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An attempt at an ontological critique of Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance
Sajvera, David ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
An attempt at an ontological critique of Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance The starting point of the paper is Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of resistance as a pre-reflective experience of separation of the Self and the outer world. This emerges in the very early (prenatal) stages of ontogenesis and forms the basis of our belief in the reality of outer world. We try to explicate Dilthey's insights more precisely by pursuing the interpretation of his conception by other authors, confronting it with a phenomenological approach and reflecting on the possibilities of ontological grounding of the term. Dilthey's analysis of resistance met with explicit responses from Martin Heidegger and Max Scheler, and became one of the main topics of a debate between them, triggered by Scheler's response to Being and Time. Heidegger rejects Dilthey's concept of resistance, claiming that resistance is characteristic of an ontic entity, but it never characterizes the world in the ontological sense. Resistance always presupposes the disclosure of the world, and also disclosed is that which our will or instinct aim for. A key role here is played by the existential structure of Sorge. Scheler revises Dilthey's original concept and purifies it from some untenable ontic characteristics (e.g. resistance as a content...
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Metafictional novels of the 30s and 40s in the Czech literature
SELNER, Ondřej
This doctoral thesis focuses on literary texts containing speech acts that are in literary history and theory usually known as self-reflexive. In the first part author attempts to find inspirations for self-reflexivity in a broader historical and cultural European context as well as its potential connections to modernism. Then it tries to find relations between these modernist tendencies and Czech literary production of the day. It also deals with different views of self-reflexivity in the Czech literary theory. After dealing with these perspectives and after analysis of their potential drawbacks, thesis then moves to an attempt to find a precise meaning of self-reflexivity with respect to the term itself. On that account it analyses reflexive philosophy of major philosophers of the 1st half of the 20th century - Edmund Husserl, Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The analysis of relevant works of these philosophers dealing with reflexivity leads to the formulation of a thought-map that embodies evident parallels between self-reflexivity in literature and reflexivity in philosophy. In order to verify these parallels, thesis then focuses on interpretation of major texts of Czech literature that are usually considered to be prototypes of self-reflexive novels. These are works Hra doopravdy by Richard Weiner, Rozhraní by Václav Řezáč and Hlava umělce by Milada Součková.
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Jaroslav Vogel (1894-1970) - artistic profile
Černíková, Lenka
The framework consists of comprehensive dissertation intepretation and sources concerning the conductor, composer, journalist, and organizer of musical life Jaroslav Vogel (1894- 1970). Along with a comprehensive description of the artistic profile, synthesis, and attempt of a critical evaluation, the chapters are structured thematically in this work, with regard to the time sequence. The principal sources were archives and daily newspapers, in which the obtained information was verified and developed. The introductory chapter is devoted to family, education, and the first professional experience indicates the relation between his studies and the genesis of Vogel's future professional direction. The central article is part of the work of the artistically important period in the opera ensemble of the Národní divadlo moravskoslezské (National Moravian-Silesian Theatre) in Moravská Ostrava between the world wars, when its implementation and opera concerts of symphonic music reached a high artistic level, with extraordinary social and educational outreach. The view of dramaturgy and quality opera productions and concerts provide the opportunity to evaluate the significance of his organizational skills and influence on the development of Ostrava music culture. For the first time ever, this paper...
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Truth and theatre
Mrázek, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis Truth and Theatre is the study of the truth by connecting the concepts of the phenomenologist Jan Patočka and the theatre director and researcher Jerzy Grotowski. The objective of this thesis is to capture the factual connection between these two concepts. This work reveals how the topic of the truth tied with the ancient abstract meaning of aletheia - "unconcealedness" is being manifested in the theatre, how it is related to the themes of myth, ritual, situation, corporality, education and why is this understanding of truth inseparable from the action, self-awareness and the moral. The aim of this work is also to map the philosophical basis for the master's thesis, which will be created at the Department of Drama in Education on DAMU. KEYWORDS Jan Patočka, Jerzy Grotowski, Martin Heidegger, truth, aletheia, phenomenology, theatre, performer, action, knowledge, myth, dramatic education, care for the soul, paratheatre
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Philosophy of Education and Hermeneutics of Chorismos
Zicha, Zbyněk ; Semrádová, Ilona (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Stark, Stanislav (referee)
Doctoral dissertations: Philosophy of Education and Hermeneutics of the Chorismos Author: Zbyněk Zicha ABSTRACT: The dissertation addresses two areas of philosophical thinking, philosophy of education and an area of thinking of chorismos. The task of this dissertation is to indicate the possibility of rethinking their mutual concurrence. The work explores the philosophy of education as idiosyncratic ground of thought capable of receiving inspiration coming from thinking of chorismos. The author was inspired by interpretations of chorismos written with regard to Jan Patocka's thinking. The dissertation starts with an opening (the first chapter.) and with an introduction to problems (2nd ch.). The next chapter focuses on searching for the the meaning, essence and basic opportunities of philosophy of education (3rd ch.) that is followed by preliminary inquiry of hermeneutics of chorismos in relation to the philosophy of education (4th). There is a key section reflecting on the importance of hermeneutics of chorismos for philosophy of education (4.4) in the 4th chapter. Hermeneutics of chorismos is not perceived not only as an interpretation of chorismos, but foremostly as a philosophical inquiry of essential problems of philosophy and philosophy of education thought with regard to problem of chorismos. The...
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Phenomenology and daseinsanalysis
Zemánková, Markéta ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Phenomenology has been established by Edmund Husserl, who refused the adoption of methods from naturally oriented sciences to philosophy, which, being the highest of all sciences, paradoxically seemed absolutely unscientific to Husserl. Edmund Husserl served as an inspiration for his most famous disciple, Martin Heidegger, who developed fundamental ontology, and thus provided a brand new and essential view of man and human existence in general. His concept of man gave rise to a psychotherapeutic approach - daseinsanalysis, which has been created mainly by Medard Boss, with contribution from Martin Heidegger himself.
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The Literary Reception of Max Picard's Works
Svárovská, Nicol ; Činátlová, Blanka (advisor) ; Vojvodík, Josef (referee)
The thesis treats the subject of how the work of Max Picard, Rainer Maria Rilke and Jan Zahradníček relate. Its unifying element is the motif of salvation, its negative and positive aspect. Picard, Rilke, and Zahradníček perceive the world overfilled with technology and become witnesses of dehumanisation of humans and the related destruction of speech. Their work mirrors this decomposition, but it alongside offers a positive counter movement, an alternative to the age of dominion of technology. A comparative analysis of the specific understanding of the two aspects of salvation also casts light on the reception of Max Picard in their work. The first part deals with the analysis of Heidegger's essence (Wesen) of modern technology (Gestell) and the possibility of alternative revealing (poiésis). It renders the transformation of a human beings and their relationship to things, a transformation diagnosed by Picard, Rilke, and Zahradníček in their work. It thus proposes a context for the observed motif of salvation. The introduction of the first part accounts for a treatise on the loss of a thing which is linked to the penetration of technology and on salvation consisting in paying heed to the inconspicuous state of affairs. The second part opens with the reception of Picard's book Hilter in Our Selves...
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