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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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Concept of Human by John Amos Comenius
Hoskovcová, Žaneta ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The study is focused on human beeing concept deals with the concept in John Amos Comenius work There are nine chapters each of them represents one part of his lifelong work. The first chapter contains basic information about Comenius, therefore his biographical details and link to today's world. The next chapter discusses the Unity of Brethren, that influenced his life and work. The following chapter is devoted to pedagogical thinking, which monitors developments and advances in pedagogy for the life of Comenius. Other chapters are devoted to his conception of philosophy, antropology and theology pansophism. The work outlines all the areas in which Comenius delas with man.
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Radical interpretation, truth, objectivity
Vašíček, Jan ; Koťátko, Petr (advisor) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
Nobody can be wrong in majority of his beliefs about the world. What reasons has Donald Davidson for this claim? This paper is concerned with the connection between three important topics in Davidson's thought - radical interpretation, truth and objectivity. The experiment of radical interpretation is supposed to show the basic conditions of communication. On the basis thus provided, it will be possible to show, after a short summary of flaws in other theories, why we can talk about objective and non-epistemic truth. The relation between truth and knowledge can be specified by the same token. By means of inquiring into the way of how contents of our beliefs emerge, thoughts about the objective world will be shown to fundamentally depend on the social basis of intercommunicating people. This will also contain Davidson's argument against global scepticism. Using firstly the not entirely satisfying "omniscient interpreter" example and then the concept of triangulation, it will be specified what sense has objectivity for Davidson and to which extent is it justified to label him as realist.
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Quest for truth as a fundamental moral claim
Jakoubek, Jiří ; Lorman, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
Is it possible to describe questing for truth as a fundamental moral claim? If so, in what meaning than? The goal of the submitted work is to find the answer to these questions. As the starting point of reflections serves a characteristic of a man as a person in spirit of dialogical personalism. This correspond with personal project conception of moral truth. That is put in connection with the life story of Jesus of Nazareth as a true man. With the assistence of the terms "conscience" and "liberty" is the final conception of moral truth set in a wider purview of ethical reflections and consequently confrontated with teaching of encyclical "Veritas splendor".
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