is still a debatable topic in addiction services as well as in other circles of the professional public. The use of tobacco products is examined both in clients of addiction services and in the general population. Many studies that deal with the use of tobacco products are focused on specific groups in the general population (e. g. pregnant women, Roma and people in prison). However, if we wanted to focus on the part of the population in the Czech Republic which is specific working in blue-collar professions, we would find a very limited number of resources. Objectives: The main target of the research was mapped the motivation to quit smoking among manual workers who work in industrial production. This goal was mapped through questions that focused on motivational factors, level of motivation to quit smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and reasons for relapse. The secondary goal was to verify the interest of production workers in the employer's smoking cessation support program. The main intention was to find out how many employees would participate in the program if the employer would offer to them. This secondary goal was also related to the mapping of the use of professional services by employees in case they were informed about them. Methods: The research was...
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Chewing tobacco usage among high school students
Stehlíková, Kateřina ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
BACKGROUND: Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product that contains the substance nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance and is one of the most commonly used addictive substances in the general population. Secondary school students are a group of young people who may be affected by this tobacco product. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify and map patterns of chewing tobacco use among secondary school students, i.e. whether secondary school students have experience with chewing tobacco and, if so, to what extent they use it. METHODS: Data were collected using a quantitative questionnaire survey designed using the online survey tool Google forms. The questionnaire was featured on the social media platforms Instagram and Facebook. The data collected was further detailed in MS Excel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 304 respondents participated in the study, of which three respondents were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, the total number of respondents included in the study was 301, of which 231 (77%) were female and 70 (23%) were male. Of the total, 128 (42.5%) respondents reported experience with chewing tobacco. The most common age of first experience was between 15 and 18 years, reported by 92 (71.9%) respondents. 96 (75%) of the 128...
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The impact of menthol cigarette ban on the of tobacco use among university students: a questionnaire-based research
Vostřelová, Zuzana ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Background: In May 2016 a ban on cigarette flavorings was introduced among member states of the EU in order to reduce appeal of smoking especially among youth and young adults. Since May 2020, the restriction has been extended to menthol flavored cigarettes. Until then, menthol was one of the most used tobacco flavors. Aims: The main objective of this work is to map and describe patterns of use of tobacco and nicotine products among university students after the ban implementation. The secondary aim is to describe how the product is perceived as well as the attitudes towards the flavoring regulation. Methods: The data was collected through on-line questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The survey was distributed via social media channels including Facebook, Instagram and Discord. The study sample consists of 577 respondents, 307 of which had an experience using menthol cigarettes in their lifetime. The obtained data was imported into MS Excel where it was processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics tools. Results: The results of the study imply that the average consumption of tobacco products is not affected by the ban among 56 % respondents. 12,4 % respondents reported a decline in tobacco usage and 15,0 % reported cessation. As a reaction to the ban implementation nearly one...
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