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Students' creativity in designing own simple experiments in biology lessons
MARTINCOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the diploma thesis, was to design the inquiry biology task, in which pupils could develop their imagination and creativity, and design their own experiment. For this purpose, a task has been proposed to verify the water needs of a plant, and the ways in which it goes trough the body of the plant. Required data were obtained using a didactic test focused on the single steps characteristic for inquiry based tasks. Another aim was to create a coding tool, used to identify differences between solution of individual pupils. Therefore a simple coding tool has been devised to identify and assess the level of creativity. The research took place at a primary school in České Budějovice. Pupils from three classes of the seventh grade were included in the survey, and a total of 53 pupils participated. The results showed that the overall success of pupils in didactic test was 47,37 %, and from the perspective of creativity itself an avarage value of 37,37 % was found. In terms of creativity pupils in this research had the highest success in the originality of designing the experiment without knowledge of tools, as well as in the elaboration of the experimental design with knowledge of tools. Pupils also achieved a relatively good results in elaboration of drawing the experiment without the knowledge of tools. On the other hand a very low success rate of pupils was found in the ability to propose further solutions to the problem, both in terms of originality and elaboration. The reason for these results could be the difficulty of completing a didactic test in which a guided type of inquiry was used, with which some pupils may not have had much experience. It was comfirmed by interviews with teachers that they involve the elements of inquiry and creative teaching rather irregularly.
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Solving of problems dealing with volume and surface in the three-dimensional space by 15-16-year old pupils (9th grade)
Dlouhá, Michaela ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the solution to exercises of volume and surface of 3D solids. The aim of the thesis is to make own didactic test and to analyse the methods of solution to math exercises in the 9th grade students of ZŠ Amálská. Also to compare the results of the tests in math and science orientated class to "normal1 " class and to find out the success rate of solutions in both classes. I focused only on pyramid and cone, because they are part of curriculum in 9th grade of basic schools after students are admitted to high schools, and after examination of educational programme of chosen school I realised that both classes had the same outputs of given schoolwork. I divided my thesis into two parts - theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part contains five chapters. In the first chapter I focus on didactic tests and their making. In the next chapter I deal with evaluation in general and school evaluation. In the third part there is the term of word exercise defined. In the fourth chapter there are solutions to the word exercises. And in the last chapter I define the term geometrical solid. In the practical part there are the aims and methods of survey, characteristic of research sample, making of didactic test, content of didactic test and analysis of students' solutions...
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Financial literacy in mathematics
Lundáková, Naďa ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
Title: Financial Literacy in Mathematics Abstract Bachelor thesis Financial Literacy in Mathematics deals with the computational aspects of the financial literacy of grammar school pupils. The first part focuses on the general concepts of financial literacy and financial mathematics and their mutual relationship. The second part is devoted to compiling the examples and exercises that can be used to enhance the level of financial literacy of junior secondary school pupils. Examples and exercises listed here respect the current mathematical knowledge of students of the elementary grades. Most of them are devoted to work with the money. Key words Financial Literacy, Financial Math, Examples, Exercises, Grammar School, Money.
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Research on Strategies Students Use when Solving Problem Tasks
Koreneková, Kateřina ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the identification of strategies, which are used by lower-secondary school students when solving problem tasks in chemistry. The strategies were identified during talks with ninth-grade students. The talks conducted by using the Think-aloud method were connected with solution of selected problem tasks. The ascertained strategies were classified as expansive strategies (such strategy can be used to solve more types of problems) and limiting strategies (such strategy can be used to solve easy task, but they can fail when solving more difficult tasks). Furthermore, reader's strategies, which help students to understand the tasks were separately identified. Also, other problems that students had to face when solving the tasks were identified. To identify problematic elements a collection of problem tasks named Metodické komentáře a úlohy ke standardům pro základní vzdělávání - chemie (Methodical comments and tasks for educational standards for elementary education - chemistry) were used. The results showed that when students solved the tasks, which were larger and more difficult, they often used reading strategies, which consist in multiple reading and reading aloud. Some of the expansive strategies the students used consisted in analogous deducing and logical reasoning....
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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The use of lateral thinking for solving company problems
Jaroš, Aleš ; Mužík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
With creative thinking we can identify general methods of problem solving, look at real life from another point of view. The method of 6 Thinking Hats is one of the creative ways to do so. The aim of this thesis is a complex review of using this method when solving a problem in a group. It tries to show creative thinking by which the group should get a certain outcome in solving the problem. The thesis analyses thoroughly all the parts of the 6 Hats method, and at the same time, it tries to view other perspectives on the workings of the method. A significant part of the thesis is aimed at the instructor, who decides to use this particular method, and his work. It should be an instrument to use for application of the 6 Thinking Hats method on a specific company problem.
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Problem posing for limits of functions
Prskavcová, Pavla ; Pilous, Derek (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
Title: Problem posing for limits of functions Author: Pavla Prskavcová Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Mgr. Derek Pilous, Ph.D. The aim of the thesis is to describe methods of limit problems solving and of posing new problems that are solvable by those methods. The first part of the thesis contains the necessary theory (definitions and theorems). In the second part of the thesis there are described the standard methods used for evaluating containing limits. The third part suggest ways of posing problems solvable by using elementary methods, based on the analysis of methods describes in the se- cond part of the thesis (without usage of the differential calculus). Keywords: limit, problem solving, problem posing, elementary function.
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Mental Health Care i the Czech Republic: Problems and solutions
Skalník, Michal ; Veselý, Arnošt (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
Problems of mental health care in the Czech republic have been defined in the early nineties. Yet after nineteen years of progress in this area, these problems are still major topics in mental health care policy documents. Main purpose of diploma paper is therefore to analyse mental health care problems and at the same time also might-be solutions. Mental health care problems definitions as conceptualized in mental helth care policy documents are found to be plausible. Though the amount of supportive data is sufficent, there are differences in decisiveness of some arguments. Available solutions are brought up and described in various manners in order to show their own logic, rules and after all their usability. Final conclusions consider the roles and responsiblities of various policy actors.
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Interpretation of physics graphs by experts and novices followed by the eye-tracker
Vondráčková, Terézia ; Kekule, Martina (advisor) ; Mandíková, Dana (referee)
This thesis is focused on identifying key aspects of mechanics graphs regarded by students and experts. It also contains observations of student's attention focused on each graph. This data was collected using eye tracking camera. 23 high school students and 14 experts participated in this research. Our group of experts contained graduate and post-graduate students as well as researchers from faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University. Our results suggest that experts were able to memorize more information from each graph than high school students. Difference in focus on relevant parts of graphs was obvious from analyzing correct and incorrect answers of high school students and they consider axes and their labeling as the key parts of graphs in contrast to the students. Incorrectly answering students were more focused on parts with no relevance to the task in question. On the contrary, students with correct answers spent less time looking on non-relevant parts of graphs. Ideas of incorrectly answering students were mostly focused on wrong idea about graph as a sketch of real situation, or picture resembling physical situation.
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