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Philosophical approach to life and death of people who were between life and death
Příplatová, Silvie ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Prokešová, Miriam (referee)
This dissertation thesis goes into the depths of philosophical reflection on the nature of human existence and its relationship to life and death, especially for individuals who have gone through extreme life situations. The thesis explores attitudes towards free will, life and death in people who have found themselves on the brink of life, whether due to addiction, illness or other life-threatening situations. The aim is not only to analyse changes in these individuals' attitudes towards life and death, but also to explore the intellectual and philosophical development that may be prompted by this existential limit. Regardless of the cause of this confrontation with the limit of life and death, we seek to uncover how this experience affects the deeper dimensions of human existence. The work is based on the conviction that illness, although challenging on the physical plane, has an extraordinary effect on the spiritual sphere. It also highlights the impact of illness on the physical and spiritual aspects of the human being and seeks to show this by examining the works of great philosophers whose ideas have shaped the world. We will support this claim by analysing the works of important philosophers whose ideas have shaped our understanding of human existence. From Aristotle to Descartes, Nietzsche...
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Research and development of platinum-based cathode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Xie, Xianxian ; Khalakhan, Ivan (advisor) ; Brummel, Olaf (referee) ; Pihosh, Yuriy (referee)
Widespread adoption of advanced energy technologies, such as proton- exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), relies on the development of efficient and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Given its unique properties, platinum has been the primary choice for meeting activity demands, either in its pure form or as various Pt-based alloys. The challenge yet persists with catalyst degradation in the hostile environment of the PEMFC cathode. The thesis aims to explore efficient and durable Pt-based ORR catalysts prepared by the magnetron sputtering technique. In the first chapter, Pt-Au alloys with various compositions (5, 10, 20 at.% of Au) were systematically studied to understand their composition-activity-stability relationship. It was found that Pt90Au10 exhibits the most optimal alloying, retaining the activity of Pt while effectively suppressing Pt dissolution. The stability of Pt-Au alloys was further evaluated under different simulated PEMFC operating conditions, demonstrating their higher stability compared to monometallic Pt catalyst. In the second chapter, the composition-activity-stability relationship of ternary PtNi-Au alloys with various compositions (3, 7, 15 at.% of Au, Pt:Ni = 50:50) was investigated. It was revealed that while Au incorporation negatively impacts activity, it...
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Memories of an Aegean Borderscape: Belonging to Imvros (Gökçeada/Ίμβρος)
Brody, Laura Nicole ; Horová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Tsimouris, Giorgos (referee) ; Carpentier, Nico (referee)
Zoning in on the Aegean island of Imvros - Gökçeada in Turkish and Ίμβρος in Greek - this thesis deploys the developing 'borderscape' lens to explore socio-political myths of belonging linked to processes of diaspora creation and return. By tracing diverse 'borderscaping' practices which have occurred on Imvros since its post-WWI cession to the newly-created Turkish nation- state and the exemption of its Greek-speaking inhabitants from the 1923 Greco-Turkish population exchange, it highlights a substantial shift between 'hegemonic borderscape' and 'counter-hegemonic borderscape' eras occurring on the island roughly in the early 1990s. Whereas the 'hegemonic borderscape' era is linked to the multifaceted impact(s) of Turkish nation-building on the forced displacement of Imvros' Greek-speaking inhabitants - and thus the parallel creation of the Imvriot diaspora - primarily between the 1960s and 1980s, the 'counter-hegemonic borderscape' era is instead linked to the unfolding diasporic return movement which has been partaken in by some members of the Imvriot diaspora since the early 1990s. Data for this thesis also draws on 42 interviews and 33 mental maps collected from first, second and third-generation members of the Imvriot diaspora who agreed to participate in a grounded theory ethnography conducted in...
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Sleep in the Context of Quality of LIfe
Prokeš, Michaela ; Hamplová, Dana (advisor) ; Kreidl, Martin (referee) ; Manková, Denisa (referee)
The central focus of my dissertation thesis is sleep in the context of quality of life. The significance and value of a good night's sleep to our well-being is often underestimated. Although partially determined by genetics, sleep is also strongly determined by environmental and social factors. Much of the research in this area, however, limits itself to studies with biomedical approaches, and the sociological aspects of sleep are rarely investigated. The dissertation aims to bridge this knowledge gap, discussing sleep in the context of quality of life and applying a variety of analytical methods on data collected from a Czech population sample to study how sleep affects and is affected by quality of life. Motivated by a lack of research on the longitudinal effects of sleep and well-being, the dissertation includes a research article (Chapter 3) on the long-term effects of changes in sleep duration, sleep quality and social jetlag (the discrepancy between biological time and social times) on quality of life (satisfaction with life, happiness, work stress, subjective health and well-being). A second article investigates social jetlag and its links to work and family (Chapter 4). A third article studies sleep in the context of family types and the effect of parenthood on sleep duration and social...
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Taking of Evidence
Suchá Balogh, Zuzana ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee) ; Kolesár, Pavel (referee)
TAKING OF EVIDENCE ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with the process of taking of evidence in the civil proceeding, while focusing primarily on the contradictory procedure. The differences between the contradictory and non-contradictory procedure are also being highlighted. The taking of evidence is considered a fundamental part of the civil proceeding, upon whose course and outcomes the judicial decision is being based. In the contradictory procedure, the activity of the party to the proceeding plays a pivotal role in the taking of evidence, which follows primarily from the underlying adversarial principle. However, the importance of the activity of the party to the proceeding in the taking of evidence shall not be entirely dismissed in the non-contradictory procedure either. Nonetheless, the non-contradictory procedure is governed by the investigation principle, with the sole responsibility for the taking of evidence vested in the court. Taking these fundamental differences into account, I analyze the specifics of the contradictory and non-contradictory procedure, which manifest themselves within the sphere of procedural rights and obligations of the parties to the civil proceeding as well as in the distinct powers of the court in the process of taking of evidence. When writing my dissertation, I have...
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Malignant Melanoma - New Scientific Knowledge
Woznica, Vlastimil ; Třešková, Inka (advisor) ; Hauer, Lukáš (referee) ; Měšťák, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors with unfavorable prognosis and high mortality, especially in the connection with advanced stages. Regarding the incidence growth, it has recorded an increase of 50 % in the last 10 years. The most important for prognosis of the patient with this malignant disease is early diagnosis and radical surgery without delay. In recent years, the benefit of targeted treatment and immunotherapy has been demonstrated in the patients with locally advanced melanoma after resection of primary tumor and nodal metastases. Aims The main goal of our study is to identify patients with a high risk of relapse using biomarkers from fluid biopsy (sections of free DNA circulating in blood) who went through a curative surgical treatment and for whom costly adjuvant therapy would be beneficial. Another goal is to use the above-mentioned biomarkers to detect early recurrence itself and residual disease after excision of the primary tumor site. Methods Whole blood samples were collected at regular time intervals from patients with early-stage malignant melanoma undergoing curative surgery. Plasma was first separated from the collected whole blood samples by two-phase centrifugation. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated at the MD Anderson Cancer...
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The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart 1623- 2023.
Vik, Dalibor Jiří ; Schifferová, Věra (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with the topic of the "afterlife" of Comenius's most notable Czech work, The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart, and the constitution of its position in the history of ideas. In six main historical periods, spreading over four centuries from the writing of the manuscript (1623) to the present day (2023), it examines the reception of the work in cultural-social and scholarly realms, traces their interaction and describes shifts in the interpretation of the work in relation to changing paradigms of the day. From the source material, it analyses primarily a wide range of various editions and translations of the work, mentions, commentaries and scholarly publications on the work and objects of artistic nature, based on which it aims at reconstructing various historical images of the work, which symbolically and factually accompanied the Czech society in its historical transformations. The work contains the most complete list of Czech editions and translations of the work and relevant secondary literature to date. It was written on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the work.
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The Effectiveness of Mass Media Instrumentalization in Offensive Foreign Policy Strategies
Mareš, Tomáš ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Mölder, Holger (referee) ; Sazonov, Vladimir (referee)
The dissertation thesis focuses on the issue of the effectiveness of mass media instrumentalization on the information-psychological level in offensive foreign policy strategies. Despite an increased interest in both the offensive potential of mass media assets as well as particular strategies enabling to employ these assets to assertively decide political and military conflicts in the course of the last two decades, there is still a crucial lack of understanding of how the effectiveness of these strategic approaches is produced or could be appraised. Therefore, this dissertation thesis aims to construct a comprehensive definition of effectiveness in the given context and use it to generate a new and unparalleled analytical model that can be applied to proceed with a qualitative assessment of the 'efficiency potential' of (real or prospective) offensive foreign mass media campaigns led on the information-psychological level. Such a kind of tool (or similar) is still desperately missing. In the last step, a purposefully selected case study framework - Russian mass media in Ukraine in 2013 (but referencing to both: the period of building up the Russian media network starting from the first presidential term of Vladimir Putin and its utilization during the latent and escalation phases of the Russian-...
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Catheter-based left atrial appendage closure
Hozman, Marek ; Osmančík, Pavel (advisor) ; Bulava, Alan (referee) ; Havránek, Štěpán (referee)
Transseptal puncture in left atrial appendage closure guided by 3D printing and multiplanar CT reconstruction Abstract Introduction: The presented study investigates the application of bi-atrial 3D printed models to guide transseptal puncture (TSP) in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC). The objectives are to (1) test the feasibility of 3D printing (3DP) for TSP guidance, (2) analyse the distribution of the optimal TSP locations, and (3) define a CT-derived 2D parameter suitable for predicting the optimal TSP locations. Methods: Pre-procedural planning included multiplanar CT reconstruction, 3D segmentation, and 3DP. TSP was pre-procedurally simulated in vitro at six defined sites. Based on the position of the sheath, TSP sites were classified as optimal, sub-optimal, or non-optimal. The aim was to target the TSP in the recommended position during the procedure. Procedure progress was assessed post hoc by the operator. Results: Of 68 screened patients, 60 patients in five centres (mean age of 74.68 ± 7.64 years, 71.66% males) were prospectively analysed (3DP failed in one case, and seven patients did not finally undergo the procedure). In 55 patients (91.66%), TSP was performed in the optimal location as recommended by the 3DP. The optimal locations for TSP were postero-inferior in 45.3%, mid-inferior in...
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Pure Economic Loss
Tůma, Martin ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee) ; Psutka, Jindřich (referee)
Pure Economic Loss Abstract The presented work deals with the issue of compensation for pure economic loss, which was introduced into the Czech legal system by Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. In the previous version of civil law, compensation for pure economic loss was not limited at all. However, the legislator has newly taken over the regulation of liability from the German BGB, which significantly narrows the liability for pure economic loss. The aim of the author was therefore to evaluate the compatibility of this approach with the basis of the responsibility system of Czech civil law. The author first focuses on explaining the concept of pure economic loss and some related terms and subsequently presents an analysis of the theoretical concept of the function of private liability and a presentation of the key functions of liability law. This introductory part is followed by a comparative analysis of foreign legal regulations in relation to liability for pure economic loss, which, in addition to the necessary analysis of the relevant provisions of the German BGB, focuses on the analysis of jurisprudence across selected legal systems. In the chapters following this comparison, the author analytically evaluates the knowledge gained, especially in relation to the generally prevailing restrictive approach...
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