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Manual therapy for children - a summary
Saláková, Kamila ; Medunová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Málková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize information about manual therapy for children. In the general part manual therapy from both Czech and foreign perspectives is described. It also provides a brief overview of relevant manual techniques, and summarizes the theories, that is to say how each technique works. The special part of the thesis is focused on pediatrics patients and describes the specifics of manual therapy with respect to the age of children. The development and growth of children is described and how therapists adapt certain techniques. The thesis then deals with contraindications of manual therapy in the pediatric population. Furthermore it summarizes positive experiences with manual therapy for the pediatric diagnoses. Part of the bachelor thesis is a case report of a patient at the age of 3,5 months for whom manual therapy was indicated.
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The Education in Primary Care
Brejchová, Eliška ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
1. Title of the thesis: The Education in Primary Care 2. Author's first name and surname: Eliška Brejchová 3. Supervisor: Mgr. Miluše Kulhavá Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague This bachelor thesis deals with education in primary care, specifically the education which takes place in the offices of general practitioners for children and adolescents. The theoretical part focuses on the history of pedagogy and education, the detailed description of the educational processes in primary care in pediatrics and educational issues related to this field. In the empirical part, I used the methods of quantitative research. Goal of the research was to clarify the implementation of education in primary care in the offices of general practitioners for children and adolescents to determine whether the parents of children under 6 years (patients / clients of primary care) are provided with sufficient information regarding the care for their child and if that information is provided, who passes the information, whether the education takes place under appropriate conditions, through suitable mediums and whether the information is sufficient and for parents easy to understand. The research was also aimed at obtaining information on issues on which the...
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PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: Practical Application in Occupational Therapy
Krulová, Anna ; Haškovcová, Eliška (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Author: Anna Krulová Supervisor: Mgr. Eliška Haškovcová Title: PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: Practical Application in Occupational Therapy The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is a standardized assessment developed in the USA. The PEDI samples key functional skills, caregiver assistance and modification in three content domains: self-care, mobility and social function. This thesis is aimed at the characterization of the PEDI and its practical application in occupational therapy. The theoretical part contains introduction of the PEDI, description of cooperation between occupational therapist and parents and brief description of functional skills development to the age of 7. Occupational therapists and parents information value of the PEDI is described in the practical part. The advantages and disadvantages for occupational therapist are also summarized. 20 assessments were used to achieve the aims of this theses. Feedback from the respondents was recieved using the anonymous online questionnaire. The detailed case study and graphs demonstrate the results of the research. Key words: Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) occupational therapy pediatrics functional skills assessment disability parents
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Clinical and elektrophysiology longitudinal study of children with hereditary neurophathy Charlot-Marie-Tooth type 1A
Haberlová, Jana ; Seeman, Pavel (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Ambler, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vondráček, Petr (referee)
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, known asCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) and with an incidence of 1:2500 -1:10 000, is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. Type CMT 1A is the most common form of CMT refering to the group of primary demyelinitateing motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. CMT phenotype is clinically characterized by chronic slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy with hypo or areflexia and mild to moderate acral sensory loss. The lower limbs are predominantly affected. The aims of this study were to describe the first and most common signs of CMT1A during the first decade of life, to characterize their progression, and evaluate the sensitivity of CMTNS (Charcot-Marie- Tooth neuropath scale) for CMT1A young children. Sixteen children aged 3 to 10 years with genetically proven CMT 1A were examined. All patients were clinically examined, underwent electrophysiological examination, and were scored by CMTNS. Eight were followed for up to two years. Our data shows that CMT 1A in children under the age of 10 years causes only a mild disability. Initial signs of CMT 1A were difficulty in heel walking (15/16, 93%) and lower limb hypo or areflexia ( 13/16, 81%). The test of heel walking can be easily used as a screening test for hereditary neuropathies in pediatrics....
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The use of physiological and pathophysiological pressure ratios in the area of the biliary ductal system and pancreas for diagnosis and treatment by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Keil, Radan ; Kvapil, Milan (advisor) ; Frič, Přemysl (referee) ; Hep, Aleš (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
:.In our work we wanted to confirm our clinical experience with therapy of biliary and pancreatic duct injuries from the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which was done in 267. Children and infants with a variety of biliary tract disorders and traumatic injuries in the area of biliary and pancreatic duct.. Pressure of the bile plays the key role in the therapy of biliary tract injuries Therefore we have measured the pressure in biliary tract and duodenum before and after the sphincterotomy of Oddi sphincter. Thea aim of our study was to confirm the insertion of drainage into the biliary and pancreatic duct in children with injury in this area. Our results showed significant differences between biliary duct pressure and duodenal pressure in the patients before and after sphincterotomy of Oddi sphincter. This results on theoretical basis confirmed, that it is necessary in children after traumatic rupture of biliary duct to provide ERCP and insert a biliary drainage after sphincterotomy. With this procedure the biliary tract injury is healed ad integrum without surgical liver resection. To provide only papilosphincterotomy without biliary drainage is not sufficient. This new miniinvasive procedure plays a fundamental role in the therapy of blunt abdominal injuries in a children and infants...
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Etiology of childhood acute leukemia
Burjanivová, Tatiana ; Zuna, Jan (advisor) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Haškovec, Cedrick (referee)
Childhood acute leukaemias are a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Based on cell origin, clinical manifestations, and molecular/chromosomal changes, we distinguish two main subtypes: acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of childhood leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly found in adults, being rarer in childhood. In the Czech Republic, the ALL is in childhood diagnosed approximately five times more often compared to AML. Despite the intensive research, aetiology of leukaemia has not been entirely clarified. So far, we only have knowledge of certain risk factors (ionising radiation, some chemicals and viruses) but in the vast majority of cases the aetiopathogenesis has not yet been made clear. Some of the answers may be provided by studies dealing with the presence of (pre)-leukaemic cells in a material archived prior to the clinical onset of the disease. Such are for example the so-called Guthrie cards, the dried blood samples collected immediately after birth and used in screening of the newborns for metabolic disorders. The better availability of material collected before the diagnosis of a secondary leukaemia (originally meant for the follow-up of the primary malignancy) might help us in better...
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A retrospective look at the development competence of pediatric nurses on inpatient department
ŠIMKOVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis deals with not only a question of competence of nurses and their children's development, but also in terms of preparation of professional nurses. The nursing skills are necessary competence to perform the nursing profession. Represent this area of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are acquired through education. One of the ways to qualify nurses to the profession, is today a university course. The second method is a specialized education, provided that the candidate meets the conditions for admission and received his professional competence to practice nurses. Determination of the competencies of nurses in the Czech Republic is governed by Law No. 96/2004 Coll. Acquisition and recognition of eligibility for non-medical professions and for activities related to providing health care and amending certain related acts, the last decree on the activities of health workers and other professionals, No. 55/2011 Coll. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical cross section contains the history of pediatrics and nursing, selected chapters from health legislation and development of children's ward in České Budějovice Hospital. For the practical part, I chose a qualitative research method of interviewing and pediatric nurses. The research sample consisted of 10 nurses who work or have worked on the inpatient pediatric ward. There were set three goals in this work. The first task was to determine the development of competencies nurses. The second objective was to determine the extent of the authority nurses at present. In the last part of my job I surveyed whether nurses are aware of their general competence. The research showed that their competencies developed. A large share of this development has the technological development in medicine, new insights in treatment and use of modern diagnostic methods and increasing nursing education. Results of this research can serve for professionals in pediatric congresses and publication in professional journals.
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Basal stimulation in pediatric intensive care units
SOUKUPOVÁ, Alena
This diploma thesis deals with basic stimulation, specifically in intensive care units. Basic stimulation is a holistic method that approaches the patient as a whole. It views patients as individual beings with specific needs that make them different from others. We use basic simulation to enable people with physical or mental disabilities an easier integration in life. When taking care of patients within the framework of basic stimulation, we take their habits, manners of communication as well as experience into consideration. We make use of everything that an individual perceives as pleasant and is used to. When using the elements of basic stimulation we stimulate the individual whom we thus enable to perceive his or her bodily boundaries and surroundings, we facilitate his or her communication with the surrounding world and his or her return to becoming aware of his or her own ?I? ? of who I am actually. The objective of our thesis was to find out whether nurses working at paediatric intensive care units apply methods of basic stimulation in their profession and what attitude they adopt to it. Further, we investigated whether the parents of hospitalised children have information about basic stimulation, and again, we were interested in the attitude parents adopt to this method. To achieve our objectives, we chose both the quantitative method, by means of an anonymous questionnaire that we handed out to nurses at paediatric intensive care units, and the qualitative method, by which we obtained information from the parents of hospitalised children by means of a semi-structured interview. Our respondents were the above nurses from paediatric intensive care units and the parents of hospitalised children. We have found out from our results that despite the fact that basic stimulation is not applied by all nurses we interviewed, it is a widely used method in the care of patients and it brings quality results in care. The nurses adopt, in most cases, a very positive attitude to this method. They find improvement and calming in their patients. Although basic stimulation is a frequently applied method, some parents of hospitalised children have not heard of it. The parents got involved in the care of their children with pleasure, also when elements of basic stimulation was applied. The nurses were very often willing to teach the parents these elements. The parents regarded basic stimulation in nursing as very beneficial and observed its positive effect on their children.
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Specifics of measuring pressure in children
JANTAČOVÁ, Dana
The number children and young people with high blood pressure has been increasing. The current lifestyle is one of the contributing factors to the disease. The most adverse is poor quality diet and excessive intake of salt. Further, the energy expenditure is lower, e.g. due lack of physical activities. Many children and young people do not have enough information about the risks of high blood pressure and its prevention. It is critical to identify groups with a risk of hypertension, i.e. children and young people with the so-called ?high normal? blood pressure. At the beginning we set four objectives: to learn the blood pressure measuring techniques suitable for children ? using digital and mercury tonometers, to find 25 ? 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure, to instruct nurses, particularly in the primary care, about the correct technique of blood pressure measurement in children and to compare the values of blood pressure measured with mercury and digital tonometers. The research was conducted in basic and secondary schools in České Budějovice and in a pediatric surgery. The researched group consisted of children and young people aged 13 ? 18. To achieve the first objective we measured blood pressure in 613 children with a digital tonometer and to achieve the second objective we measured blood pressure in 50 children both with mercury and digital tonometers. The results have been presented in form of tables. We found out that it was not necessary to examine more children, as we had expected, to get a sample group of 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure. Further, we found out that there was no significant difference between the values measured with a mercury tonometer and with a digital tonometer. The results have shown that it is essential to use the correct technique for blood pressure measurement in children. Based on our findings we have developed an educational material for nurses.
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