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Three Essays on Labor Market Institutional Environment
Fialová, Kamila ; Schneider, Ondřej (advisor) ; Münich, Daniel (referee) ; Brada, Josef (referee) ; Dybczak, Kamil (referee) ; Janáček, Kamil (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Economic Studies Three Essays on Labor Market Institutional Environment Dissertation Thesis Kamila Fialová Prague 2012 Abstract This thesis consists of three papers about labor market institutional environment. The first paper "Labor Market Institutions and Their Effect on Labor Market Performance in the New EU Member Countries" estimates the effects of labor market institutions on various performance indicators (unemployment, long-term unemployment, employment, activity rate) in European countries. The results confirm that high taxes increase unemployment, whereas active labor market policies tend to reduce it. The paper also shows that stricter employment protection, higher taxes, and a larger economic burden represented by the minimum wage decrease employment and activity rates. The second paper "Labor Market Institutions and Their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe" analyzes the role of labor market institutions in explaining developments of shadow economies in European countries using several alternative measures of the shadow sector. The results indicate that the one institution that unambiguously increases shadow production and employment is strict employment protection legislation. Other labor market institutions have less...
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The Shadow Economy Analysis in the Czech Republic
Filipec, Petr ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Buzková, Petra (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta sociálních věd Institut ekonomických studií Bibliografická evidence vysokoškolských prací Název práce Analýza šedé ekonomiky v České republice Podnázev práce Anglický překlad The shadow economy analysis in the Czech Republic Typ práce bakalářská práce Autor/ka: Petr Filipec Rok zpracování 2011 Vedoucí práce Petr Janský M.Sc. Počet stran 59 pdf, 49 dle číslování Ocenění-pochvala Specializace Abstrakt česky Tato bakalářská práce se skládá ze dvou hlavních částí. První se zabývá prezentací teoretických poznatků týkajících se jevu zvaný šedá ekonomika. Tato část popisuje definice, příčiny, důsledky a metody odhadování stínové ekonomiky. V druhé části prezentujeme výsledky odhadů velikosti šedé ekonomiky v České republice v letech 1990-2009 použitím Kaufmann - Kaliberda modelu a metody měření poptávky po oběživu. Také zde analyzujeme získaný vývoj velikosti šedé i celkové ekonomické činnosti. Podle výsledků získaných metodou měření poptávky po oběživu velikost neoficiální ekonomiky poklesla z 18.4% na 14.2 - 15.7% HDP v letech 1994-2009, ale ve stálých cenách její velikost stagnovala. Tedy vývoj celkové a oficiální ekonomické činnosti se výrazně neliší. Výsledky Kaufmann - Kaliberda metody se ukázaly jako nepravděpodobné, což je způsobeno sestavením tohoto modelu. Abstract in...
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Legalizace výnosu z trestné činnosti- mikroekonomická a makroekonomická perspektiva
Danková, Diana ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kováč, Michal (referee)
The primary objective of this diploma thesis is to comprehensively present the issue of money laundering not only on a macro level but also in terms of commercial bank and its microeconomic response to it. The main contribution of this diploma thesis is to identify the global indicators, which should be considered when drafting strategies in the fight against the legalization of proceeds from crimes. This diploma thesis addresses the changes caused by current globalization and highlights the dangerous effects it has on evolution of this consequent criminal activity together with evaluation of its potential in the future. Due to the tense situation in Europe caused by the series of terrorist attacks, part of the work is dedicated to the explanation of the relationship between terrorist financing and money laundering.
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Estimate VAT selection after the introduction of electronic evidence of sales in the Czech Republic from 2016
Píchal, Dominik ; Pikhart, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zeman, Martin (referee)
The Bachelors Thesis focuses on the topic of the tax collection and other subjects that are related to the topic like underground economy, tax evasion and other instruments that lead to the efficiency improvement of the tax collection. Electronic evidence of taxes in Czech is the kind of the instrument that aims towards the increase of the tax collection and improvement of the control of the taxpayer. Comparation and analysis was used for its methodological basis. Analysis and comparison serves as the proof that the thesis, of the electronic evidence of taxes beeing an effective instrument, is correct. The merit of the thesis is an overall description of the chosen phenomena affecting the tax collection, description of the models of electronic evidence of taxes from abroad and most importantly description and analysis of the upcoming czech one.
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Cashless society
Mucha, Petr ; Schlossberger, Otakar (advisor) ; Mazáček, David (referee)
This thesis is aimed at cashless payments which have recently gained worldwide significance. Cash is being gradually phased-out by card transactions and mobile payments via non-bank provider of payment services. A question arises of what would happen if cash would disappear in its entirety and we would find ourselves in a "cashless society". This topic which at first glance appears to be utopian is the subject of this thesis. The first part compares the market of cashless payments in the Czech Republic and in northern Europe (which is amongst the most developed), in particular with regard to the use of cards and mobile payments. The second part is concerned with the phenomenon of shadow economy and the influence of cashless payments on its volume. Concrete recommendations for the Czech economy are also the part of this chapter. The final part hits the essence of the issue and deals with concrete pros and cons of going cashless. The chapter is systematically divided into three parts - security, cost-benefit analysis and legal aspects.
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Phenomena of corruption. Methods of measuring
Putryk, Maria ; Džbánková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Soukupová, Jana (referee)
This masters thesis deals with the phenomena of corruption and its methods of measuring. The objective of this thesis was to fully analyze the problem of corruption, its types, causes and consequences. This work describes organizations that measure corruption and the methods of its measuring. Most of the methods are based on the soft data gained in opinion polls. That is why the aim of this thesis was to link Corruption Perception Index with the truly measurable data as world tax index and size of shadow economy. The main finding of the work is negative correlation between world tax index and CPI and positive correlation between size of shadow economy and CPI.
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Second housing and underground ekonomy in comunist Czechoslovakia
Lukešová, Valentina ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The final thesis covers a situation of a second housing in Czech Republic. It analyzes an origin and a development of this phenomenon during 20th century. Thesis is focused on the second half of 20th century especially, emphasizes the variety of motivations for having the hobby of second housing and also discusses the issues with constructions or reconstructions of cottages and chalets. Particularly, insufficiencies of building materials and lack of craft services that are closely related to underground economy, which is also discussed here.
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Rozuzlení vztahu korupce a šedé ekonomiky
Rais, Jonáš ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Potužák, Pavel (referee)
This paper analyses the relationship between corruption and shadow economy. Synthesis of existing theoretical models and the empirical findings in this paper show that different types of corrupt behavior interact with shadow economy differently. Therefore, the relationship between contexts differs. Overall, it seems that the mechanisms leading to the complementary relationship are more prevalent. The results also imply that the quality of public goods available in the official economy influences where the different types of corrupt behavior manifest. When the quality of the public goods is high, corruption and shadow economy appear to be substitutes and when the quality is low, they are complements. However, the relationship is not robust and depends upon the measures used to assess the public goods quality. Furthermore, corruption and shadow economy seem to be complements in decentralized countries and countries with high taxes.
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Law aspects and impacts of informal and shadow economy
Lehovcová, Zuzana ; Neděla, Radek (advisor) ; Kostohryz, Milan (referee)
The subject of this thesis is shadow economy. The first part is dedicated to key words, measurement methods of shadow economy and her positive and negative aspects. Next part talks about main reasons of origin and rise of shadow economy and describes her subsystems with focus on tax evasions and illegal work. It evaluates the level of legislation of shadow economy. It presents established and planned measure to decrease the range of shadow economy. In the last part it offers the analysis of results from questionnaire aimed to the public relation connected to the shadow economy.
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Šedá ekonomika, komparace jejího rozsahu v tranzitivních ekonomikách ČSSR a Číny
Klimešová, Michaela ; Stieber, Michal (advisor)
Tato práce se na následujících stránkách bude zabývat fenoménem tématu šedé ekonomiky. Ačkoliv je toto téma v současné době velmi aktuální, není úplně běžně předmětem zkoumání, výzkumů a analýz. Stínová ekonomika zahrnuje mnoho aktivit, jejichž příčiny a důsledky je vždy velmi těžké jakkoli statisticky stanovit. Základním a prvotním krokem pro nás bude stanovit a pokusit se kvalifikovat šedou ekonomiku jako pojem. Jaké všechny aktivity lze do této sféry zahrnout, jejich povahu a vztah např. k nedostatkům oficiálního trhu jako takového. Může se zdát jednoduché uvést prostou definici prostého pojmu, ale z mnoha důvodů, z nichž některé jsem již zmínila, není skutečně nejjednodušší šedou ekonomiku kvalifikovat. Dalším stěžejním prvkem pro nás bude zjištění možností, které nám současné zkušenosti v této oblasti dovolují, ke stanovení základních vlastností šedé sféry. Především tedy definovat a rozlišit jednotlivé metody stanovení stínové ekonomiky, a s tím související metody ke stanovení jejího rozsahu.
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