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Possibilities of individualization and differentiation of instruction methods in current education
Bredová, Romana ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Horáčková, Klára (referee)
This diploma thesis elaborates on the matters of individualisation and differentiation of education in elementary schooling. The theoretical part is focusing on technical and theoretical problem solution. The aim of the practical part is to look at the variety of possibilities between individualisation and differentiation of education of the instructor's own 4th grade class, while looking at a particular example of two students in that class. The practical part finds solutions from this active research that is interpreted as a case study, and describes the process of individualisation and differentiation from the point of view of working with teaching devices.
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Individualized Czech language teaching methods by MGML
Suchá, Jana ; Kargerová, Jana (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis titled Individualized Czech language teaching methods by MGML represents MultiGradeMultiLevel didactic system, which was developed based on the training needs of poor rural people in Rishi Valley, in India. It is a highly structured system, which uses the heterogeneity of students in class. It is realized in perfectly prepared learning environment and with activities based on the principles of constructivism. The main principles correspond to the theory of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky called Zone of proximal development. The aim of the study is to realize and reflect the teaching of Czech language using the MGML-Methodology and thus use action research to verify the possibility of applying the method in the Czech school environment. The teaching took place in the program Step by Step, because its principles are closest with the MGML-Methodology approach. We conclude that the method can be used as an enriching element in teaching at Czech primary school.
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Experimental education in first Czechoslovak republic. At the example of schools in Michle, Nusle, Hostivař
Svobodová, Veronika ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jiří (referee)
The topic of my thesis is experimental schools in Prague Michle, Nusle and Hostivař. It tries to shed light on the circumstances of the birth and end of these schools and to determine their characteristic features. Emphasis is put on the social aspect of experimentation and its close relation to the environment of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Inspiration by modern pedagogical theories is taken into account. The thesis traces the lives of several teachers. As sources were used not only archives but also a series of interviews with graduates of these schools. It aims, on the basis of a comparison of written and oral sources, to give a complex image of experimental education in Czechoslovakia at the time of the First Republic and the Protectorate. Last but not least it tries to answer the question whether experimental schools can contribute to today's education. Keywords: experimental schools, Dalton plan, pragmatism, globalisation, individualisation, differentiation, social studies, coeducation
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Regulation of transcription by proteins of the Early growth response and Myb families
Čermák, Vladimír ; Dvořák, Michal (advisor) ; Vomastek, Tomáš (referee) ; Elleder, Daniel (referee)
The regulation of transcription of tens of thousands of genes in a vertebrate organism is an enormously complex phenomenon which entails the participation of thousands of various regulatory proteins. The largest functional category of these regulators is accounted for by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins known as transcription factors. Proteins of the EGR and Myb families of transcription factors are long-studied regulators of a variety of physiological processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation. The structural and physical aspects of their function have been well characterized. Their cell-type specific participation in complex gene-regulatory networks, on the other hand, is still incompletely understood and represents a major challenge in the respective research areas. Preliminary analysis of gene expression data from metastasizing PR9692 and non- metastasizing PR9692-E9 chicken sarcoma cell lines revealed that the transcription factor EGR1 is expressed at a higher level in metastasizing cells and can thus take part in the regulatory processes that underlie the differences between the two cell lines. Further investigation demonstrated that the introduction of exogenous EGR1 into PR9692-E9 cells restored their metastatic potential to a level indistinguishable from PR9692...
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Approaches of three teachers to the same subject matter
Nodlová, Veronika ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Krčmářová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis is focused on comparison of three teachers' approaches to the same subject matter in the area of curriculum, differentiation and high expectations. There are analysed topics in question it the theoretical part. The chapter about curriculum contains information about setting curriculum, where is it set, which role does the teacher play in setting curriculum and how he/she chooses the curriculum. We can find there also information about what types of curriculum and approaches to it do exist. The chapter about high expectations explains the term self-fulfilling prophecy and also the way how it is created and how it can be changed. The topic of the last chapter is differentiation, where there are types of differentiation and way of working with pupil according to their needs. There are concisely described two groups of pupils, pupils with special needs and gifted pupils. The approaches of three teachers are based on recordings and interviews. The results of this study give us information about, how the teachers work with textbook materials and what is their approach to chosen unusual topic. The results also tell us, if the teachers are differentiating and if we can observe different behaviour to various pupils. KEY WORDS Curriculum, teacher's beliefs, differentiation, high expectation, praise
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Huntington's disease modeling and stem cell therapy in spinal cord disorders and injury
Hruška-Plocháň, Marián ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Bjarkam, Carsten (referee) ; Roth, Jan (referee)
Neurological disorders affect more than 14% of the population worldwide and together with traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries represent major health, public and economic burden of the society. Incidence of inherited and idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders and acute CNS injuries is growing globally while neuroscience society is being challenged by numerous unanswered questions. Therefore, research of the CNS disorders is essential. Since animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries represent the key step in the conversion of the basic research to the clinics, we focused our work on generation of new animal models and on their use in pre-clinical research. We generated and characterized transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease (HD) which represents the only successful establishment of a transgenic model of HD in minipig which should be valuable for testing of long term safety of HD therapeutics. Next, we crossed the well characterized R6/2 mouse HD model with the gad mouse model which lacks the expression of UCHL1 which led to results that support the theory of "protective" role of mutant huntingtin aggregates and suggest that UCHL1 function(s) may be affected in HD disturbing certain branches of Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Traumatic spinal cord injury and Amyotrophic Lateral...
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Root apoplastic barriers in adverse environmental conditions.
Blascheová, Zuzana ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Differentiation of apoplastic barriers in roots is affected by adverse environmental conditions (e.g. heavy metal toxicity, salinity or flooding). The apoplastic barriers, exodermis and endodermis, differ from each other in response to environmental conditions. The exodermis is more affected by these conditions and its occurence is more variable. The presence of differentiated barriers affects root transport features like uptake, accumulation and entrance of polutants or nutrients. Key words: apoplastic barriers, heavy metals, differentiation, root, Casparian strips, suberin lamellae
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The effect of the canonical Wnt singalling pathway on the differentiation of polydendrocytes after ischemic brain injury
Knotek, Tomáš ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (referee)
Polydendrocytes, or NG2 glia, are fourth type of glial cells in mammal central nervous system. In the adult brain, NG2 glia represent important cell type with respect to their role in gliogenesis and nervous tissue regeneration following injury. Ligands from the Wingless/Int (Wnt) family play key role in proliferation and differentiation of NG2 glia and they can also influence regeneration of nervous tissue after ischemia. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the role of NG2 glia in neurogenesis and gliogenesis following ischemic brain injury and investigate the impact of Wnt signalling on the reaction of NG2 glia to this type of injury. To fulfil these aims, transgenic mouse strains with tamoxifen-inducible recombination, that enabled simultaneous expression of red fluorescent dye and either activation or inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway in NG2 glia, were employed. To induce ischemic injury, middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used. Changes in differentiation and electrophysiological properties of NG2 glia were analysed using patch-clamp technique. Activation of the Wnt signalling pathway under physiological conditions and 7 days after ischemic injury led to increased differentiation of NG2 glia toward astrocytes, while 3 days after ischemic injury activation of this signalling...
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Nervous tissue regeneration following ischemic injury in adulthood - the role of glial cells
Kamenická, Monika ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Kletečková, Lenka (referee)
Ischemic stroke (ischemia) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. The consequences of this disease are enormous and markedly affect the lives of patients who often are unable to live a full quality of life as before. Therefore, the current research is focused on elucidating new mechanisms that could mitigate the effects of ischemia and better regeneration of nerve tissue. This theses aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurogenesis/gliogenesis in the nerve tissue under physiological conditions, after ischemic injury and subsequent regeneration. The first chapter is focused on neurogenesis in the nervous tissue of adults. The two main neurogenic regions are described, such as subventricular zone and the gyrus dentatus in hippocampus. The following is a brief description of cells that are located in neurogenic regions and their function under physiological conditions. The second chapter focuses on gliogenesis in adult nervous tissue and describes the glial cells responsible for numerous functions in CNS. Furthermore, the functions of individual types of glial cells are listed. The third chapter gives the overview about pathophysiology of ischemia. The author tries to explain what is happening in the brain tissue during and following ischemia, what types of ischemia are...
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Cooperative education and diversity of pupils
Ouředníčková, Libuše ; Kasíková, Hana (advisor) ; Tvrzová, Ivana (referee)
This thesis is focused on issues of inclusive education and diversity of pupils at common basic schools, specifically on the pupils with specific learning disabilities integrated in mainstream schools and using cooperative learning in these classes. The thesis is devided into theoretical part and research part, in the first part there are written up necessary theoretical basis for reasearch part and there are also outlined controversial questions of current school system. Research part is focused on using cooperative learning in classes where children with specific learning disabilities are integrated. Results of research executed at basic schools of Prague and central bohemian region are included.
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