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Problems of Early Career Teachers with the Use of Activating Methods in Biology Teaching
Ročková, Lucie ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
Activating methods are of a great importance in teaching, among other things, in the development of students' independence, their thinking and the formation of social relationships. Strengthening the student's role and emphasizing his/her active work requires a specific approach of teachers, as well as their increased preparation for teaching. Especially beginning teachers have to deal with a number of difficulties when starting their teaching career. However, it has not yet been clearly described how they cope with the use of activating methods. The main goal of this work was to map the problems of beginning teachers using activating methods in natural science at the start of their careers. One of the sub-questions was to find out what would help teachers at the beginning of their teaching practice to include activating methods in teaching with greater certainty and frequency. To answer the research questions, a survey of six beginning primary school natural science teachers was conducted in October and November 2021. Classes were listened to and followed by interviews with individual teachers. The interviews sought opinions on activating methods, on the frequency of their inclusion in teaching and the related problems that teachers face when using these methods. The most frequently mentioned...
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Lower-secondary School Chemistry Textbooks: The Use and Selected Structural components' Analysis
Vojíř, Karel ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Klečková, Marta (referee) ; Kmeťová, Jarmila (referee)
Textbooks are a tool which serves several purposes in education. Except for students, textbooks are also being used by teachers who, thanks to a complex selection and transformation of the subject-matter, represent the most concrete shape of intended curriculum. For this reason, textbooks can influence education significantly. However, this field has not been addressed yet within lower-secondary school chemistry education research. The goal of this thesis was therefore to map the field of Czech lower-secondary school chemistry textbooks. In order to put the topic into a context, first, a systematic literature review on science education textbook research was performed. Also, textbooks' publishing after 1989 in the context of national lower-secondary school curricular changes was mapped. Textbooks' potential influence is conditioned by their elaboration as well as their use. For this reason, a questionnaire survey was performed on a random sample of 378 chemistry teachers from 370 lower-secondary schools. This sample enables generalization for the entire lower-secondary schools and chemistry teachers' population in Czechia. The research showed: which textbooks are being used, the way they were selected at schools, teachers' evaluation, and purpose of their use with a special attention to particular...
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Development of Students' Skills in Planning Procedure of Exploration in Science Inquiry
Příhodová, Karolína ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Brůnová, Linda (referee)
Research-oriented teaching is a constructivist form of teaching, where the student is not only passed on the material passively, but the student is actively involved in solving the problem. In the role of researcher, he makes hypotheses, conducts experiments and draws conclusions. The main goal of this work was to find out the development of students' skills to plan the research process in science research at the 2nd Dobříš Primary School. The work was divided into three parts. In the introduction to the theoretical part, the aim was to introduce readers to research- oriented teaching in biology lessons at the second level and the characteristics of concepts. The practical part was focused mainly on observing and evaluating the development of the ability to plan progress on already created topics for BOV. It was found that more than half of the students are able to formulate the procedure correctly for a given task and the rest are able to create a partial procedure or none at all. It would therefore be appropriate to focus on deepening knowledge and practical skills in research- oriented teaching. KEYWORDS Research-oriented teaching, research, process development, biology
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Using of Material Didactic Aids in Teaching of Biology on Selected Lower-secondary Schools in Liberec
Beňová, Pavla ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis focuses on the use of material didactic resources in teaching science at selected schools in Liberec. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is a literature survey, which characterizes didactic means in general on the basis of scientific literature. The aim of the thesis was to look more thoroughly at didactic aids, which are the main part of material didactic resources. Furthermore, to focus on the function of the resources in the classroom and to present the options and principles that should be followed when selecting them in order to make their use as effective as possible. The second, practical part, presents the results of observations from a total of 29 lessons which were taught as open lessons, in 3 primary schools in Liberec. The analysis of the collected data provided us with information on how much of the lesson the observed teachers devote to the use of material didactic resources. On the basis of the time load, we got an overview of the preferred resources and could evaluate whether they are traditional (workbook, classical blackboard, textbooks) or modern (Internet services, interactive whiteboards).
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Analysis of visual representations included in the Organic compound topics in lower-secondary chemistry textbooks
Chlumecká, Lenka ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
The submitted bachelor's thesis focuses on the analysis of visual components in the themes subsumed under the thematic area of Organic compounds in lower-secondary-school chemistry textbooks granted with a valid approval clause from The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. In the first part, the author deals with the theory, validation, evolvement and research of the textbooks. In the other parts, the author achieves the results through set out objectives and methods and offers a final evaluation. The conducted analysis is based on an altered method of Slovenian author N. Zupanc and provides an objective comparison of different textbooks and their selected chapters. The aim of this thesis is comparison of chosen chemistry textbooks from the point of their visuals and transitions between levels representing individual components. The textbooks, which were published after the introduction of the current curriculum, are considered to be processed didactically better - those are the two textbooks published by Nová Škola and Fraus. The differences between these two textbooks are rather on the level of chapters, subchapters and transitions between the visuals more than between the textbooks as a whole. The disparity between the textbooks as a whole is clear when comparing the...
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Student's Inquiry Skills at Lower Secondary School
Nejedlý, Adam ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Brůnová, Linda (referee)
Scientific thinking is an essential skill for full application in society associated with responsible human decision-making. The development of research skills and knowledge also contributes to its complexity. For the possibility of their systematic development, it is necessary to map the current situation of students in primary schools. The aim of the work was to find out what are the research skills of these students in the field of correctly formulating a research question based on specific problem and after finding a solution to formulate an answer to a given research question. Four research-oriented tasks were used, which were solved by 58 students from the seventh grade of primary school. It was found that more than half of the students are not able to formulate the research question correctly and more than one third of the students are unable to formulate the answer to the given research question correctly.
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Chemistry experiments' potential to develop vocational students' scientific literacy: An analysis of selected materials
Horníková, Marcela ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This thesis is focused on analysing chemical experiments and their potential to help increase science literacy among vocational school students. Currently, greater emphasis is placed on the development of scientific and critical thinking at higher cognitive levels and science literacy. These skills and abilities can be achieved through tuition based on experimental scientific activities. For this reason, the main goal of this thesis was to review the quantity and method of processing of individual experiments in terms of quality and compliance with the given requirements. Experiments in the field of organic chemistry were taken from available vocational school literature and were analysed and evaluated. These sources were the following textbooks: Chemie pro střední školy, Chemie pro studijní obory SOŠ a SOU nechemického zaměření and the web page Studium chemie and the video database of chemistry experiments. Each experiment was evaluated whether it met the analysed criteria of transparency, connection with practical life, problem solving and material, technical, time and economic simplicity. Furthermore, the experiments were evaluated in terms of usability during various stages of tuition with regard to the development of students through different levels of inquiry. The last and main evaluation...
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Activating methods in education of topic carbohydrates
Kyzlíková, Iva ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
Activation methods in teaching are nowadays often discussed complementary teaching to classical teaching. Within these methods, emphasis is placed on activating the student, ie on encouraging his interest in the implementation of the activity, but at the same time there is an advantageous opportunity for teachers to influence and specify specific goals to meet the requirements of FEP and SEP. One of the aims of the work was to map the issue of activation methods with a focus on project teaching and research-oriented teaching and to compile a selection of topics for activities that use activation methods with a focus on the topic of carbohydrates in the form of research. Another goal of this work was to design a teaching activity using activation methods on the topic of carbohydrates (a topic in organic chemistry, which is relatively more demanding for students, but no less important) and to verify this activity in a pilot. The design of the activation method with aspects of the project teaching "Getting acquainted with carbohydrates" was actually verified in the 9th grade of Vilémov Elementary School in 2021, within the subject Chemistry. Pupils worked on the activity in groups and the result was five solutions of the activity (projects), of which there were four presentations and one poster....
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