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Design of watering module for mobile robot
Vizváry, Peter ; Králík, Jan (referee) ; Krejsa, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the design of a watering module for a mobile robot. The main goals of this work are to design various concepts of the watering module and their subsequent comparison, ending with the selection of the final concept, which results in its implementation in the form of a prototype with subsequent testing of its properties. The first part of this work is focused on the analysis of the issue and the definition of the assigned task together with the main parameters and requirements. The second part contains an overview of known solutions to the issue and designs for own concepts of the watering module and its individual components. The designs are compared and evaluated in terms of their performance, complexity and price. In the third part, based on the evaluation of the most promising variants, there is a selection of the final concept and after that designing and selection of the final constructional solution. The fourth part is focused on the design and implementation of the prototype, contains the selection and design of the necessary components, module assembly and the creation of the control algorithm of the watering module. The final fifth part contains testing of the functional properties of the prototype, their evaluation and subsequent suggestions for its improvement.
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RNA interference in plants
Čermák, Vojtěch ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kulich, Ivan (referee)
The process of RNA interference allows cells to regulate functions of their genes. This process is usually initiated by the presence of double-stranded RNA within a cell. Such double-stranded RNA is diced by a specific protein called Dicer into duplexes of small RNAs, usually 20-25 nucleotides long. Single-stranded small RNAs, released from the duplexes, are the heart of RNA interference and they can be categorize into several groups according to their biogenesis. There are two groups of small RNAs in plants: miRNA and siRNA. Small RNAs can associate with a protein called Argonaut and guide it to the target molecule on the bases of sequence complementarity. The Argonaut-small RNA complex can act on itself or it can interact with other proteins in a wide spectrum of processes. The complex can slice the target mRNA (which can be handled by the sole Argonaut and small RNA), it can suppress translation or it can direct chromatin modifications. The phenomena of RNA interference can be found in almost all Eukaryotes where it can serve many functions, for example it can control cell differentiation, participate in stress responses, direct changes in chromatin and defend the organism against viruses. A diverse set of operating modes of RNA interference can be found in plants, which we are only at the...
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Mechanoreception in plants
Martinek, Jan ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kulich, Ivan (referee)
Because of their sessile nature, plants are unable to change their location and thus they are forced to adapt as much as possible to the environment they grow in. Plants evolved the ability to sense many environmental cues, which enables them to perceive the conditions in their surroundings. One class of these stimuli are mechanical forces - from wind sways to contact with obstacles, herbivores or other plants - other mechanical stimuli are e.g. gravity or sound waves. Carnivorous or climbing plants have structures specialised for perception and rapid response to mechanical stimuli. Intriguingly, there is a less spectacular but maybe even more interesting and important response to mechanical perturbation in non-specialized plants. This thesis tries to summarize ubiquity of mechanoperception in plant kingdom and its adaptive importance for the plant life - from activation of traps, to morphological adaptation for growth at windy sites, tendril coiling in climbing plants and root navigation through obstacles in soil. In the following part, the thesis summarizes the recent knowledge of molecular processes accompanied with mechanoreception, signal transduction and integration, and response to mechanostimulation. In the last part I proppose a scheme of mechanosensing workflow from initial mechanical...
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Effectors of RAB GTPases and their role in plant secretion
Růžičková, Martina ; Hála, Michal (advisor) ; Motyka, Václav (referee) ; Klíma, Petr (referee)
Rab GTPases are small signaling molecules that play an important role in vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Correct signaling through small GTPases allows orchestration of vesicle transport among cellular organelles and also to the cell wall providing cell wall material for cell growth and elongation. Engagement of Rab GTPases in the regulation of endomembrane trafficking is one of the evolutionary conserved aspects of secretion regulation. The network of Rab GTPases interaction includes also various downstream effectors. One of them is the exocyst complex involved in vesicle docking at the plasma membrane. It is a complex composed of eight different subunits (Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, Sec10, Sec15, Exo70 and Exo84). Exocyst was discovered as Sec4p Rab GTPase effector in yeast and also data from animal models describe the Sec15 exocyst subunit as the Rab-interacting partner, but data from plants are missing. On the other hand, numerous studies identified exocyst role in tip growth of pollen tube and root hairs, seed coat formation, cell plate and cell wall formation, hypocotyl elongation, and importantly also PIN auxin efflux carriers recycling and polar auxin transport. There are two paralogues of SEC15 in the Arabidopsis genome, SEC15a and SEC15b, the previous one already shown to be...
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Knowledge of plants of grammar-school students in Ústí region
Horák, Bohuslav ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
In the theoretical part I summarized nowadays Framework educational program at schools in the Czech republic and nowadays educational methods to teaching plants. Also, the thesis describes basic characteristics of plants, methods of plant preservation and research methods that have been used during writing the thesis. The research part indicates the results of the research conducted at grammar-schools in Ústí region and indicates the level of the pupils' knowledge of plants. Furthermore, I have tried to suggest how to make the plant identification tests more intriguing and comprehensible. The thesis uses information obtained from interviews with teachers and survey research carried out among the pupils of Ústí region grammar-schools. Based on the research results I have laid out an optimal number of plant species for teaching the plant identification. Unfortunately, there is a limited number of publications, so I exploited the knowledge and experience of Biology teachers at grammar-schools, and I followed their advice when creating worksheets.
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Topical walks with preschool children oriented to environmental activities
Strašáková, Lenka ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (referee)
STRAŠÁKOVÁ, Lenka. Topical walks with preschool children oriented to environmental activities. [Diploma Dissertation]. Praha: Fakulty of Education University of Praha, 2010. 126 pp. The main goal of this diploma thesis is the global observation of the nature while going out with children at kindergarten. Current curriculum is part of this thesis because kindergarten teachers have to plan and realize all the activities in relation to the recent curriculum. New possibilities for the pedagogical activities are compared as well. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I am dealing with the main issues in relation to the chosen topic. The idea is backed up by available literature. In the practical part of my thesis, I am using questionnaires. The purpose is to find out whether the kindergarten teachers globally plan the observation of the nature in their education programs. The evaluation is included as well. The evaluation should be used to plan the activities which will be further planned and carried out. Key words: child at kindergarten, walk, animals, plants, watching and cognition of nature, program for preschool education
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Microtubule-associated proteins in plants
Benáková, Martina ; Krtková, Jana (advisor) ; Vinopal, Stanislav (referee)
1. Abstract and key words MTs are one of the basic cellular protein structure. Their features and function are influenced and modified by group of other proteins, i.e. microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In the last decades, an extensive research on MAPs and their wide range of functions has been carried out. Therefore we are aware of the involvement of some of the MAPs in MT dynamics, other have been shown to have rather structural function. They bundle MTs with various cell structures, such as the other MTs, proteins, organelles, actin cytoskeleton or plasma membrane. Many described MAPs are homologous in the whole eukaryotic domain, for example MAP65 or EB1 (END BINDING 1) family, therefore it is interesting to follow if and how the functions of plant MAPs differ from their animal counterparts. On the other hand, there are many specific MAPs with unique functions in plants, e.g. ATK5 or SPR1 (SPIRAL 1). This Bachelor thesis is a survey on current knowledge of plant MAPs and it makes an effort to present their characteristic and functions in plant cell and organism. Key words: cytoskeleton, microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins, plant cell, growth and development
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Autophagy in plant abiotic stress
Kosťová, Natálie ; Hála, Michal (advisor) ; Martinec, Jan (referee)
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism when cell gets rid of its damaged or unwanted components. These are wrapped into a double membrane and creates so-called autophagosome, which is transported to the vacuole, where its contents are degraded or recycled. Autophagy runs essentially through whole life of the plant, but if it is necessary, for example in response to stressful conditions, it is significantly intensified. It is relatively complexly regulated mechanism, which, especially in plants, still has not been completely described. Autophagy plays an important role under the influence of stress conditions. Especially, the effects of abiotic stress play an important role in plant life. Plants are immobile organisms so they must therefore develop mechanisms to enable them to survive in adverse conditions. In response to different types of stress, we can observe different roles in the involvement of autophagy, whether it is disposal of poorly folded proteins, remobilization of nutrients or antioxidant mechanism. Autophagy is also especially important for the process of stress memory and regulation.
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Phenolic acids in plants
Klížová, Lucie ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the Diploma thesis: FENOLIC ACIDS IN PLANTS Candidate: Lucie Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2020/2021, pp. 153 Phenolic acids belongs between secondary metabolites, which are part of fruits, vegetables, cereals and other plants of different families. For example, it can be plants of family Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Ericaceae, which contain significant amounts of these substances. In plants phenolic acids play an important role and they have many human health-promoting effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activity and other. Plants containing phenolic acids are preferably also used as antidiabetics, expectorants, insecticides, hypolipidemics, cardioprotective and neurological compounds, etc. The content of these compounds in plants may be different according to monitored cultivar, the place of growth, the time of harvest and many other aspects. Presence, identification and subsequent quantification of individual phenolic acids are usually done through the HPLC and MS methods and total content of these compounds is determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The diploma thesis is a literature...
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