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Using Artificial Neural Networks to Study Non-Linear Properties of Single Neurons in the Auditory Cortex
Hromádka, Tomáš ; Kůrková, Věra (advisor) ; Maršálek, Petr (referee)
Neurony v naších mozcích převádějí informace o okolním světě do elektrických akčních potenciálů. Klíčem k pochopení funkce neuronů, a poté neuronových sítí a mozku, je vědět, které části okolního světa jsou zastoupeny v aktivitě neuronů, a jakým způsobem je tato informace kódována. Tradiční metodou zkoumání funkce neuronu je zaznamenání odpovědi neuronu na podněty různé složitosti a následně snaha vysvětlit přenosovou funkci neuronu pomocí lineárního modelu. Většina neuronů však obsahuje nelineární přenosovou funkci. V této práci jsme použili umělé neuronové sítě ke studiu nelineárních přenosových funkcí neuronů sluchové kůry. Zaznamenali jsme podprahovou aktivitu neuronů jako odpověď na stimulaci přirozenými zvuky a poté jsme použili neuronové sítě v roli nelineárních aproximátorů k odhadu přenosových funkcí neuronů. Umělé neuronové sítě úspěšně aproximovali přenosové funkce a v průměru odhadli funkce neuronů nejméně stejně dobře jako lineární modely. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Vliv reaktivátorů acetylcholinesterázy na cholinesterázy a cholinoreceptory
Brátová, Lucie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University in Prague Phaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology Candidate: Lucie Brátová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of acetylcholinesterases reactivators on the cholinesterases and cholinoreceptors This thesis is concerned with the effects of oximes on the muscarinic receptors. In the first half of the theoretical part there is a description of the autonomic nervous system, main receptors and action of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The second part summarizes important nerve gases, organophosphate poisoning and its treatment and finally introduces oximes and their mechanisms of action. The practical part shows the metodology of experiments on the atria tissues in the rat. Both in vitro and in vivo procedures demonstrated effect of oximes on the M2 receptors and their antimuscarinic properties. The in vivo studies were focused on the two contradictory effects - the inhibition of AChE and the inhibition of muscarinic receptors by the very same compound.
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Feasibility of Non-Pharmacological Intervention in Therapy of Cognition Deficit in Czech Schizophrenia Patients - Computer-assisted Cognitive Remediation
Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
There is a body of scientific literature describing cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and the possibility of its remediation. However, in the Czech Republic, there have been so far just few studies that examined the topic. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of non-pharmacological intervention in the form of computer-assisted cognitive remediation of Czech schizophrenia patients with diagnosed cognitive deficit. Our results confirmed the positive short-term effect of targeted remediation of selective domains of cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggested that 5 working memory function is the domain most sensitive to the structured intervention. These results are consistent not only with findings from other published studies that used similar computer method for remediation, but also with other studies that used different approaches. In addition, working memory function improved in the generalized form (visual intervention improved auditive function). Key words: Schizophrenia, cognition, deficit, remediation, computer
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Introduction to Music kinesiology
Smitková, Lucie ; Krajný, Boris (advisor) ; Klánský, Ivan (referee)
Music kinesiology makes use of the same methods as Applied kinesiology which links knowledge of traditional Chinese principles with Western medicine and psychotheraphy. Kinesiology is a study of movement, it is a system of diagnosis based on the theory that most of the muscles in the body have a common link with the nerve pathways which control organs, glands, bones and blood circulation. Weakness of a muscle can signify a problem in other part of the body. Using muscle testing the kinesiology facilitator can identify a primary dysfunction and feedback directly from the body indicates what is required to correct to improve the stressfull situation.
Music kinesiology occupies with energy flows in the body, tries to release energy blockages and tone energy flow. In addition to muscle test takes advantage of integration of cerebral parts, time regression likewise colours, symbols and motion exercise.
It has been intended for professional musicians as well as for amateurs, music students and teachers. It offers help with solving typical problems, designates the underlying causes of bockages and reduce tension at performance. It also offers new ways of daily practice, music expression and seeks unison of body, soul and spirit. This work renders the meaning of areas necessary for understanding its topic - meridians, cerebration, etc. It includes topics as creativity, artistic motivation, musical beat, relation between colour and sound. Besides it brings a different view to intervals, keys, stage fright, phases of performance, relation between audition and music and acceptation of criticism. On the top of this there are some music-kinesiology exercises.
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Characterization of Antirecombinase Activity of Human FBH1 Helicase
Šimandlová, Jitka ; Janščák, Pavel (advisor) ; Cséfalvay, Eva (referee)
Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential mechanism for accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, HR must be tightly controlled because excessive or unwanted HR events can lead to genome instability, which is a prerequisite for premature aging and cancer development. A critical step of HR is the loading of RAD51 molecules onto single-stranded DNA regions generated in the vicinity of the DSB, leading to the formation of a nucleoprotein filament. Several DNA helicases have been involved in the regulation of the HR process. One of these is human FBH1 (F-box DNA helicase 1) that is a member of SF1 superfamily of helicases. As a unique DNA helicase, FBH1 additionally possesses a conserved F-box motif that allows it to assemble into an SCF complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation. FBH1 has been implicated in the restriction of nucleoprotein filament stability. However, the exact mechanism of how FBH1 controls the RAD51 action is still not certain. In this work, we revealed that FBH1 actively disassembles RAD51 nucleoprotein filament. We also show that FBH1 interacts with RAD51 and RPA physically in vitro. Based on these data, we propose a potential mechanism of FBH1 antirecombinase function.
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The new function utilization of Autodesk Inventor for electrical machines modeling
Benetka, Martin ; Janda, Marcel (referee) ; Hájek, Vítězslav (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis is focused on the use of Autodesk® Inventor® 2012 for the modelling of electrical machines, the triggers which are used to start engines specifically in my work. The theoretical part consists of types of triggers, their operating principles, construction, advantages and disadvantages of their using. A reach trigger with pull-armature servis animation was created using Autodesk® Inventor® 2012 as a demonstrative model of fuction of this trigger in the practical part of this thesis.
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Neurogenic pulmonary edema in rats with spinal cord injury
Šedý, Jiří ; Syková, Eva (advisor) ; Herget, Jan (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
N urogenic puhnonary edema (NPE) is an acu te life-threatening complication of the c ntral nervous system (CNS) injury. Anesthetics can either promote or inhibit the NPE development. We examined the role of different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia (1.5 - 3%) on the developmen t of NPE in rats with balloon compressed spinal cord. The development of NPE was examined in vivo and on histological sections of lung tissue. Neurological recovery in animals anesthetized with 1.5% or 3% isoflurane was monitored using BBB and pian tar tests for 7 weeks post-injury. The grade of the spinal gray and white matter sparing was evaluated using morphornetry. The r le of gradually developed spinal cord lesíon and spínal cord transection in the developmen t of NPE were evaluated also. NPE developed in all animals anesthetized with 1.5-2% isofluran . Almost 42% of animals died due to massive pulmonary bleeding and suffocation; X-ray imaging, pulmonary index and histological sections showed massive NPE. More than 71 % of animals anesthetized with 2.5-3% i oflu rane had no signs of NPE. Blood pressure rose more rapidly in animals from 1.5% group than in 3% group; this hypertensive reaction was caused by the sympathetic hyperactivi ty. Animals from 3% group recovered their motor and sensory func tions more rapidly than...
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Regulation of autonomic activation and inhibition in the urinary bladder
Jeřábek, Pavel ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
The regulation of the urinary bladder function involves interplay of many signaling systems. Any disturbance within these principles always result in bladder dysfunction, manifested by urge to void and in many cases leading to incontinence. The main objective of this thesis was to characterize interactions between muscarinic, purinergic and adrenergic receptor systems in in vitro study. The experiments were performed on rats (300-350g; Sprague-Dawley strain), that after killed with an overdose of pentobarbital, were removed a smooth muscle tissue sample (6x2 mm) and put through contraction studies in organ bath with the presence of muscarinic agonist (carbachol - reference concentration 10-5 M) and following agonists (ATP, 2-chloro-adenosine) and antagonists (pirenzepine, methoctramine, 4-DAMP, 8-sulfophenyltheophylline) in different, ANS active, concentrations. The volume of the substances, added to the bath, was always 100 μl. The results revealed a high potential of antimuscarinic 4-DAMP on carbachol evoked contractions inhibition. This effect was 2000x higher compared with methoctramine and 600x higher than pirenzepine. However, it was clarified that this muscarinic receptor blockade must be necessarily connected with adrenergic and purinergic ANS receptors overactivity. Key words: muscarinic...
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Effect of intravenously applicated lactoferine on early faze; of myocardial ischemia II. Biochemical examinations
Písaříková, Veronika ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80-kDa iron-binding glykoprotein. Lf is present physiologically in exocrine secretions, eg. tears, saliva, milk, sinovial fluid, seminal fluid and in the secondary granules of neutophils. The precise function of Lf in organism is considered to be very complex and it is still a hot subject of scientific disputation. Lf was documented to act as antimicrobial, antiinflamatory and antitumoral agent. Another of its properties is ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical formation via Fenton reaction. Afinity of Lf to iron is about 260times higher than that of transferrin. Isoproterenol (ISO) has been used as a model compound to induce infarct-like lesions in the rat and various other animal species. Administration of necrotic dose of ISO caused ischaemia followed by damage of the myocardium. Ischaemia alters iron homeostasis and redox-active free iron, which catalyses ROS-generation. The only possibility for myocardial tissue recovery in acute moycardial infarction represents the reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. But the whole process is associated with damage of myocardium due to burst of hydroxyl radical catalyzed by free iron (Fenton reaction). In our experiment we studied the effects of Lf in a catecholamine model of myocardial injury. We had four experimental groups divided according to...
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A neuroprotective effect of the 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate in the animal model of ischemic brain injury
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The neuroactive steroid 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate (3α5βP-Glu) is the synthetic analogue of a naturally-occurring 3α5β-pregnanolon sulfate. Both agents inhibit preferentially tonically activated NMDA receptors by a use-dependent mechanism. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu could reduce the excitotoxic injury of the brain during ischemic conditions, in which plays role the excessive activation of NMDA receptors. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of systemic aplication of 3α5βP-Glu on an oxygen saturation and a regional cerebral blood flow in the brain of laboratory rat. Subsequently to establish and critically evaluate the animal model of a global ischemic brain injury. Finally to test the neuroprotective potential of 3α5βP-Glu on cognitive funtions in this model. The oxygen saturation and regional cerebral blood flow were measured in the area of dorsal hippocampus. Both observed parametres were significantly increased after the application of3α5βP-Glu. These findings confirm the assumption that 3α5βP-Glu has a neuroprotective effect. The bilateral occlusions of arteriae carotis communis following placement of the rat into a hypoxic box has been utilized as a model of global ischemic brain injury. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu increased significantly the rats survival. However,...
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