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Threats and negative influence of the use of technologies
Wohlgemuth, Petr ; Krhutová, Milena (referee) ; Walek, Agata (advisor)
Uživatelsky orientované produkty technologického pokroku jsou všudypřítomné a mají nepopiratelný vliv na člověka i na společnost. Cílem této semestrální práce je shrnout negativní důsledky používání těchto technologií a poukázat na možné hrozby se zaměřením na kognitivní funkce lidského mozku, behaviorální závislosti, které tyto technologie přinesly a uzavřít práci nabídnutím možných řešení dílčích problémů a návrhem výzkumných metod, kterými by se dal průzkum na dané téma rozšířit.
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The interaction of information science and cognitive sciences with emphasis on information retrieval
Pilecká, Věra ; Papík, Richard (advisor) ; Sedláčková, Beáta (referee) ; Rankov, Pavel (referee)
Mgr. Věra Pilecká The interaction of information science and cognitive sciences with emphasis on information retrieval (dissertation thesis) (Vzájemné ovlivňování informační vědy a kognitivních věd s důrazem na vyhledávání informací) Abstract Focus of this thesis is on the description of the interaction of information science and cognitive sciences with emphasis on information retrieval which is influenced by some of the cognitive aspects. The introductory chapter deals with the definition of information science and paradigms inspired by a cognitive approach (cognitive and socio-cognitive paradigm). Then a cognitive science is defined including its basis, methods and application. In the third chapter, a comparison between information and cognitive science is included, and their interaction and common interests are described. Fourth chapter focuses on information retrieval and influencing factors, including search methods, user information behaviour, and user cognitive characteristics and mental models. The final chapter presents two surveys focused on the use of intuitive and analytical information retrieval styles during searching on Google, and the perception of the differences between traditional and online teaching of the effective reading techniques. Both surveys illustrate the influence of users'...
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Cognitive processes in the teaching of civic education at elementary school
Klepáčková, Kristýna ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Michaela (referee)
The diploma thesis on the topic of Cognitive processes in the teaching of civic education at elementary school deals with how the topic of cognitive processes, especially perception and memory, is realized within the framework of civic education. Its goal is to find out under what conditions and by what methods is this topic currently being taught. The part of the thesis devoted to psychological issues focuses on the historical development of psychology, the characteristics of perception and memory. An essential part of the work is the explanation of these two key psychological concepts and at the same time introducing the main psychological disciplines, applied fields and leading representatives who dealt with these basic physiological principles. The didactic part is focused on the so-called functional psychological literacy. I will focus on the inclusion of cognitive processes in the Framework Education Program and, based on the analysis of textbooks, listening to civics lessons and interviews with teachers at primary school, I will find out how and by what methods the subject of these cognitive processes is currently taught. At the end of my diploma thesis, I propose methods for teaching psychology, specifically perception and memory in elementary school, thanks to which students can better...
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Cognitive processes of blind pupils when perceiving geometrical shapes
Kochová, Klára ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
OF THE THESIS The topic of this thesis is to study the cognitive processes (especially perception, imagination and thinking) of blind pupils through experiments with geometric objects. Tools of the experiment are four tasks (two for one pupil, two for a pair of pupils) that are recorded, transcribed into written protocols and analysed. An overview of the involved cognitive functions or naming of missing cognitive functions has been complied on basis of the specialised literature as a theoretical solution of analysis. Findings of psychology of mathematics didactic were other important theoretical starting points. The ones which are devoted to the tactile perception (of geometrical objects), stages of Piaget operation developments, cognitive mechanisms in mathematics and importance of communication in mathematics or geometry teaching are involved in the theses. Analysis of the experiments involves observations of the tactile perception, imaginations, thinking, cognitive processes, speech and communication, and other occurrences essential for specific tasks.
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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Development of communication skills for people with learning disabilities
Malinská, Pavlína ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kopečný, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the possibilities of communication skills development for persons with learning disabilities. Problematics of vocabulary acquirement and the associated cognitive processes are of primary interest of the thesis. Part of the work is a proposal of several practical activities for improvement of these fields, all in agreement with the presented theoretical background. Qualitative study on a sample of 5 tenants of a nursing home was conducted. Subsequent analysis revealed that the nature, implementation and orientation of the proposed tasks is suitable for the clients. Recommendations on how to treat the encountered individuals are also presented. KEYWORDS learning disability, vocabulary analysis, vocabulary developement, cognitive processes, communication skills
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Game sense analysis in ice hockey
Mašek, Jan ; Perič, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vojta, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Game sense analysis in ice hockey Goal: Find out, what "game sense" means for group of ice hockey experts and then compare results with findings in publications. Methodology Research group Research group consisted of five ice hockey experts. The selection criteria were as follows: Variant 1 Successful completation of coaching licence "A" At least five years of coaching experience in any of these categories: Extraliga Ledního hokeje ČR, Youth national team, Czech U17 or Czech U20 teams Variant 2 Playing experience in NHL or Czech National team Successful completation of coaching licence "B" Data collection method Qualitative research, interview with experts Conclusion Finding acquired from interviews with experts can provide for further deeper analysis of the term "Game sense" than finding that can be acquired from literature. Every statement is product of years of acquired knowledge and experience, therefore I believe, that this thesis can help reader find out more information about game sense and possibilities of its development. Key words: qualitative research, cognitive processes, decision making processes
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Chemistry experiments' potential to develop vocational students' scientific literacy: An analysis of selected materials
Horníková, Marcela ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This thesis is focused on analysing chemical experiments and their potential to help increase science literacy among vocational school students. Currently, greater emphasis is placed on the development of scientific and critical thinking at higher cognitive levels and science literacy. These skills and abilities can be achieved through tuition based on experimental scientific activities. For this reason, the main goal of this thesis was to review the quantity and method of processing of individual experiments in terms of quality and compliance with the given requirements. Experiments in the field of organic chemistry were taken from available vocational school literature and were analysed and evaluated. These sources were the following textbooks: Chemie pro střední školy, Chemie pro studijní obory SOŠ a SOU nechemického zaměření and the web page Studium chemie and the video database of chemistry experiments. Each experiment was evaluated whether it met the analysed criteria of transparency, connection with practical life, problem solving and material, technical, time and economic simplicity. Furthermore, the experiments were evaluated in terms of usability during various stages of tuition with regard to the development of students through different levels of inquiry. The last and main evaluation...
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Cognitive precesses of blind pupils when perceiving geomatrical shapes
Šleglová, Klára
BSTRAKT DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE Tématem diplomové práce je zkoumání kognitivních procesů (zejména vnímání, představ a myšlení) u nevidomých žáků prostřednictvím experimentů geometrickými tělesy. Nástrojem experimentu jsou čtyři úlohy (dvě pro jednoho žáka, dvě pro dvojici žáků), které jsou zaznamenány na video, přepsány do písemných protokolů a poté analyzovány. Jako teoretické východisko analýz byl na základě odborné literatury sestaven přehled zapojených, resp. pojmenování deficitních kognitivních funkcí. Dalšími důležitými teoretickými východisky byly také poznatky práci jsou z nich obsaženy ty, které se věnují vývoji hmatového vnímání (geometrických těles), vývojovým stádiím vytváření operací dle Piageta, kognitivním mechanismům v významu komunikace ve výuce matematiky (resp. Analýza experimentů zahrnuje pozorování hmatového (taktilního) vnímání, představ, myšlení, kognitivních procesů, řeči a komunikace, popř. jiných jevů podstatných pro konkrétní úlohu. LÍČOVÁ SLOVA nevidomý žák, kognitivní procesy, (deficitní) kognitivní funkce, komunikace, geometrická tělesa, průvodní jevy těles, taktilní vnímání
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Effect of chromatic component on function of antipredatory warning signals
Truhlářová, Marie ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Pipek, Pavel (referee)
Warning coloration is used by prey to signal its unprofitability to potential predators. Warning colours may have different effects on various cognitive processes of predators (innate avoidance, avoidance learning, memory and generalization). Typical colours regarded as aposematic are red, orange and yellow. Red colour is considered to be the most effective signal and has a significant effect on avoidance learning, memory and generalization. Orange also represents an effective warning signal, though it has been studied less. Yellow is effective aposematic stimulus but it has frequently been found less effective compared to red and orange. Warning functions of white, blue, violet and ultraviolet colours were studied less frequently and their role in aposematism is not yet clear. Iridescent coloration might also be an effective warning signal affecting avoidance learning, memory and generalization. In this thesis I present a summary of information with regard to different warning colours and their effect on cognitive processes of predators. Key words: aposematism, warning coloration, cognitive processes, red, orange, yellow, iridescence, avoidance learning, innate avoidance, memory, generalization
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