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The case of Rousseau: Formation of an existence
Kojanová, Anna ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis is based on the final works of Michel Foucault (Courage of truth, Fearless peech) and it focuses on how the truth and truth-telling as an activity effects self- formation of the individual, namely self-formation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which is recorded in his autobiografical works (Confession of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Dialoges: Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques, Reveries of a Solitery Walker). In my thesis, I have tried to decide as which true-telling person he could be considered (prophet, sage, teacher, parrhesiastes or cynic). In order to achieve that, I drew from his other philosophical works and secondary literature (Discurses, Essay on the Origin of languages, Emile or On Education, The Social Contract, Letter to M. D'Alembert on Spectacles, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Transparency and Obstruction) and I was looking for evidence of his true nature and thoughts, which I put into context of his work Confessions afterwards. Keywords: Truth, courage of truth, parrhesia, parrhesiastes, cynic, self-love, false meaning about oneself, heart, passion, imagination, human nature, social inequalities.
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Czech and Slovak media representation of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Kvítková, Alena ; Šafařík, Petr (advisor) ; Lizcová, Zuzana (referee)
The master thesis Czech and Slovak media representation of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia is concerned with the way in which media portrayed the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Through the analysis of articles on the topic in question it examines the media image created by each newspaper respectively, by Czech and Slovak newspapers as two units and the overall image based on all of the collected data. Three Czech (Mladá fronta DNES, Rudé právo and Blesk) and three Slovak (Smena, Pravda and Nový Čas) newspapers served as the source for the analysis. Articles from two periods were collected - from the time the act on the dissolution of Czechoslovakia was passed and from the time the actual dissolution took place. The aim is to establish the overall media image of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, but also to compare and contrast the image created by Czech and Slovak newspapers and to study their differences concerning the overall positive, negative or neutral image as well as the implemented media frames. In addition, the thesis also focuses on the different portrayal of the dissolution in right-wing and left-wing newspapers and broadsheet and tabloid press. The final confrontation of the results with public opinion surveys is also important as it proves the connection between the media agenda and...
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Human in the light of science
Houdek, Tomáš ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
The paper thematizes the concept of science in mid- and late thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche in the context of his understanding of scientific cognition of both: human and its world. The study introduces the problem of science and cognition in general in connection with significant motives of Nietzsche's thinking: morality, the revaluation of all values, thinking and living "beyond good and evil", freedom, human body, the superhuman motive, ascetic ideals, and more. Emphasis is put on the problem of veracity in the context of Nietzsche's attitude to idealism. Keywords Human; Superhuman; Nietzsche; Moral Philosophy; Cognition; Truth; Error; Intelect; Body; The Will to Power; Drive and Instinct; Evolution; Idealism; Nihilism; Amor fati; Beyond Good and Evil; Freedom; Ascetic ideals
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Thoughts on Epistemology
Novotný, Vojtěch ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Topic of the Magister thesis is study of human knowledge about the real world. Thesis focuses on the establishment of Epistemology, a philosophical discipline that focuses on theory of knowledge, introduces its history and its relation to other philosophical disciplines, mainly onthology. Thesis thoroughly studies all epistemological conceptions, both from the epistemological and ontological points of view, including conception of subject-object relationship. Thesis studies different sources of knowledge, i.e. empirical, rational, irational, and also analytical philosophy and critical rationalism of the 20th century. Thesis includes a list of the most influencial philosophers and their concepts of human knowledge - Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant. Thesis studies the relationship of epistemology and axiology, the philosophical study of value. Thesis studies concepts of truth of knowledge. Thesis sudies evolutionary epistemology, its theoretical starting points, principles of natural and cultural evolution, phylogenetics and epigenetics and conceptual knowledge.
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Constructivism and Reality between Foerster, Maturana and Kuhn
Duda, Marek ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Murgaš, Jaromír (referee)
This work deals with the introduction of the constructivist school of thought and its comparison with the theory of scientific revolutions and the concept of the paradigm of Thomas Kuhn. In this work, constructivism is represented by radical interpretations of Foerster, Maturana and Varela. These are then confronted with Kuhn's interpretation of scientific revolutions. At the end of the thesis I argue that Kuhn's concept of the paradigm can be interpreted as typically constructivist. In the context of the main line of interpretation of this work, I also critically evaluate motives such as reality, the possibility of true knowledge and related ethical consequences. Key words: constructivism, knowledge, truth, philosophy of science, paradigm
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Scripture in the Works and Life of Gregory S. Skovoroda
Holomková, Teťana ; Bartoň, Josef (advisor) ; Větrovec, Pavel (referee)
The thesis is focused on the personality of Ukranian thinker Hryhorij S. Skovoroda, renowned philosopher, poet, pedagogue and composer of liturgical music. His life journey and important influences which formed his way of thinking (for exmple historical background, culture, education, travelling and crucial moments of his life). Above all, however, thinker's point of view on Holy scripture is investigated. How relationship he had with Holy scripture, how he treated it and how he wrote about it. The thesis presents contents of four Skovoroda's writings in which he deals with the Bible. Subsequently, statements directly related to Scripture or Scripture commentary are excluded from these writings. These represent the original scale of thinker's perception and interpretation of Scripture. Afrerwards, the found statements are compiled into a system that corresponds to Skovoroda's philosophy. The thesis attempts to outline the viewpoint on the Bible through the eyes of Hryhorij S. Skovoroda.
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"You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free" Freedom in the gospel of John
Černá, Zdeňka Klára ; Roskovec, Jan (advisor) ; Mrázek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the question of the concept of freedom in the Gospel of John and the relationship between freedom and truth. The first part of this thesis is focused on the research of concepts of freedom and truth from the Old Testament to the New Testament, it is a description of historical background in which both terms were formed and transformed. This thesis also includes a detailed exegesis of the text of J 8.31-36, which served as the starting point. Due the fact that notion of freedom is most often found in the New Testament in the Gospel of John and Paul's Epistles, I insert a chapter charting the occurrence and use of the concept of freedom in Paul's epistles. In the main part of the thesis I compare the use of the concept of freedom in the Gospel of John and in Paul's letters.
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Cartesian's Body
Rychta, Michal ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Zicha, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to make a resume for a view of body and corporality in relationship with the existence and cognition aspect to res cogitans and res extensa. The issue provides analysis of Cartesian's world extension and its reach over to present time through symbols, medicines and religion. Simultaneously the essence of authentic life in the truth as the most important essence and sense of life's existence is given as well. Keywords: Body, corporality, body scheme, truth, authenticity
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C. S. Lewis and the Language of Modern Apologetics
Šmejdová, Barbora ; Novotný, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Červenková, Denisa (referee) ; Štěch, František (referee)
ThLic. Bc. Barbora Šmejdová Title of the thesis: C. S. Lewis and the Language of Modern Apologetics Abstract The dissertation thesis is devoted to the question of what kind of language we should use in contemporary apologetics to make Christian message communicable to unbelievers. This question is approached through the work of C. S. Lewis. After the introduction and biography of the author, the thesis provides the analysis of Lewis' gnoseological starting points. In this chapter, we are trying to show that Lewis is able to pay attention to the present accent on subjective perspective without getting trapped in relativism. The next chapter focuses on Lewis' theory of language. For his view, the theme of myth and metaphor is central. Together with Lewis, we come to the conclusion that human language is metaphorical, but we can still touch truth. This journey is not easy, though. To be able to make readers approach truth, the author has to live in truth. That is why the next chapter is devoted to the theological interpretation of imagination and shows that authentic Christian imagination is an integral part of each good apologetic text. The last chapter is focused on the genres of apologetics and, based on Lewis' work, presents their benefits and restrictions. Keywords C. S. Lewis; language of apologetics;...
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