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Gender and social cognition
Schneiderová, Magdalena ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to present a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in the field of gender research and social cognition as well as to contribute with results of my own research. The biggest emphasis of the theoretical part lies on stereotypes and gender differences in personality characteristics, topics that are closely related to the research part of this paper. The empirical part answers the question whether information about the sex of a person has impact on how we assess this person's personality. After reading a short biography of a fictitious person, respondents described this person on 30 items of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974). Results showed that respondents rated some characteristics differently for the male figure than the woman figure. Respondents of both sexes perceived the described man as significantly less Forceful and less Defending his own believes than the described woman. Although not always significantly, all 10 items satiating the BSRI masculinity score showed the same tendency to evaluate the figure of the man as less masculine than the figure of the woman. Part of the Discussion is dedicated to possible interpretations of these results. To obtain a deeper understanding, further research is required.
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Face recognition and emotional expression processing in primates
Englerová, Kateřina ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Fajnerová, Iveta (referee)
Visual modality is one of the most important senses for primates and also for many other an-imals. It allows them to perceive stimuli from their environment - important objects and places, and also conspecifics or individuals of other species. One of the crucial cognitive skills, especially for social animals, is the ability to distinguish between individuals and their emotions due to different facial features and expressions.Aim of this work is to summarize the current knowledge about face and emotion recognition. It includes neurological mechanisms, experimental methodologies and comparison between species.
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Positive aspects of depressive disorder on social cognition
Beránková, Justýna ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Bartošková, Magda (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present an unusual view on depressive disorder from the perspective of evolutionary psychologists. Recent studies which are engaged in a positive impact of sad mood and depressive disorder on social cognition are presented. These studies are followed by our own quantitative research. Research group of patients with primary diagnosis of depression (n = 41) and control group (n = 41) were examined by Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Schwartz scale and two original methods, that were created for the purpose of this research. Methods include two videotapes - True or False and Speed Dating which focus on the ability of participants to estimate the given social situation. There was no statistically significant difference between the research and the control group in tasks focused on social cognition. The performance of both groups is comparable.
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Social cognitions of depressive patients
Ševčíková, Marcela ; Výrost, Jozef (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Social cognition - the ability to identify, perceive, and interpret socially relevant information - is an important skill that plays a significant role in successful interpersonal functioning. Social cognitive performance seems to be impaired in several mental disorders. The relationship with major depressive disorder is less well understood. The aim of the thesis was to present a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on social cognition in depression as well as to contribute with results of our own research. Two original video-methods presenting difficult and complex social situation were developed in this study. Acutely depressed patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) were examined with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and with Lie or True and Rendez-views video-methods. We found no difference in the performance in our video-methods between the tested groups. Evidence of The Depressive Realism Hypothesis was not proven in this study. Further research in this area is needed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Social cognition in birds Testing under laboratory conditions
Vondráčková, Nikola ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
The thesis focuses on avian social cognition and its experimental methods in laboratory environment. Social cognition is the ability to know each other based on individual experience. Perception, attention, reasoning, memory and communication are the necessary cognitive competence of social cognition. Some cognitive domains are exclusively in social cognition - for example communication, theory of mind etc. Species of birds living in social groups constitute the social environment in which individuals respond to each other. Research subject of this thesis consists of these social interactions. Emphasis is placed mainly on parrots and corvids. The aim of this study is to review methods which have been used in order to test social cognition as well as critical evaluation of these methods. Key words: social cognition, cooperation, competition, laboratory tests
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Mirror neuron system: Mechanisms and functions
Loginova, Alisa ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
Mirror neurons (MN) are a group of neurons with extraordinary visuomotor character. Their activation is connected to an observation of a certain action and its execution, if the action was already in motoric repertoire of the observer. MN were firstly identified in macaque's brain, with later identification in human's brain. The most important structures where we can find the MN are Broca's area located in the inferior part of frontal gyrus (IFG), premotor cortex and superior parietal lobule (SPL). The functions of MN are various, they take part in action understanding, imitation, learning and language. According to present knowledge, they were assigned a role in social cognition - while experiencing empathy and theory of mind (ToM). Empathy can be defined as sharing of another person's emotions. ToM highlights the importance of one's ability to represent metal states of other people, knowledge, wishes and experiences. It leads towards understanding and anticipating of another person's actions. Additionally to MN, amygdala, insula and basal ganglia are also important in processes of social cognition. Impairments of social cognitive skills are in autism, schizophrenia and psychopathy. Key words: mirror neuron system, motor area, social cognition, empathy, theory of mind
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The gender aspects of homelessness
Stuiberová, Vendula ; Kaňák, Jan (advisor) ; Stretti, Sylvie (referee)
The bachelor thesis entitled "The gender aspects of homelessness" is about men and women without their home. The bachelor thesis is focused on the difference of perception of women and men without their home regarding their situation. The theoretical part deals with the issue of the homelessness, history, division, gender aspects. The thesis explains the concept of gender, social congnition, gender stereotypes in the society and in homelessness. The aim of the research is to answer the research question "How homeless women and homeless men perceive their situation given their gender? " Key words Homelessness, gender, stereotypes, person without shelter, social cognition, gender difference
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Social cognitions of depressive patients
Ševčíková, Marcela ; Výrost, Jozef (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Social cognition - the ability to identify, perceive, and interpret socially relevant information - is an important skill that plays a significant role in successful interpersonal functioning. Social cognitive performance seems to be impaired in several mental disorders. The relationship with major depressive disorder is less well understood. The aim of the thesis was to present a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on social cognition in depression as well as to contribute with results of our own research. Two original video-methods presenting difficult and complex social situation were developed in this study. Acutely depressed patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) were examined with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and with Lie or True and Rendez-views video-methods. We found no difference in the performance in our video-methods between the tested groups. Evidence of The Depressive Realism Hypothesis was not proven in this study. Further research in this area is needed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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