|
|
Mechanistic insights into alcohol-induced interstrand crosslink repair by the nuclease SLX4-XPF-ERCC1
Havlíková, Jana ; Šilhán, Jan (advisor) ; Lux, Vanda (referee)
Alcohol ranks among the most widely used recreational drugs in the world, even though it is considered a risk factor for more than 200 diseases. The primary negative impact of alcohol lies in its metabolite, acetaldehyde, which, as a highly reactive compound, can form mutagenic adducts and interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in DNA. The formation of ICLs, which have a covalent nature and block the separation of the two DNA strands during replication, is one of the important causes of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. To maintain genomic stability, repair mechanisms have evolved. One of them is a pathway that uses proteins encoded by Fanconi anaemia genes, whose defects lead to the disease of the same name. Defects in repair pathways can be particularly dangerous in individuals with impaired functionality in other metabolic pathways, such as alcoholics and individuals with mutations in genes that result in the accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with alcohol metabolism, in vivo acetaldehyde formation, and its interactions with DNA. The ICL and their repair pathways are characterized in more detail. A separate chapter is dedicated to Fanconi anaemia. The practical part of this work focuses on the preparation of site-specific acetaldehyde- induced ICL (AA-ICLs) and the study...
|
|
|
Exposure to alcohol advertising among second grade primary school students in Prague
Baraník, Petr ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Petruželka, Benjamin (referee)
Background: During adolescence, individuals develop their own lifestyle, experience self- awareness, and shape their identity. Children in this period often experiment, reject advice, and disregard the opinions of adults. Alcohol advertising shapes a positive relationship with alcohol across age groups. Adolescents seek new friendships, good mood, and an escape from stress, anxiety, and obligations. Alcohol advertising specifically offers guidance and recommendations for alcohol consumption. Alcohol advertising fails to highlight the negative consequences of alcohol use and the risks of addiction. Aim: Describe and analyse the relationship between the influence of alcohol advertising, and the views and experiences of primary two pupils on alcohol use. To evaluate the exposure to alcohol advertising among second grade primary school students in Prague. To investigate the impact of alcohol advertising on pupils' attitudes and behaviour. To analyse pupils' awareness of the risks associated with alcohol consumption. Methods: The bachelor's thesis has the character of quantitative research, the research tool is a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Between May and June 2023, 35 elementary schools in the capital city of Prague were approached, of which 9 elementary schools were willing to participate....
|
|
|
Knowledge of selected high school students on the effects and health risks of alcohol and tobacco products usage
Freslová, Veronika ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with the issues of alcohol and tobacco use, their effects on the organism and the associated health risks. The aim of the work, based on information gathered from empirical research, is to map the level of knowledge among secondary school students about the risks of using alcohol and tobacco products and their effects on health. The theoretical basis of this thesis is based on the available professional literature devoted to this topic, at the same time it relies on empirical experience gained from the practice. As part of the empirical part, the thesis involves a questionnaire survey involving volunteers from the pupils of the Secondary Vocational School of Catering in Říčany. By summarising the results of the research investigation, it can be said that general knowledge and information about both alcohol and tobacco products and their effects on health is available to users. Surprisingly, across ages or social groups, smoking is generally tolerated by society as opposed to drinking alcohol. The explanation lies in the fact that smoking does not affect the user's judgement. It can therefore be said that smoking is considered a normal part of everyday life by the respondents asked. In contrast, they are more likely to use alcohol under the influence of a social group and to fit in...
|
|
|
Co-use of opioid analgesics with alcohol and/or benzodiazepines in patients with chronic non-cancer pain
Nováková, Daniela ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Koutská, Kateřina Olga (referee)
Background: The problem of the simultaneous use (co-use) of benzodiazepines (BZD) and/or alcohol in patients with a diagnosis of chronic non-cancer pain (CHNCP) using strong opioid analgesics (OA) is still poorly mapped in the Czech Republic. Aims: To map the prevalence of co-use of BZDs and alcohol among patients with CHNNB taking long-term prescription OA. To determine differences between co-using groups and not-co-using patients and to determine predictors of co-use. Design and setting: The research is based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the period from March 2019 to December 2019 in the form of an anonymous questionnaire survey among patients of nine pain treatment centers in the Czech Republic. For research purposes, clinical and sociodemographic data related to co-use obtained from a semi-structured (anamnestic) questionnaire and data from the standardized questionnaires Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP-R), Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) and Emotional Thermometers (ET) were analyzed. Particpants: The sample consisted of 305 respondents older than 18 years with diagnosed chronic pain and treated with strong OA for at least three moths. Measurements: Descriptive analysis was performed using descriptive statistics methods. Mann- Whitney test, chi-square test,...
|
|
|
Controlled Alcohol Consumption : Current use in the outpatients facilities
Staš, Filip ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Petruželka, Benjamin (referee)
BACKGROUND: Increased health, social and economic risks related to alcohol consumption affect almost a fifth of the population of the Czech Republic, while the availability of outpatient professional care in particular is insufficient. Controlled alcohol consumption can expand the spectrum of treatment interventions. However, its current spread is not mapped. AIMS: To map and analyze the current expansion and form of use of the therapeutic method of controlled alcohol consumption in outpatient facilities in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with 10 communication partners working in outpatient facilities and their thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. Subsequently, the creation of hypotheses, followed by an online questionnaire survey with the resulting set of 85 respondents from outpatient facilities. Hypothesis testing in Statistica MAIN RESULTS: Controlled alcohol consumption is most often described in the form of a set of rules and used as an intermediate step towards an abstinence, with which 69 % of respondents agreed. 53 % of respondents agreed with the concept in a form of alternative to abstinence. 64 % of respondents consider the approach suitable especially in low- threshold services. The majority (64 %) of the involved outpatient facilities allow their clinets to...
|
|
|
The representation of economic sectors among the partners of Czech professional sport with a focus on the gambling and alcohol industry
Pokorný, Dominik ; Šíma, Jan (advisor) ; Křivda, Tomáš (referee)
Title: The representation of economic sectors among the partners of Czech professional sport with a focus on the gambling and alcohol industry Objectives: The primary objective of the thesis is to conduct a survey focused on the industrial composition of partners supporting professional sports entities with representation in the highest competitions of Czech sport. Thus, the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the composition of industries supporting Czech professional sport. The thesis also aims to provide a more detailed look at a group of controversial areas of the economy that are often integral to sports partnerships. Methods: The method of sequential collection of virtual data from primary sources, i.e. official websites of the included sports entities, is used. The whole process is carried out within Microsoft Excel, where all sports entities with their listed partners are recorded, which are always assigned the relevant partnership type and the corresponding defined industry sector. In the same program, the resulting statistics are then prepared and represent the official output of the thesis. Results: The diploma thesis presents an extensive and detailed overview of the structure of industries represented among the partners of sports entities belonging to the sphere of Czech...
|
|
|
Patterns of polysubstance, alcohol and cocaine, use in nightlife setting: Qualitative research
Kazdová, Lucie ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: There is currently an upward trend in the availability and use of cocaine within the European Union. Among recreational users, it is consumed mainly in night-life settings where alcohol is traditionally consumed. Alcohol and cocaine are thus often used simultaneously by nightclubbers which carries significant risks. These users also constitute a 'hidden population'whose characteristics and patterns ofuse havenot yet been sufficiently described. Aims: The aim of the research was to map and describe patterns of concurrent alcohol and cocaine use among selected nightlife participants, providing background information on the context of their use. A sub-objective was to assess the level of risk of alcohol and cocaine use based on respondents' experiences and behaviours in nightlife settings. Methods: Respondents were recruited through social networks and directly in the nightlife environment. Methodologically, it was a combination of non-probabilistic methods of selecting the research population (self-selection, purposive sampling and snowball sampling). The research sample consisted of 14 respondents with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted by several interviewers (triangulation of researchers). The data were analysed by coding them and then creating so-called clusters and...
|
|
|
The decrease in alcohol consumption and smoking in the Czech Republic between the years 2010 and 2018 in relation to the family environment
Krásná, Anna ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
Since 2010, sociologists have noted that teenagers drink less alcohol and smoke a smaller number of cigarettes each year than in previous years. This paper analyses the association between family background and the decline in alcohol and cigarette use in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2018. The data are from the international HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) study, from the years 2010, 2014, and 2018. The bachelor thesis only discusses cases from the Czech Republic, the data have thousands of cases, so they are robust enough to perform quantitative analyses. The analysis focuses only on alcohol and conventional cigarettes as the two most common addictive substances consumed by adolescents. Family background is examined in terms of parental presence in the household, ease of communication between parent and child, and family wealth. Secondary analysis showed an association of family wealth with the amount of alcohol consumed and cigarettes smoked. Children from wealthier families drink alcohol more often than children from the opposite end of the spectrum, and conversely, children from poorer families smoke more cigarettes. The data does not have the potential to observe causality, only correlations could be observed. The main conclusion of the paper is that the decline in...
|
|
|
Association between alcohol use and semantic verbal fluency in older adults over 65 years of age
Zbořilová, Darina ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Association between alcohol use and semantic verbal fluency in older adults over 65 years of age Objectives: To determine the association between alcohol consumption and one of the memory components - semantic verbal fluency in older adults over 65 years. Methods: This diploma thesis was carried out as the secondary analysis of data from an international cross-sectional study, which was a part of the Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project. For the purposes of this thesis, the participants were divided into six categories according to their education levels, and sex. Generalized linear models were calculated for each of the categories separately. Results: A total of 41,224 participants average age 75.1 ± 7.4 years were included in the survey, out of them 22,737 were women and 18,487 were men. 83.0% of participants reported no consumption any alcohol during the last three months prior to testing. More frequent alcohol consumption was associated with lower performance in the semantic verbal fluency test in the several categories according to education (p<0.001). This relationship was primarily among participants with less education, the unstandardized regression coefficient B = -1.416 (p = 0.045) was estimated in women who consumed alcohol five or six days a week and...
|
|
|
The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women
Teplá, Jana ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women Objectives: Assessment of the influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women over 60 years of age Methods: The work will be processed as a cross-sectional study, in which data will be collected using a questionnaire regarding alcohol consumption and smoking during life and four physical tests selected from the test battery Senior fitness test. In order to complete the study, data regarding the lifestyle of the participants will be collected by additional questions. Results: 34 senior women aged 61-89 participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 72,1 years. Three senior women reported consumption of 15 cigarettes per day, one 12 cigarettes, two 10 cigarettes, one 10 cigarettes and one 7 cigarettes per day. Three of these women met or exceeded the normative range for their age in all physical tests, two did not reach the normative range only once, both in the 6-minute walk test, one met the norm only in the 30-Second Chair Stand, and the remaining two did not meet the norms in any test. Seventeen senior women do not consume alcohol, seven stated an average alcohol consumption of up to 20 g per day, ten over 20 g of alcohol per day and two...
|
guest ::
