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Study of factors influencing weight of oral drops. 2.
Šímová, Sandra ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Řehula, Milan (referee)
Ten commercial packages of oral drops with seven different dropper tips have been tested in this thesis. The mass of a drop has been investigated in the dependence on density, surface tension, dynamic viscosity and dispensing angle. Physical and chemical properties of oral formulations influence significantly the dropping ability of dispensing systems as well as the mass of a drop. An explicit dropping condition has been deduced. It formulates relations among characteristic dimensions of the dispensing system, surface tension and density of the liquid. The validity of the dropping condition has been verified for all original commercial packages. A linear relationship between drop mass and viscosity has been determined experimentally; a weak decreasing dependence between necking diameter and viscosity has been found. A combined influence of density and surface tension on diameter of a drop has been explained. The mass of drop decreases significantly when the dispensing angle decreases from 90ř to 70ř. However, the variability of dose increases simultaneously due to wetting of dropper tip and possible formation of bigger drops. A patient should be informed about the necessity to drop the oral formulation upon strictly vertical position. This information has been missing at seven from ten original...
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Cortical electrical stimulation and pain
Rusina, Robert ; Rokyta, Richard (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Paleček, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the study was to examine effects of sensorimotor cortex stimulation on pain in animal. A behavioral model investigated pain thresholds in deafferentated rats depending on cortex stimulation and two neurophysiological models studied different components of the jaw opening reflex (JOR) and tooth pulp evoked potentials (TPEPs) following cortical stimulation. The behavioral model used 18 deafferentated (dorsal root rhizotomy) rats and 14 controls. Pain thresholds were measured before and after cortical stimulation using plantar test and tail-flick latencies. In the neurophysiological model, rats were implanted with tooth pulp, cerebral cortex, and digastric muscle electrodes. 15 animals were divided into three groups, receiving 60 Hz, 40 Hz and no cortical stimulation, respectively. TPEPs were recorded before, one, three and fi ve hours after continuous stimulation. 10 other rats were submitted to recordings after a single tooth pulp stimulation, while in 5 more rats we administrated conditioning and test stimulation. TPEPs and digastric EMG were simultaneously recorded. A multiresolution denoising method was used for signal processing. Our results show a similar effect of the stimulation in man and experimental animals despite the differences in the organization of the cerebral cortex. Our results...
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Investigation of Biologically Active Plant Secondary Metabolites by Antioxidant and Anti-Aggregative Tests
Řeháková, Zuzana ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee) ; Grančai, Daniel (referee)
The effort to find compounds with significant antioxidant properties and with some other therapeutically useful biological activity (e.g. anti-platelet activity) from the wide group of sturcturally different naturally occuring compouds (or plant extracts) or their synthetic derivatives, was the purpose of this work. Radical Scavenging activity of tested compounds or plant extracts was measured by modified DPPH test use program SIA (sequential injection analysis). Singificant radical scavenging activity exhibited polyfenols, namely gallic acid (EC50= 0,0025 ± 0,002 mg/ml) and ethyl-gallate (EC50= 0,0038 ± 0,001 mg/ml). Also the pure latex of Croton lechleri exhibited significantly radical scavenging activity (EC50=0,0347 ± 0,018 mg/ml). From the group of tested methylcoumarins, the excelent antioxidant aktivity exhibited ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins, espicially 7,8-dihydroxy-4- methylcoumarin and its derivatives (EC50= 24,9 ± 2,7 μM). Further was the antioxidant activity tested by FRAP methods modified to used micropalates P 400 μl. This spectrofothometric method based on ability of compounds to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, confirmed the antioxidant activity of ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins. The antiplatelet activity of pure compounds and herbal extracts was assayed in vitro on the model of human...
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Theoretical and methodological perspective of cross-national comparative surveys (Application of cluster analysis in comparative analyses of European Social Survey)
Anýžová, Petra ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the theoretical and methodological perspectives of comparative cross-national surveys. The importance of these perspectives currently increases, especially because of the creation of extensive continual international programs, as for instance European Social Survey, which realize quantitative researches with broad range of social topics. The Czech Republic began to engage in these international projects after 1989. The first goal of my thesis was to map the contributions which comparative studies bring into the combination of the theory and research in the area of sociology and illustrate the ability of comparative studies to contribute to the constructions of new theories and verifications of already existing theories. The thesis focuses also on the description of specific attributes which separate comparative studies from the standard monocultural studies. The second goal of my thesis was to describe methodological background of comparative survey researches with an emphasis on the concept of equivalence in cross-national research and on the achieving of quality of international surveys. Apart from the general methodological characterization an attention was paid to the specific approaches of the analysis of collected international data. Cluster analysis seems to be the most...
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Impact of the american mortgage crisis on the economy of Iceland
Radilová, Eva ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Josef (referee)
This paper concentrates on the beginning of the mortgage crisis on the United States mortgage market. It deals with its global and local impacts and explains its origin against the economic background. After that it fluently continues with describing the origins of the Icelandic crisis. It is mentioned in this part that despite the economic boom the origins of the crisis had arisen at that time. After the burst the progression of the crisis including its impacts on macroeconomic indicators is described in this document. In conclusion the Icelandic crisis is being explained on the economic theory basis, compared to the American crisis and the question if Iceland was really a victim of the subprime mortgage crisis is answered there.
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Chalcones and their analogues as potential drugs.
Chlupáčová, Marta ; Hartl, Jiří (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee) ; Čižmárik, Jozef (referee)
1 SUMMARY This dissertation thesis deals with searching for potential drugs, particularly with preparation and biological activity study of natural compounds derivatives - chalcones. The work includes preparation of intermediates - 5-alkylated pyrazin-2-carbonitriles and 1-pyrazinyl-2-ethanones. Substituted chalcones, several series of pyrazine analogues of chalcones and Michael adducts of chalcones with different thiols were prepared as final products. In this part of the work, known reaction methodologies were used. Products were identified by melting point, resp. boiling point, IR, NMR spectra. Their purity was checked by elemental analysis. In the case of liquids, elemental analysis could not be performed, and MS spectra were recorded instead. In total were prepared 22 intermediates (9 of them have been described in our department) 62 final products (19 of them have been already described) 1 by-product 57 Unknown compounds were prepared. Synthesis of 12 compounds was not successful. The final products were tested for their antimycobacterial, antifungal, antialgal, and antiaggregating effects. The chalcones were examined for the ability to inhibit one of the cysteine protease - papain and this part of the work continued in a preliminary kinetic study of reaction addition of chalcones with thiol-...
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The impact of selected sesquiterpenes on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the differentiated Caco-2 cell line
Verešová, Erika ; Svobodová, Hana (advisor) ; Szotáková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Erika Verešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Hana Bártíková, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of selected sesquiterpenes on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the differentiated Caco-2 cell line The cases of cancer diagnosis rapidly continue to grow across the population. It is a modern trend to buy more and more often a variety of herbal food supplements in order to strengthen or restore human health. Many scientists have been researching Myrica rubra plant for its potential therapeutic effects. In our research we used sesquiterpenes isolated from this plant, in order to determine their effects on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in a differentiated Caco-2 cell line derived from intestinal epithelium tumor that have maintained characteristics of healthy cells. Caco-2 cells are being used as a basis for testing of substances and their effects on non-cancerous cells. The cells were incubated for 24 and 48 hours with a concentration 25 µg/ml of tested substances. Essential oil from Myrica rubra and selected individual sesquiterpenes (α- humulene, β-caryophyllene and trans-nerolidol) were chosen to be tested. Of the antioxidant enzymes, we determined the enzymes glutathione-S-transferase,...
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The effects of different agro-technologies on the soil physical quality in selected localities in the South Moravian Region
Bažantová, Adéla ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Farmland is being handled by various the tillage of soil especially for the correct course of soil processes, plant growth and development and of course profit. There are two types of the tillage of soil are their conventional (classical) which involves plowing and minimization tillage, where is excluded plowing. The last few decades, the development the tillage of soil focuses on minimization tillage. This includes loosing up small depth, soil conservation tillage and direct seeding. This thesis is aimed at impact of minimization tillage on selected physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. Sampling undisturbed soil samples was performed on the experimental plot Kozlany by Kopecky rollers (V = 100 cm3) from depth of 0 - 10 cm, during the year 2016. On this plot was used minimization tillage in the form loosing up small depth and direct seeding.
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Waxes and Lipids Extraction from Miscanthus Giganteus Stems.
Rousková, Milena ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František ; Bárnet, M. ; Svátek, A. ; Stránská, M. ; Hanika, Jiří
In the framework of the project BIORAF, supported by Technology Agency CR (project no. TE01020080), plantations for experimental production of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis have been founded by the project partner AGRA Co. Tall stems of this plant contain a broad spectrum of various substances (waxes, lipids, carotenoids, etc.) being potentially exploitable in cosmetics.Extraction processing of crushed dry stems using non-polar solvent is a promising way for separation of these substances into an extract, whereas the waste raffinate containing waste biomass has, after being pressed into the form of pellets, the potential for energetic utilization as green fuel.\n
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