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Study of physiological functions of betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase and betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2
Mládková, Jana ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee) ; Kožich, Viktor (referee)
Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) and betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 (BHMT-2) are mammalian cytosolic metalloenzymes. They both participate in the metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy), specifically Hcy remethylation, mainly in liver and kidney cells. BHMT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from betaine to L-Hcy, yielding L-methionine and dimethylglycine (DMG). BHMT-2 catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-methylmethionine (SMM) to L-Hcy as well, yielding two molecules of L-methionine. Disorders in Hcy metabolism could lead to the so called hyper- homocysteinemia and homocystinuria, which can be connected with several pathological conditions. BHMT is already relatively well characterized enzyme. Its crystal structure and reaction mechanism have been described and a series of BHMT inhibitors have been prepared. The specific inhibitors enabled further in vivo studies and, recently, Bhmt-/- mice model has been successfully developed. In contrast, the research of BHMT-2 is still at the beginning and physiological functions of the enzyme are unknown so far. The reason is that BHMT-2 is a highly unstable enzyme and also there is a lack of selective BHMT-2 inhibitors. BHMT and BHMT-2 are very similar enzymes which have 73% amino acid identity. This thesis provides new...
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Gene Expression Regulation of Biotransformation Enzymes and Transporters in Placental Barrier
Stejskalová, Lucie ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Modrianský, Martin (referee) ; Vondráček, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and toxicology Candidate Mgr. Lucie Stejskalová Supervisor Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Gene expression regulation of biotransformation enzymes and transporters in placental barrier Placenta is a unique organ facilitating the communication between mother and fetus. It serves as a respiratory, excretory, endocrine and metabolic organ during intrauterine development of the fetus and is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy and for the fetal protection. Syncytiotrophoblast is a single layer that represents the critical morphological and metabolic component of the placental metabolic and exchange barrier. The placental trophoblast contains multiple drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes that form placental metabolic barrier. The levels of the enzymes are not stable and fluctuate throughout pregnancy. Most of the enzymes are expressed at very low mRNA levels, however, in some cases there is absence of any relevant detectable protein or catalytic activity. Cytochrome CYP1A1 is the only placental xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme of the cytochrome P450 superfamily for which significant expression and catalytic activity have been conclusively demonstrated in placental trophoblasts...
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Work of architect Jakob Gartner in the territory of Austria-Hungary
Halusková, Tereza ; Biegel, Richard (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
(in English): The subject of this thesis is the work of a Jewish architect Jakob Gartner (1860 - 1921) in the fields of sacral and mundane architecture. The paper is limited to structures build on the territory of Austria-Hungary. The beginning of the thesis is dedicated to the emerging emancipation of Jews and their influence on the whole society. Right after is the introduction to the theoretical discussion about the style and form, which were preceding the newly created architecture. After this introduction, the paper is pursuing the person of the architect Jakob Gartner himself. The key part of the thesis presents constructed and only planned synagogues across the countries. In the end the focus dedicated to constructed, mostly Viennese, mundane buildings and constructions like a maternity hospital, villa and a larger number of apartment buildings. The final part of the paper is a complete list of the work of Jakob Gartner, which includes as well the buildings built in the regions of Moravia and Silesia.
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From Brief to Solution - Commercial Communication in Sociological Perspective
Novák, Michal ; Tuček, Milan (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the issue of transfer of information in commercial communication and advertising. Using the essential sociological theories it tries to describe the process of designing meaningful and successful commercial communication and points out all the complications which can appear. The increased emphasis is put on the importance of understanding the participant's (sender, receiver) behavior and motivations - in commercial communication represented by the knowledge of target group and the brand itself. Based on the theoretical approaches to the communication process - mainly Stuart's Hall reception theory, Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood model and Petty's Laswell formula - the thesis describes how to design the advertising campaign properly. It is always helpful to analyze the current situation you are in, analyze your customer's interests and when you finally decide which message you want to use in communication, the keystone of the successful transmission is to code it correctly. You also have to take into consideration the definition of target group, market analysis, media-mix etc., as condition of proper encoding/decoding, minimizing external interferences, therefore maximize effectiveness of message transferring - achieve preferable reading. Practical...
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Genus Apodemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the Quaternary fossil record of Central Europe.
Knitlová, Markéta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
Wood mice of the genus Apodemus rank among the most common extant mammals throughout Europe. A history of its species and their distributional ranges is to be looked upon as a serious topic relevant also for general concepts on current setting of European biotic diversity. Nevertheless, despite several phylogeographic studies on that subject and a rich fossil record of the genus, many details of that issue remains only very poorly comprehended. This state is essentially caused by enormous complications with phenotype discrimination of individual species, their extensive variation and broad between-species overlaps in all phenotype traits. The present project was intended to establish the techniques enabling reliable species identification applicable to fragmentary fossil materials and to use them for retrieving information on range dynamics and phylogenetic history of individual species during the Quaternary past. It begun with detailed morphometric analyses of extant populations, using the characters available in fossils, and with establishing a concept of alternative parataxonomic classification covering the complete phenotype span of the genus. The respective techniques were applied onto an extensive set of well-dated records from the Late Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary series from diverse...
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Lifestyle and relationships in the subculture of ballet
Erben, Jakub ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Sládek, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the lifestyle and relationships among professional ballet dancers. Previous studies that have focused on this group, have not focused on the lifestyle as a complex phenomenon, the goal is therefore to supplement existing knowledge in this matter. Given the recent research coverage problem, the thesis uses explorative approach to the conceptual level based on the concepts of lifestyle and subculture and it uses methodologically a qualitative approach. In particular, the conceptual basis in the form of subculture largely determines the orientation, the process and the structure of the paper. It figures as a tool that allows us to organize a view of professional ballet dancers. After defining the concepts related to ballet and introducing the factual account of events enabling to look into the historical and institutional context in which Czech ballet dancers act, followed by a description logic of its study in this paper, including basic concepts of introducing subculture and lifestyle, and clarification of the used methodology. The results of qualitative research among professional ballet dancers that form the core of the paper, are then presented in the next section. Among ballet dancers there were then monitored various aspects of their lives and lifestyles. As an important...
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Caspar David Friedrich, The motif of figure at the window, its genesis and evolution.
Hájková, Zita ; Konečný, Lubomír (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
The thesis deals with the life and work of Caspar David Friedrich (1774 - 1840) who is considered one of the most important painters and drawers of the German romanticism. His main contribution for painting was the creation of pictures with subjective, later also politically motivated symbolism. The themes of his works in particular included the nature where persons often stand and watch the landscape in distance. The first chapter provides information on the personality and work of the painter who created a new style of landscaping. In nature he discovered the spiritual element that he connected with the picture. The work then describes the influences of the romantic literary movement and religion on his work. The second chapter presents a female figure turned with her back to the viewer in a painting called Woman by the Window from 1822. Various interpretations of art historians connected especially with romanticising visions of individuality and infinity are presented. The origin and development of the female figure turned with her back to the viewer in painting from prehistoric times up to the 20th century is also outlined. The phenomenon of a window in art is explained in the third chapter. A window in interior and a view from a window is also demonstrated as a mean of expression of an artist....
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CSR in the Czech Republic - Case study ČSOB
Gregorová, Eva ; Dohnalová, Marie (advisor) ; Surynek, Alois (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of corporate social responsibility while drawing mainly on the political theories of CSR formation. Its theoretical part discusses CSR concept in general, depicting its contributions as well as its seaminess. Further it focuses on the application of CSR in the European and Czech context. Although a lot of companies within the Czech Republic identify themselves with the idea of CSR, ČSOB bank is one of the first ones that applied CSR strategically and is considered as one of the leaders in the field. Case study in the empirical part of the thesis examines specific comprehension of CSR in ČSOB and asses it. In the very end CSR in ČSOB is being confronted with the context of CSR in Czech bank sector.
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Visual Poetry in the Network of the International Communication. Terms, Categories, Typology
Krátká, Eva ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Langerová, Marie (referee) ; Pomajzlová, Alena (referee)
The doctoral thesis is concerned diachronically with the term "visual poetry". The focus is on its progress during the period after the Second World War in the context of the extensively advanced movement, as substantially defined in international expert discussion. The use of the term, which is supported by the arguments of many theoreticians and artists of the period, is studied in the thesis from the viewpoint of the inspirational sources and specific contacts between art and literature. The focus is on the specific positions and strategies of visual perception. Visual poetry is studied - considering the different contexts of the European avant-garde movements and through the analysis of contemporaneous theories which defined three main lines of thought - as an incoherent art stream manifesting itself in the eclectic use of artistic media. In conclusion, the thesis looks at the project of Czech author poetics typology which grew from purely Czech examples based on formal language of the visual poetry works. The thesis seeks to point out the original aspects of the internal discussion of visual poetry, and to place it in the international context.
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Communication Possibilities of Children with Infantile Cerebral Palsy
Zikmundová, Klára ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to attempt to summarize what communication possibilities children suffering from a serious form of infantile cerebral palsy have, to describe them and possibly to clarify what exactly restricts these possibilities. The thesis also tries to answer the question in what way the communication of these individuals differs from the communication of intact persons. The core of the thesis resides in a theoretical exposition which deals - among others - with the communication process and its verbal and non-verbal parts, the diagnostic characterization of the infantile cerebral palsy and the impaired communication ability in symptomatic speech disorders which are associated with this disability. It describes how especially mobility impairment and mental retardation are reflected in the way and possibilities of communication. Special attention is paid to methods of alternative and augmentative communication which can be used as a therapy in the stimulation of the development of communication and speech skills, and which very often represent one of few possible ways of communicating for persons with this disability. The theoretical part is accompanied by video recordings showing communication of four girls suffering from infantile cerebral palsy. As manifestations of this diagnosis...
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