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Clinical impact of anatomical variation of the pancreas and its vascular supply
Rousek, Michael ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Liška, Václav (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Knowledge of the anatomy of the pancreas, its vascular structures and their anatomical variations is crucial for the hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeon. Some anatomical variations of the pancreas can cause specific diseases in patients. Our work aims to provide a detailed review of clinically important variations in the anatomical structure of the pancreas and its vascular supply. The other goal was to identify the clinically important anatomical variations in the two most frequently performed pancreatic resections. The next goal was to describe the vascular supply of postresection pancreatic remnants and to determine a potentially critical anatomical arrangement that could influence postoperative perfusion of the remnant. The results were confirmed in a retrospective analysis of the patients after pancreatic resections. The most critical variations in the vascular supply of the pancreas were identified as a result of the experiment. Critical anatomical variations in the vascular supply of the postresection remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy were found. In these cases, the vascular supply of the pancreatic remnant is provided only through non-constant anastomosis between the splenic artery and the transverse pancreatic artery. In the retrospective analysis, these patients had a significantly...
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Critical parameters of success for csr focused on internal stakeholders in management of a manufacturing company during digitalization of industry
Slavík, Jan ; Liška, Václav (referee) ; Palíšek, Eduard (referee) ; Přikrylová, Jana (referee) ; Putnová, Anna (advisor)
The dissertation examines two strategic concepts of CSR and Industry 4.0 in two time levels – in the present and in the future. A key factor in adoption and implementation of these strategies in a manufacturing company are employees and corporate employee care within the social pillar of CSR. This raises interrelated questions about what is the content of the social pillar of CSR, what is its state, how it is affected by Industry 4.0, what are the expectations of internal stakeholders in the future and what are the critical parameters of CSR management. With a methodological and data triangulation and a case study research strategy with semi-structured individual and group interviews and a questionnaire survey, data were collected from a total of 40 respondents from two large, international, manufacturing companies and one academic expert group. Individual interviews with experts and secondary literature research brought a proposal for a model of the social pillar of internal CSR. A questionnaire survey for company managers and academic experts revealed the current and future weight of the topics from the proposed model. Group interviews with shop floor employees identified their expectations from CSR and Industry 4.0. Individual interviews with managers broadened these expectations from the company's perspective. The result of the research is a model of the social pillar of internal CSR consisting of 53 topics, which are divided into 7 challenges of digitization. Determining the weights of the topics brought knowledge of which topics will be most affected by Industry 4.0 and which will be the least. By analyzing and comparing the identified expectations of different internal stakeholder groups, critical parameters of CSR were discovered and described. The developed model and description of critical parameters should serve as a tool for evaluating the state of the social pillar of internal CSR and to support decision-making on its management in the present and in the future. The originality of the research lies in the integral and complex description of the social pillar of internal CSR under the influence of Industry 4.0. It is thus a contribution to global research into the impact of industrial digitization on the management of the social pillar of CSR and an impetus to explore other pillars of CSR.
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Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure in experiment
Koblihová, Eva ; Ryska, Miroslav (advisor) ; Urbánek, Petr (referee) ; Liška, Václav (referee)
Acute liver failure (ALF) is life-threatening disease with high mortality rate. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only effective therapy but it is limited with scarcity of donor organs. Other methods are searching for as bridging therapy. Transplantation of hepatocytes seems to be a promising method. We have chosen the chemical model of acute liver failure caused by intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. We wanted to investigate the course of ALF when induced by increasing doses of TAA, ranging from 175 to 700 mg/kg of body weight i.p. per day. Plasma levels of albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and ammonia levels and survival rate were determined. We also examined whether Wistar and Lewis rats exhibit any differences in the course of ALF in response to increasing TAA doses. Our data show that Wistar rats are more susceptible to developing TAA-induced ALF than Lewis rats. In the other part we focused on hepatocyte transplantation in ALF. TAA was administrated i.p. in two injections, in the total amount of 525 mg/kg of body weight. After this dose all Lewis rats developed ALF and without treatment succumbed within first 48 h. Hepatocyte were isolated from transgenic male rat luc-Lwe-Tg in two step collagenase...
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Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and tehir impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment
Vyčítal, Ondřej ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee) ; Šiller, Jiří (referee)
Molecular biologic principles of progression of colorectal carcinoma and their impact on individualized oncosurgical treatment Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes together with naturall killer have crucial role in immune reaction against colorectal carcinoma (CRCa). Executive molecule of cytotoxic immune reaction is granzym B. Natural inhibitor of granzyme B is serpine B9. Aims: Authors evaluated effect of immunohistological parameters of TIL on presence of lymph node metastasis of CRCa. Authors were also focused on selecting patients with high risk of short overall survival (OS) and short desease free interval (DFI) after radical surgical therapy. Methods: Group of 152 patients was analyzed, 63 patients in cohort classified in stage II according Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and 89 patients in cohort UICC III (with lymph node metastasis). All of them were electively radically operated due to CRCa. Evaluating of TIL pattern was defined as peritumoral (PTL), intratumoral (ITL), intrastromal (ISL) and Crohn-like. Monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3, CD57, and granzyme B were used for immunohistological staining of TIL. Cancer cells were stained with CD56 and serpine B9 monoclonal antibody. Also endovascular (VE), lymphatic and perineural infiltration were evaluated....
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The role of genetic factors in the prognosis and prediction of effects of the chemotherapy of breast carcinoma
Hlaváč, Viktor ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Hodek, Petr (referee) ; Liška, Václav (referee)
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women in our country and worldwide. One of the obstacles to successful therapy is a multidrug resistance. It can be caused by different factors, such as overexpression of ABC transporters, or decreased expression of SLC transporters, deregulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, variability of the targets of anticancer drugs, failure of apoptosis or increased capacity of repair genes. The aim of this study was to search for associations of genes of drug transport and metabolism with the prognosis of patients or response to chemotherapy. From the view of preventive medicine, this aim constitutes an important part of both secondary and tertiary prevention of cancer, i.e., discovery of markers enabling optimal therapy selection for each patient, decreasing the risk of disease progression to advanced and resistant stage, and elimination of side effects of chemotherapy. The expression profile of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (49 genes), cytochromes P450 (CYPs, 10 genes), aldo-keto reductases (AKRs, 13 genes) and carbonyl reductase 1 was analyzed in the tumor and adjacent non- tumor control tissues in a cohort of neoadjuvantly treated patients. Genes deregulated in tumors compared with control tissues or genes associated with clinical data were assessed in...
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Founding and Development of the Town of Jemnice; the Town's Cultural Heritage Protection
Indrová, Martina ; Půtová, Barbora (advisor) ; Hubáček, Ondřej (referee) ; Liška, Václav (referee)
Founding and Development of the Town of Jemnice; the Town's Cultural Heritage Protection PhDr. Martina Indrová THESIS ABSTRACT Jemnice, a smaller town with approximately five thousand inhabitants, lies near the border encountering of three historic lands - Bohemia, Moravia and Austria. Similar to places of this sort, this fact influenced strongly its appearance and the life within the town walls. We are poorly informed about the foundation of this town. In recent years, Jemnice however attracted the attention of experts; so the new fragments can be added to the mosaic of the town history. There were more reasons why Jemnice stayed away from the main interest of researchers. The most influencing circumstance appeared after World War II, when, for its location near the Austrian frontier, Jemnice found itself at the edge of a new border area. That fact of the matter substantially limited and delayed the town forwarding. The source basis for the history of Jemnice demands very careful and critical attitude. The so called Boček forgeries influenced expert opinions on the beginnings of the town for a long time. In 1832, the town suffered fire damage that destroyed not only many architectural monuments, but also most of old municipal books and documents. Perhaps this event made Antonín Boček to manufacture some...
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Use of Nanomaterials in Fortification of Anastomoses on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Rosendorf, Jáchym ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Herrmann, Inge K. (referee) ; Wexner, Steven D. (referee)
Background: The main focus of the dissertation is the use of nanofibrous biodegradable materials for the healing support of intestinal anastomoses in colorectal surgery. The altered healing process of intestinal anastomosis leads to several types of local complications. Anastomotic leakage is one of the most feared ones. Severe anastomotic leakage causes peritonitis, sepsis and is a life-threatening condition. Reoperation is necessary in many cases, bringing the need for intensive care, and hospital stays prolongation. Extensive peritoneal adhesions are another source of postoperative complications. These adhesions are a frequent cause of bowel obstruction and abdominal discomfort and are the most common reason for readmission after colorectal procedures. Nanofibrous biodegradable materials showed positive effects on the healing process in various locations. We aimed to develop and perfect a biodegradable patch for both prevention of anastomotic leakage and the formation of extensive peritoneal adhesions. Methods: We conducted 3 subsequential experiments on porcine models. In Experiment A, we managed to develop polycaprolactone and polylactic acid- polycaprolactone copolymer nanofibrous patches and applied them on anastomoses on the small porcine intestine. The animals were observed for 3 weeks....
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Possibilties of Portal Vein Reconstruction During Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Experiment on a Large Animal
Pálek, Richard ; Liška, Václav (advisor) ; Ryska, Miroslav (referee) ; Loveček, Martin (referee)
Possibilities of Portal Vein Reconstruction during Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Experiment on a Large Animal Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy that is known as one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The only potentially curative treatment is radical surgical resection. Because of the lack of early symptoms, the diagnosis is usually made in advanced stages of the disease. In the majority of patients, the tumor is already locally advanced or it has distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Pancreatic cancer tends to infiltrate the portal vein (PV) or the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Nowadays, resection of infiltrated parts of PV/SMV is recommended in specialized centers. There are several established techniques of PV/SMV reconstruction. The use of allogeneic venous grafts seems to be a method with minimal risk of adverse effects but there is only limited experience with these grafts. The optimal anatomical origin of allogeneic venous grafts for PV/SMV reconstruction remains unknown. Aims: The aim of this experiment was to compare two types of allogeneic venous grafts used for PV reconstruction in a large animal model of pancreatico- duodenectomy. These grafts were harvested from the systemic venous system (inferior caval vein grafts - IVC grafts) and...
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Telomere Length in Colorectal Cancer
Tomášová, Kristýna ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Liška, Václav (referee)
Telomeres are non-coding nucleoprotein structures that make up the very end of each linear chromosome. They stabilize chromosome structure and thus prevent the ends from being recognized by DNA damage response machinery. Telomere shortening in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle is related to the loss of protective ability and the finite replicative potential of the cell. The environmental factors, impaired DNA repair pathways, and loss of telomeric DNA-binding proteins exert negative effects on telomere function. Telomere dysfunction instigates chromosomal rearrangements and together with telomere erosion precedes tumorigenesis. Extension of telomeric DNA is catalyzed by the enzyme telomerase, whose activity is repressed in most adult somatic cells, except for stem cells, lymphocytes, and some cancer cell types. Colorectal cancer comprises malignant tumors of the colon and rectum. It is the second most common cancer in both sexes in the Czech Republic, with over 81,000 cases diagnosed in 2013 and 55.2% overall survival at 5 years. This study focuses on the association of telomere length to clinico-pathological features of the colorectal cancer patients and investigates also the effect of cancer treatment on telomere length. Further, it compares two methods of telomere length measurement; the...
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