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The essential requirements for a democratic state in the Constitution of the Czech Republic
Žáček, Filip ; Suchánek, Radovan (advisor) ; Preuss, Ondřej (referee)
Essential Elements of a Democratic Rule of Law in the Constitution of the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis aims at comprehensive examination of the way in which essential elements of a democratic rule of law are embedded in the laws of the Czech Republic, in particular the Constitution, effective from 1 January 1993, as their centrepoint. The author's key task has been to deal with the difference between constitutional standards of other countries and Czech laws, where the text of the Constitution does not expressly identify the legal institutions that in their unity form the material core of the Constitution. The thesis provides a theoretical definition of the individual components of a democratic rule of law in the light of modern jurisprudence findings. It also outlines procedures aiming at the identification of the individual institutions embedded in the substance of constitutional law that form the unchangeable parts of the Constitution. The state idea, which individualizes the generally applicable essentials of a democratic state governed by the rule of law for requirements of Czech legal system, is considered the cardinal bearer of the core of the essential elements. Its development is described since the 16th century until the present, while its continuity or discontinuity is examined. It is...
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Referendum Repealing the Eight Amendment of Irish Constitution in 2018
Michálková, Kristýna ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the Irish referendum of 2018 about repealing the constitutional amendment that forbids artificially made abortion. It is a case study that examines on this particular referendum positive and negative aspects of using this element of direct democracy. The thesis examines direct democracy theoretically and historically, describes Irish political system and the role of referendum within. Furthermore, the thesis characterizes historical milestones and important events of abortion policy in Ireland before 2018, the situation before the referendum, initiation of the referendum until its official announcement. The thesis also deals with the position of relevant political parties and the Catholic Church on the subject of the referendum, it also examines the main campaigns - both in support of the repeal of the constitutional amendment and the campaigns that oppose it. Thesis also includes election surveys, the results of the referendum itself and their consequences. At the end of the thesis, this referendum is analysed and evaluated, whether the positive or negative aspects of the use of the referendum prevail. The main research questions identified are not confirmed or rejected. In the case of the question about positive aspects of the referendum - 3 of the 6 statements are...
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Constitutional in England in the 17th century
Bartončíková, Renáta ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Seltenreich, Radim (referee)
Constitutional development in England in the 17th century Abstract This thesis aims at a thorough analysis of this period and its critical evaluation. It is based on the English constitutional development since the time of William the Conqueror and its summary is an integral part of it. The author considers the 17th century to be one of the most important periods that defined the modern constitutionality and state system of England. The main topic of the thesis is the already mentioned analysis, especially the relationship between the English monarchs and the English Parliament during the 17th century. The author defines the 17th century by a dispute between a monarch and a parliament based on the division of powers, which has changed rapidly over time. The emphasis is on the fact that during this time there has been a significant reduction in the sovereign's ancient rights and the transfer of many powers to parliament. The author describes the change in the powers of the king and parliament, especially in the field of fiscal, executive and justice, church affairs, foreign policy and the right to convene and dissolve parliament. She also deals with the development of parliamentary privileges, such as freedom of speech, division of power, immunity in voting on parliamentary bills, etc. The structure of the...
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Preparation and enactment of the 1960 Constitution from the point of view of the Czechoslovak press
Volčková, Dominika ; Groman, Martin (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the most important constitutional transformations in the Czechoslovak and Czech history from the point of view of the then press. The primary aim of the new constitution enacted in July 1960 was to confirm the following fact: socialism had won in Czechoslovakia. Embodying among others the pivotal position of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, this triumphal document had to be presented to the society in a certain form. The key role played the Czechoslovak daily press. It was documenting the entire procedure from drafting the proposal of constitution in April 1960 to its definitive enactment by the National Assembly in July. However, what kind of information was the press passing to readers? And which methods were used? At the beginning, we focus in the theoretical part on the historical and legal context preceding the new constitution. We concentrate on the text itself and its specificities from the 1948 Constitution. Subsequently we characterize the explored media environment. Finally we analyze with qualitative and comparative methods four leading daily newspapers: Rudé právo, Práce, Svobodné slovo and Mladá fronta. What media image of the 1960 Constitution did they create and in which they mutually resemble or differ from each other?
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Evo Morales and his political strategy
Sabolová, Ema ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the political strategy of the former Bolivian President Evo Morales (2006-2019). After successfully running in the 2005 presidential election, he became the first Bolivian president of Indian descent. Many authors believe that during the three election periods that Morales served in the country, there was a reversal in his political strategy, after he deviated from his original agenda of indigenous nature and began to pursue a tough extractivist policy focused on the development model of the state. The paper explores key concepts such as Indigenism, Indianism, and Katarismo and their development and influence in Bolivia. The work also tries to define the term developmentalism (development theory), which is of fundamental importance in the study of this issue. Closer attention is also paid to the personality of Evo Morales and his political activity. Based on both primary and secondary sources, we tried to define and explain the political turnaround that was to take place. The work deals with four key areas of Morales policy, the role of gas extraction, the president's relationship with exports, building infrastructure, and the autonomy of Native American movements. Based on the analysis of these areas, we examine whether there has been a political turnaround, which...
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The scope of the powers and staus of the SAO
Votápková, Michaela ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
Theses focuses on the status and powers of the Supreme Audit Office of the Czech Republic. The topics of the audits, done by SAO, have been described primarily in the framework of topics, describing audits done by state authorities. Scope of audits done by the Office one of them. Submitted work deals just with auditing competencies of the SAO and describes it from the theoretical point of view. Substantial space is dedicated to the case law, especially of the Constitutional court. Such case law has been important for defining of organizations, subjected to audit activities SAO. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the status of the Supreme Audit Office as independent authority sui generis, his powers and scope of his activities. The text is divided into individual chapters, with expanded analysis. The goal is to provide readers with detailed information on mentioned topics. Introductory chapters deal with history of audit organizations, preceding constitution of SAO. Further chapters are dedicated to constitutional anchorage of the SAO, its relations to other constitutional authorities and to attributes of the Office's independence. Attention is paid to the actual exercise of auditing powers of the SAO and its comparison with audit activities of other state authorities. Special part describes in...
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Constitutional development of selected Central European countries in 1945 - 1990
Sehnal, Ondřej ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional development of selected Central European countries in 1945 - 1990 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the constitutional-law development of selected countries of Central Europe, namely the development in the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and Poland, from 1945 to 1990. The thesis captures significant changes in the field of constitutional law in these countries and tries to put them into the background of social events and moods of the time. After an initial outline of the social situation after the end of the Second World War, the work deals with the situation in post-war Germany, the division of its occupation zones including the circumstances that preceded the division, and then the emergence of political parties in each zone. The third chapter deals with the development in the Federal Republic of Germany. It analyses the establishment of the Basic Law and the Republic itself and describes in detail the constitutional framework formed by the Basic Law, not forgetting the occupation status and the general treaty. The conclusion of this chapter belongs to the amendments to the Basic Law until 1990. Developments in the German Democratic Republic are dealt with in the fourth chapter. It analyses in detail the constitution of 1949, as well as its changes and...
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