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Positive affectivity as an important part of well-being
Miňová, Noemi ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis is in its theoretical part dealing with religious and philosophical concerns in relation to positive affectivity and subjective well-being. It offers a review of contemporary theories on this topic. In the practical part, it tests the relations of the constructs which have an infuence on personal well-being: positive affectivity, satisfation with life and life engagement. Positive affectivity is assessed with the life orientation test (LOT-R: Life Orientation Test-Revisited, Scheier, Carver, Bridges, 1994), personal well-being with the satisfaction-with-life scale (SWLS: Satisfaction With Life Scale, Pavot et al., 1991) and meaningful life engagement with the life engagement test (LET: Life Engagement Test- Assesing Purpose in Life, Scheier et al. 2006). The test sample consisted of 301 respondents of the common population. Their average age was 38 years, the national contents were 188 people of the Czech citizenship and 113 people of the Slovak citizenship. No correlation was found between positive affectivity and gender, age, education nor nationality. Further there was no correlation between satisfaction with life and citizenship, gender and age. The same applies to life engagement and citizenship and age. On the contrary, the results show that there is a diference in the...
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Aggression and depression of sentenced drug abusers
Dvořák, Luděk ; Urbanová, Miluše (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The postgraduate thesis is looking into possible links between depression or depressiveness and aggression or aggressiveness in relation to the psychosocial atmosphere of prison focusing on sentenced drug users. Our study is also verifying the assumption, that aggression might be typical coping mechanism of men to control the depression. The theoretical part is looking for potential links between terms depression and aggression based on technical knowledge in the literature studied; also pointing at gender conditioned ways of controlling a depression as well as connection between depression or aggression occurrence of sentenced and drug addicted sentenced individuals. The empirical part of the study is based on findings, included in the thesis as a prestudy I and gained through psychosocial atmosphere of specialized detachment of Příbram's prison in 2006 (Dvořák, 2006). By using the same technique as in pre-study I (SPK form) work verifies, if current level of psychosocial atmosphere in specialized detachment corresponds to the pre-study I situation. SPK form scale of aggression is here used as the comparative parameter. The postgraduate thesis is subsequently verifying the assumption of Rutz and his coauthors (1999), that aggression might be form of a depression control. Through CAE projective technique is...
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The concept of life events and their influence on health of individual:international comparison
Šonová, Barbora ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Resumé The first part of the thesis is focused on the theoretical presentation of the life events concept and their influence on the health of man. After introductory definition of the focal idea of the thesis and brief description of the historical development of the life events research the author proceeds to the list of psychic and somatic illnesses that are most frequently connected with the occurence of life changes. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with the factors on both an individual's and living environment side that may modify the perception of life events and their impact on the human health to a great extent. Furthermore the mechanisms of the influence of stress situations cannot be omitted. In a separate chapter the author deals with intercultural connection in the life events' concept. The thesis also pays attention to key methodological aspects of the research in the field of observation and in the end it covers other related themes that deserve to be noticed but could not be included in the theoretical part because of its limited scope. Last chapter briefly presents critical comments on discussed topic. In the empirical part of the thesis the author presents her own research that have been done at the sample of 258 Finnish and 257 Czech students. Using the set of...
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Feasibility of Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Therapy of Cognition Deficit in Czech Schizophrenia Patients - Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation
Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
There is a body of scientific literature describing cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and the possibility of its remediation. However, in the Czech Republic, there have been so far just few studies that examined the topic. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of non-pharmacological intervention in the form of computer-assisted cognitive remediation of Czech schizophrenia patients with diagnosed cognitive deficit. Our results confirmed the positive short-term effect of targeted remediation of selective domains of cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that 5 working memory function is the domain most sensitive to the structured intervention. These results are consistent not only with findings from other published studies that used similar computer method for remediation, but also with other studies that used different approaches. In addition, working memory function improved in the generalized form (visual intervention improved auditive function). Key words: Schizophrenia, cognition, deficit, remediation, computer
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Prediction criteria for re-offending in patients with constitutional ordered protective sexological treatment
Měchýřová, Petra ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The study deals with the predictive criteria of relapse of sexually deviant patients and builds on the previous older studies that have attempted to map out what are the significant predictors of relapsing by sexual deviants after successful completion of inpatient care. The aim was to verify whether reported predictors are really important for relapsing paraphiliaks. Given factors were age at onset of patients in inpatient care, employment, housing, education, family background and relationships in the family, relationships, sexual and nonsexual offenses (last sexology treatment), failure to complete treatment (running away from protective sexology treatment), sexology diagnosis and psychiatric diagnosis. The results of the work have been compared both with older Czech researches that have been conducted on this topic at the end of the 80ies, but also with foreign research. These works on recidivism of sexual offenders are presented in the theoretical part of this study, together with the definition of the concept of deviance and treatment options in the Czech Republic and abroad. Katamnestic research was conducted on patients who have successfully completed the institutional protective sexology treatment at the Psychiatric Hospital Prague Bohnice (since the inception of sexology department in...
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Intimacy as one of the basic signs of close relationships
Haubertová, Daniela ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Close relationships fulfil the need of an individual to start and keep close relationships with other people. These are main basic needs of a human being. Partnership, family and friendship are all considered to be close relationships. We can find common elements among them but also there are specific differences. Intimacy is by all means one of the main components of close relationships and this work is focused on it. We mention knowledge which can be found in literature, emphasis is put on foreign sources. This work shows results of prototypical study of the term intimacy, which reveals layman structure of this term and offers, apart from traditional definitions, a different view of the subject, especially the contrasts which are typical for close relationships in partnerships, family relationships and friendships. Key words: Close relationships, intimacy, prototypical approach, prototypic scale
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Operators on the emergency line 155. Reviewing operators control over calls (with callers) by means of transactional analysis
Čepická, Blanka ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Hartl, Pavel (referee) ; Honzák, Radkin (referee)
The work focuses on reviewing phone calls to the 155 emergency line of the Emergency Medical Service, by means of transactional analysis. The review concentrated on how the operators controlled the phone calls. We studied their ways of dealing with the requests that were the subject matter of the emergency line calls. Transactional analysis has proved to be a good instrument to analyze procedures the operators had chosen to conduct the calls. The outcomes helped describe characteristics of both constructively and unconstructively conducted calls. The results can provide good basis for complementing the currently purely medical training of the emergency line operators, to include the dimension of psychological variables, which may affect the course of calls.
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Possibilites and limitations of Rorschach's diagnostics in population of pathological sexual aggressors
Androvičová, Renáta ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis addresses the possibilities and limitations of Rorschach Inkblot Method in the psychological assessment of preferential rapists. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the general characteristics of paraphilias, introduces the contemporary theories on sexual aggression and rape, and presents selected studies related to the use of RorschachInkblot Method (using Exner's Comprehensive System) in the research of paraphilias. The empirical part focuses on my research project. I have theoretically deduced variables and composites and subsequently compared them with the normative values the CS reference populations. I have also analysed the number of criterions of the Banality Profile (of psychopathy), which were fulfilled by the sample of the sexual offenders. Then I have analysed the sequence of the clusters according to the most prominent key variable among the subjects that were the most clinically disturbed. I have found statistically significant differences between the rapists and the normative population in several variables. The most prominent ones were associated with the interpersonal perception, and mediation. I have also showed that the psychopathy profile (Banality Profile) is only partially suitable for characterization of preferential rapists. Through the analysis of the...
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Is there a relation between arts and quality of life?
Krutská, Simona ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
This work discusses the potential of art to influence quality of life. The theoretical part introduces general aesthetic-psychological principles, thanks to which art work can appeal to us, having the goal of expressing what is typical and essential for art as a whole, and introduce art work as a place of meeting and a challenge for personal growth with the goal to distinguish it, through this characteristic, from other ways of spending free time. Furthermore, the theoretical part briefly introduces the development of the concept of quality of life including the definition of its overlapping to the philosophical anchoring in the conception of humanistic, phenomenological and positive psychology, and it presents research, which, at least indirectly, deals with the topic of art and quality of life. The actual research part compares the subjectively perceived quality of life of people interested in art (conservatory students, n = 73) with a comparative group (high school students, n = 66), with a focus on the present situation as well as future expectations. The research results show that the conservatory students attain higher values attesting higher perceived quality of life. However, in order to deduce the chain of causation it is necessary to conduct further research in this area.
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Alternative use of Szondi test
Vaňková, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis analyzes the Szondi's test and its theory in the light of current knowledge. Its aim is to examine the potential of this diagnostic method and to consider the possibilities of its application. On the basis of the free-association research, the direction of interest has divided into two studies. The first of them verifies the relationship of Szondi's theory with personal characteristics that are attributed to individual photos (stimulus material) on the scale of the semantic differential. In most cases, the results confirm significant differences between the factors. In the second study, the narrative approach is selected, it means "telling stories" method will be used for discover the projective potential. Qualitative analysis indicates that stories have some similarities- in the context of given factors, however, in most cases, they do not follow Szondi's assumptions. In order to confirm the potential of the possibility to know the proband's personality or life, the data obtained has not proved sufficient. The data does suggest, however, that after further research, the benefit of its application could be confirmed. KEY WORDS: Szondi test, projection, semantic differential, stories analysis
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